List of state leaders in the 1st century BC

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Millennium: 1st millennium BC
Centuries:
  • 2nd century BC
  • 1st century BC
  • 1st century AD
Timelines:
  • 2nd century BC
  • 1st century BC
  • 1st century AD
State leaders:
Decades:
Categories: Births – Deaths
Establishments – Disestablishments
See also: List of political entities in the 1st century BC
State leaders in the 2nd century BC – State leaders in the 1st century– State leaders by year

This is a list of state leaders in the 1st century BC (100–1 BC).

Africa[]

Africa: Northcentral[]

Libya

  • Ptolemy Apion, King (c.147–96 BC)

Africa: Northeast[]

Egypt

  • Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt (complete list) –
  • Ptolemy IX Lathyros, Pharaoh (116–110 BC, 110–109 BC, 88–81 BC)
  • Ptolemy X Alexander I, Pharaoh (110–109 BC, 107–88 BC)
  • Berenice III, Pharaoh (101–88 BC, 81–80 BC)
  • Ptolemy XI Alexander II, Pharaoh (80 BC)
  • Ptolemy XII Auletes, Pharaoh (80–58 BC, 55–51 BC)
  • Cleopatra VI, Pharaoh (58–57 BC)
  • Berenice IV, Pharaoh (58–55 BC)
  • Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, Pharaoh (51–47 BC)
  • Cleopatra VII, Pharaoh (51–30 BC)
  • Arsinoe IV, Queen (48–47 BC)
  • Ptolemy XIV, Pharaoh (47–44 BC)
  • Caesarion, Pharaoh (44–30 BC)

Nubia

  • Tanyidamani, Qore (2nd–1st century BC)
  • Naqyrinsan, Qore (early 1st century BC)
  • Aqrakamani, Qore (late 1st century BC)
  • Teriteqas, Qore (c.40 BC)
  • Amanirenas, Kandake, Queen Regent (c.40–10 BC)
  • Amanishakheto, Kandake, Queen Regent (c.10 BC–1 AD)
  • Amanitore, Kandake, Queen Co-regent (c.40–10 BC)
  • Amanikhabale, Qore (c.50–40 BC)

Africa: Northwest[]

Algeria

  • Numidia (complete list) –
  • Gauda, King (105–88 BC)
  • Hiempsal II, King (88–60 BC)
  • Juba I, King (60–46 BC)
  • Juba II, client King under Rome (29–25 BC)

Morocco

  • Mauretania (complete list) –
  • Bocchus I, King (c.110–c.80s BC)
  • Bocchus II, King (49–c.33 BC)
  • Bogud, Co-King (49–c.38 BC)
  • Juba II, client King under Rome (25 BC–23 AD)

Asia[]

Asia: East[]

China

  • Wu, Emperor (141–87 BC)
  • Zhao, Emperor (87–74 BC)
  • Liu He, Emperor (74 BC)
  • Xuan Di Emperor (74–49 BC)
  • Yuan, Emperor (48–33 BC)
  • Cheng, Emperor (33–7 BC)
  • Ai, Emperor (7–1 BC)
  • Ping, Emperor (1 BC–5 AD)

Korea: Three Kingdoms

  • Onjo, King (18 BC–28 AD)
  • Goguryeo (complete list) –
  • Dongmyeong, King (37–19 BC)
  • Yuri, King (19 BC–18 AD)
  • Silla (complete list) –

Asia: South[]

India

  • Vasudeva (c.75–c.66 BC)
  • Bhumimitra (c.66–c.52 BC)
  • Narayana (c.52–c.40 BC)
  • Susharman (c.40–c.30 BC)
  • Satavahana dynasty (Purana-based chronology)[1] –
  • Satakarni II, King (141–85 BC)
  • Lambodara, King (85–67 BC)
  • Apilaka, King (67–55 BC)
  • Meghasvati, King (55–37 BC)
  • Svati, King (37–19 BC)
  • Skandasvati, King (19–12 BC)
  • Mrigendra Satakarni, King (12–9 BC)
  • Kunatala Satakarni, King (9–1 BC)
  • Satakarni III, King (1 BC–1 AD)
  • Hagamasha, Satrap (late 1st century BC)
  • Hagana, Satrap (late 1st century BC)

Pakistan

  • Apracharajas (complete list) –
  • Indravarman, Raja (1st century BC)
  • Vijayamitra, Raja (12 BC–15 AD)

Sri Lanka

  • Anuradhapura Kingdom (complete list) –

Asia: West[]

  • Nicomedes III Euergetes, King (127–94 BC)
  • Nicomedes IV Philopator, King (94–74 BC)
  • Socrates Chrestus, King (c.90 BC)
  • Ariarathes VIII, client King under Rome (101–96 BC)
  • Ariarathes IX, nominal King under Pontus (c. 95 BC)
  • Ariobarzanes I, client King (95–c.63 BC)
  • Ariobarzanes II, client King under Rome (c.63–51 BC)
  • Ariobarzanes III, client King under Rome (51–42 BC)
  • Ariarathes X, client King under Rome (42–36 BC)
  • Archelaus, client King under Rome (36 BC–17 AD)
  • Characene (complete list) –
  • Tiraios I, King (95/94–90/89 BC)
  • Tiraios II, King (79/78–49/48 BC)
  • Artabazos I, King (49/48–48/47 BC)
  • Attambelos I, King (47/46–25/24 BC)
  • Theonesios I, King (c.19/18)
  • Attambelos II, King (c.17/16 BC–8/9 AD)
  • Bosporan Kingdom (complete list) –
  • Asander, client King under Rome (47 BC, 44–17 BC)
  • Dynamis, client Queen under Rome (47–14 BC)
  • Mithridates, client King under Rome (47–44 BC)
  • Scribonius, King (17–16 BC)
  • Aspurgus, client King under Rome (8 BC–38 AD)
  • Colchis (complete list) –
  • Mithridates, client King under Pontus (fl. 65 BC)
  • Machares, client King under Pontus (fl. 65 BC)
  • Aristarchus, client King under Rome (65–47 BC)
  • Mithridates I, King (109–70 BC)
  • Antiochus I, King (70–38 BC)
  • Mithridates II, King (38–20 BC)
  • Mithridates III, King (20–12 BC)
  • Antiochus III, King (12 BC–17 AD)
  • Elymais (complete list) –
  • Kamnaskires III Megas Nikephorus, client King under Parthia (c.85 BC)
  • Kamnaskires IV, client King under Parthia (c.82/1–c.76/5 BC)
  • Kamnaskires V, client King under Parthia (c.73/2–c.46 BC)[2]
  • Kamnaskires VI, client King under Parthia (c.46–c.28 BC)[3]
  • Kamnaskires VII, client King under Parthia (c.28 BC–c.1 AD)[4]
  • Indo-Greek Kingdom (complete list) –
  • Antialcidas, King of Paropamisade, Arachosia, and Gandhara (115–95 BC)
  • Heliokles II, King of Gandhara and Punjab (110–100 BC)
  • Polyxenios, King of Paropamisade and Arachosia (c.100 BC)
  • Demetrius III, King of Gandhara and Punjab (c.100 BC)
  • Philoxenus, King of Paropamisade, Arachosia, Gandhara, and Punjab (100–95 BC)
  • Diomedes, King of Paropamisade (95–90 BC)
  • Amyntas, King of Arachosia and Gandhara (95–90 BC)
  • Epander, King of Punjab (95–90 BC)
  • Theophilos, King of Paropamisade (c.90 BC)
  • Peukolaos, King of Arachosia and Gandhara (c.90 BC)
  • Nicias, King of Paropamisade (90–85 BC)
  • Menander II, King of Arachosia and Gandhara (90–85 BC)
  • Hermaeus, King of Paropamisade (90–70 BC)
  • Archebius, King of Arachosia, Gandhara, and Punjab (90–80 BC)
  • Maues, Indo-Scythian King of Paropamisade, Arachosia, Gandhara, and Punjab (85–60 BC)
  • Artemidoros, King of Gandhara/Punjab (c.80 BC)
  • Apollodotus II, King of Punjab (80–65 BC)
  • Telephos, King of Gandhara (75–70 BC)
  • Hippostratos, King of Western Punjab (65–55 BC)
  • Dionysios, King of Eastern Punjab (65–55 BC)
  • Zoilos II, King of Eastern Punjab (55–35 BC)
  • Apollophanes, King of Eastern Punjab (35–25 BC)
  • Strato II and Strato III, Kings of Eastern Punjab (25 BC–10 AD)
  • Indo-Scythian Kingdom (complete list) –
  • Maues, King (c.85–60 BC)
  • Vonones, King (c.75–65 BC)
  • Spalahores, King (c.75–65 BC)
  • Spalirises, King (c.60–57 BC)
  • Azes I, King (c.57–35 BC)
  • Azilises, King (c.57–35 BC)
  • Azes II, King (c.35–12 BC)
  • Zeionises, Sub-king (c.10 BC–10 AD)
  • Kharahostes, Sub-king (c.10 BC–10 AD)
  • Judea: Hasmonean dynasty (complete list) –
  • Alexander Jannaeus, King and High Priest (103–76 BC)
  • Alexandra Salome, Queen (76–67 BC)
  • John Hyrcanus II
  • High Priest (76–66, 63–40 BC)
  • King (67–66 BC)
  • Ethnarch (47–40 BC)
  • Aristobulus II, King and High Priest (66–63 BC)
  • Antipater, Procurator (47–44 BC)
  • Antigonus, King and High Priest (40–37 BC)
  • Judea: Herodian dynasty (complete list) –
  • Herod the Great, client King under Rome (37–4 BC)
  • Nabataea (complete list) –
  • Aretas II, King (120/110–96 BC)
  • Obodas I, King (c.96–85 BC)
  • Aretas III, King (84–60/59 BC)
  • Obodas II, King (62/61–60/59 BC)
  • Malichus I, King (59–30 BC)
  • Obodas III, King (30–9 BC)
  • Aretas IV Philopatris, King (9/8 BC–39/40 AD)
  • Osroene (complete list) –
  • Bakru II, King (112–94 BC)
  • Ma'nu I, King (94 BC)
  • Abgar I, King (94–68 BC)
  • Abgar II, King (68–52 BC)
  • Ma'nu II, King (52–34 BC)
  • Paqor of, King (34–29 BC)
  • Abgar III, King (29–26 BC)
  • Abgar IV, King (26–23 BC)
  • Ma'nu III, King (23–4 BC)
  • Abgar V, King (4 BC–7 AD, 13–50)
  • Parthian Empire (complete list) –
  • Mithridates II, Great King, Shah (124–88 BC)
  • Gotarzes I, Great King, Shah (95–90 BC)
  • Orodes I, Great King, Shah (90–80 BC)
  • Sanatruces, Great King, Shah (77–70 BC)
  • Phraates III, Great King, Shah (70–57 BC)
  • Mithridates III, Great King, Shah (57–54 BC)
  • Orodes II, Great King, Shah (57–38 BC)
  • Pacorus I,§ Great King, Shah (51 BC)
  • Phraates IV, Great King, Shah (37–2 BC)
  • Tiridates II,§ Great King, Shah (32 BC)
  • Musa, Great Queen, Shah (2 BC–4 AD)
  • Phraates V, Great King, Shah (2 BC–4 AD)
  • Mithridates VI, King (120–63 BC)
  • Pharnaces II, client King under Rome (63–47 BC)
  • Darius, client King under Rome (39–37 BC)
  • Arsaces, client King under Rome (c.37 BC)
  • Polemon I, client King under Rome (37–8 BC)
  • Pythodorida, client Queen under Rome (8 BC–38 AD)
  • Seleucid Empire (complete list) –
  • Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, King (114–96 BC)
  • Seleucus VI Epiphanes, King (96–95 BC)
  • Antiochus X Eusebes, King (95–92/83 BC)
  • Antiochus XI Epiphanes, King (95–87 BC)
  • Demetrius III Eucaerus, King (95–92 BC)
  • Philip I Philadelphus, King (95–84/83 BC)
  • Antiochus XII Dionysus, King (87–84 BC)
  • Seleucus VII Kybiosaktes, King (83–69 BC)
  • Antiochus XIII Asiaticus, King (69–64 BC)
  • Philip II Philoromaeus, King (65–63 BC)

Europe[]

Europe: Balkans[]

  • Sapaean kingdom of Thrace (complete list) –
  • Odrysian kingdom of Thrace (complete list) –

Europe: British Isles[]

  • Atrebates (complete list) –
  • Catuvellauni (complete list) –

Europe: Central[]

  • Marcomanni (complete list) –
  • Maroboduus, King (9 BC–19 AD)

Europe: East[]

  • Dacia (complete list) –

Europe: South[]

  • Roman Republic (complete list) –
  • 100
  • 99
  • 98
  • 97
  • 96
  • 95
  • Lucius Licinius Crassus, Consul
  • Quintus Mucius Scaevola Pontifex, Consul
  • 94
  • 93
  • 92
  • 91
  • 90
  • 89
  • Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo, Consul
  • Lucius Porcius Cato, Consul
  • 88
  • Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Consul
  • Quintus Pompeius Rufus, Consul
  • 87
  • 86
  • Lucius Cornelius Cinna, Consul[23]
  • Gaius Marius, Consul
  • Lucius Valerius Flaccus, Suffect consul
  • 85
  • Lucius Cornelius Cinna, Consul
  • Gnaeus Papirius Carbo, Consul
  • 84
  • Gnaeus Papirius Carbo, Consul
  • Lucius Cornelius Cinna, Consul
  • 83
  • 82
  • Gaius Marius the Younger, Consul
  • Gnaeus Papirius Carbo, Consul
  • 81
  • 80
  • Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Consul
  • Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius, Consul
  • 79
  • 78
  • 77
  • 76
  • 75
  • 74
  • 73
  • 72
  • 71
  • 70
  • Pompey, Consul
  • Marcus Licinius Crassus, Consul
  • 69
  • Quintus Hortensius, Consul
  • Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus, Consul
  • 68
  • 67
  • 66
  • 65
  • 64
  • 63
  • Marcus Tullius Cicero, Consul
  • Gaius Antonius Hybrida, Consul
  • 62
  • 61
  • 60
  • Quintus Caecilius Metellus Celer, Consul
  • Lucius Afranius, Consul
  • 59
  • Julius Caesar, Consul
  • Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, Consul
  • 58
  • 57
  • Publius Cornelius Lentulus Spinther, Consul
  • Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos, Consul
  • 56
  • 55
  • Pompey, Consul
  • Marcus Licinius Crassus, Consul
  • 54
  • 53
  • 52
  • Pompey, Consul
  • Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica, Consul
  • 51
  • Servius Sulpicius Rufus, Consul
  • Marcus Claudius Marcellus, Consul
  • 50
  • 49
  • Julius Caesar, Dictator (49–44 BC)
  • Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, Triumvir of the Africa Province (43–36 BC)
  • Mark Antony, Triumvir of the East (43–27 BC)
  • Augustus/ Octavian, Triumvir of the West (43–27 BC)
  • Augustus/ Octavian, Principate, Emperor (27 BC–14 AD)

Eurasia: Caucasus[]

  • Kingdom of Armenia (complete list) –
Artaxiad Dynasty
non-dynastic
  • Kingdom of Iberia (Kartli) (complete list) –

References[]

  1. ^ Rajesh Kumar Singh (2013). Ajanta Paintings: 86 Panels of Jatakas and Other Themes. Hari Sena. pp. 15–16. ISBN 9788192510750.
  2. ^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires V, VI, VII, VIII and IX.
  3. ^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires X and XI.
  4. ^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires XII and XIII.
  5. ^ Atlas of Classical History by R. Talbert, 1989, page 63, "Getae under Cothelas"
  6. ^ Kurt W. Treptow and Ioan Bolovan in “A history of Romania - East European Monographs”, 1996, ISBN 9780880333450, page 17 "..Two inscriptions discovered at Histria indicate that Geto-Dacian rulers (Zalmodegikos and later Rhemaxos) continued to exercise control over that city-state around 200 BC ...."
  7. ^ The Hellenistic Age from the Battle of Ipsos to the Death of Kleopatra VII by Stanley M. Burstein, 1985, Index Rhemaxos Getic or Scythian ruler
  8. ^ Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, Index Dromichaetes, King of the Getians
  9. ^ Kurt W. Treptow and Ioan Bolovan in “A history of Romania - East European Monographs”, 1996, ISBN 9780880333450, page 17 "Two inscriptions discovered at Histria indicate that Geto-Dacian rulers (Zalmodegikos and later Rhemaxos) continued to exercise control over that city-state around 200 BC ...."
  10. ^ McGing B.C.: The foreign policy of Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus
  11. ^ Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, Index Rubobostes Dacian, King
  12. ^ Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 53, "Dacian, King Oroles"
  13. ^ Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 47, "Dicomes of the Getians"
  14. ^ The Roman History: The Reign of Augustus by Cassius Dio, Ian Scott-Kilvert, and John Carter, 1987, page 85: "... Then he completed their destruction with the help of Roles, the, King of a tribe of the Getae. When Roles visited Octavian, he was treated as a friend ..."
  15. ^ Cassius Dio. Roman History, Book LI. "While he was thus engaged, Roles, who had become embroiled with Dapyx, himself also, King of a tribe of the Getae, sent for him. Crassus went to his aid, and by hurling the horse of his opponents back upon their infantry he so thoroughly terrified the latter also that what followed was no longer a battle but a great slaughter of fleeing men of both arms. Next he cut off Dapyx, who had taken refuge in a fort, and besieged him. In the course of the siege someone hailed him from the walls in Greek, obtained a conference with him, and arranged to betray the place. The barbarians, thus captured, turned upon one another, and Dapyx was killed along with many others. His brother, however, Crassus took alive, and not only did him no harm but actually released him."
  16. ^ Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 48, "The Dacian, King Cotiso"
  17. ^ Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 146, "Zyraxes who ruled in Dobruja"
  18. ^ Studies in Ancient Greek and Roman Society by Robin Osborne, 2004, page 128: "... of its citizens, named Akornion, went on an embassy to Burebista, the first and greatest of the, Kings in Thrace..."
  19. ^ Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 72, "At least two of his successors Comosicus and Scorillo/Corilus/Scoriscus became high priests and eventually Dacian, Kings"
  20. ^ Barrett, Anthony A. (2002). Caligula: The Corruption of Power. Routledge. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-203-13776-5.
  21. ^ Pettinger, Andrew, The Republic in Danger: Drusus Libo and the Succession of Tiberius (2012), pg. 229
  22. ^ Syme, Ronald, The Augustan Aristocracy (1986), pg. 153
  23. ^ T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, Vol II, pg. 409
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