List of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1850)

Lists of state leaders by century: List of state leaders in the 17th century List of state leaders in the 18th century List of state leaders in the 19th century (1851–1900) List of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950)

See also: List of state leaders in the 19th-century Holy Roman Empire List of state leaders in 19th-century British south Asia subsidiary states List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century 19th century 20th century
Timelines:	18th century 19th century 20th century
State leaders:	18th century 19th century 20th century
Decades:	1800s 1810s 1820s 1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s
Categories:	Births – Deaths Establishments – Disestablishments

This is a list of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1850) AD, except for the leaders within British south Asia and its predecessor states, and those leaders within the Holy Roman Empire.

These polities are generally sovereign states, but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 19th century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.

Leaders of constituent states within the Holy Roman Empire, are excluded up to the time of German mediatisation (1801–1806), and found on this list of leaders in the 19th-century Holy Roman Empire.

Africa[]

Africa: Central[]

Angola

• Kasanje Kingdom (complete list) –

• Malenge a Ngonga, King (1792–c.1810)
• Kitumba kya Ngonga, King (c.1810–1820)
• Kansanje kya Kambolo, King (c.1820s)
• Kihengo kya Kambolo, King (early 1830s)
• Kamasa ka Kiwende, King (mid 1830s)
• Mbumba a Kinguri, King (c.1840–1850)
• Kalunga ka Kisanga, King (1850)

• Kingdom of Kongo (complete list) –

• Henrique II, King (1794–1803)
• Garcia V, King (1803–1830)
• André II, King (1830–1842)
• Henrique III, King (1842–1857)

• Kingdom of Matamba (complete list) –

• unknown son of Ana III, King (1810–?)

• Portuguese Angola, (complete list) –

Colony, 1575–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Cameroon

• Fondom of Bafut (complete list) –

• , King (1799–1852)

• Kingdom of Bamum (complete list) –

• , Mfon (1757–1814)
• , Mfon (1814–1817)
• , Mfon (1817–1818)
• , Mfon (1818–1865)

• Duala people (complete list) –

• , ruler (18th–early 19th century)
• , King (early 19th century)
• Ewonde a Kwane, Chief (early 19th century)
• , King (c.1814–1846)
• , Chief (19th century)
• , Chief (19th century)

• Kamerun (complete list) –

German colony, 1884–1916

For details see the German Empire under central Europe

Central African Republic

Chad

• Sultanate of Bagirmi (complete list) –

• ‘Abd ar-Rahman Gawrang, Mbangi (1785–1806)
• Malam Ngarmaba Bira, Mbangi (1806)
• ‘Uthman Burkomanda III al-Kabir, Mbangi (1806–1807)
• Malam Ngarmaba Bira, Mbangi (1807)
• ‘Uthman Burkomanda III al-Kabir, Mbangi (1807)
• Muhammad III, Mbangi (1807)
• ‘Uthman Burkomanda III al-Kabir, Mbangi (1807–1846)
• ‘Abdul Qadir II al-Mahdi, Mbangi (1846–1858)

• Wadai Empire (complete list) –

• Muhammad Salih Derret ibn Jawda, Kolak (1795–1803)
• Abd al-Karim Sabun, Kolak (1803–1813)
• Muhammad Busata ibn ‘Abd al-Karim, Kolak (1813–1813)
• Yusuf Kharifayn ibn ‘Abd al-Qadir, Kolak (1813–1829)
• Raqib ibn Yusuf ‘Abd al-Qadir, Kolak (1829–1829)
• Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Aziz Dhawiyi ibn Radama (1829–1835)
• Adham ibn Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Aziz, Kolak (1835–1835)
• ‘Izz ad-Din Muhammad al-Sharif ibn Salih Derret, Kolak (1835–1858)

Congo: Belgian; today, the Democratic Republic of the Congo

• Kuba Kingdom (complete list)^[1] –

• Kata Mbula, Nyim (1776–1810)
• Mikope Mbula, Nyim (1810–1840)
• Bope Mobinji, Nyim (1840–1885)

• Kingdom of Luba (complete list) –

• Ilunga Sungu, muLopwe (1780–1809)
• , muLopwe in rebellion (c.1800–?)
• , muLopwe (1809–1837)
• , usurper muLopwe (1837–1837)
• , muLopwe (1837–1864)

• Lunda Empire (complete list) –

• , Mwaant Yaav (c.1800–1852)

Congo: French; today, the Republic of the Congo

• Kingdom of Loango (complete list) –

• , King (early 19th century)
• , King (1840-c.1883)

Equatorial Guinea

• Spanish Guinea (complete list) –

Colony, 1778–1968

For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Gabon

• Kingdom of Orungu (complete list) –

• , Agamwinboni (1790–1810)
• , Agamwinboni (1810–1840)
• / , Agamwinboni (1840–1862)

São Tomé and Príncipe

• Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe (complete list) –

Colony, 1470–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Africa: East[]

Great Lakes area

Burundi

• Kingdom of Burundi (complete list) –

• Ntare IV, King (c.1796–c.1850)
• Mwezi IV, King (c.1850–1908)

Kenya

• Sultanate of Mombasa (complete list) –

Independence disputed with Oman

• , Sultan (1782–1811)
• , Sultan (1811–1823)

Omani Suzerainty

• , Sultan (1823–1826)

• Pate Sultanate (complete list) –

Nabahani dynasty

• Fumo Madi ibn Abi Bakr, Mfalume (1779–1809)
• , Mfalume (1809–1813)
• , Mfalume (1813–1818)
• , Mfalume (1818–?)
• , Mfalume (?–1823, ?)
• , Mfalume (1823–?, ?–1830)
• , Mfalume (1830–1840)
• , Mfalume (1840–1856)

Rwanda

• Kingdom of Rwanda (complete list) –

• Yuhi IV Gahindiro, King (1746–1802)
• Mutara II Rwogera, King (1802–1853)

South Sudan

• Shilluk Kingdom

• Nyokwejø, Rädh (c.1780–1820)

Tanzania

• Kingdom of Unyanyembe –

• , King (1840–1858)

Uganda

• Ankole (complete list) –

• , Omugabe (?–1811)
• , Omugabe (1811–?)
• , Omugabe (?–1839)
• , Omugabe (1839–1873)

• Buganda (complete list) –

• Semakookiro, Kabaka (c.1797-c.1814)
• Kamaanya, Kabaka (1814–1832)
• Suuna II, Kabaka (1832–1856)

• Bunyoro (complete list) –

• Nyamutukura Kyebambe III, Omukama (1786–1835)
• , Omukama (1835–1848)
• , Omukama (1848–1852)

Horn of Africa area

Djibouti

Eritrea

Ethiopia

• Ethiopian Empire (complete list) –

• Demetros, Emperor (1800–1801)
• Egwale Seyon, Emperor (1801–1818)
• Iyoas II, Emperor (1818–1821)
• Gigar, Emperor (1821–1826)
• Baeda Maryam III, Emperor (1826)
• Gigar, Emperor (1826–1830)
• Iyasu IV, Emperor (1830–1832)
• Gebre Krestos, Emperor (1832)
• Sahle Dengel, Emperor (1832)
• Gebre Krestos, Emperor (1832)
• Sahle Dengel, Emperor (1832–1840)
• Yohannes III, Emperor (1840–1841)
• Sahle Dengel, Emperor (1841–1845)
• Yohannes III, Emperor (1845)
• Sahle Dengel, Emperor (1845–1850)
• Yohannes III, Emperor (1850–1851)

• Sultanate of Aussa (complete list) –

• , Sultan (1779–1801)
• , Amoyta (1801–1832)
• , Amoyta (1832–1862)

• Kingdom of Garo (complete list) –

• , Tato (1790–1845)^[2]
• Ogata, Tato (1845–1865)

• Kingdom of Gera (complete list) –

• , Moti (?–c.1840)
• , Moti (c.1840)
• , Moti(c.1845–c.1860)

• Kingdom of Gomma (complete list)^[3] –

• Mijyu, Moti (?–c.1820)
• Abba Manno, Moti (c.1820–c.1840)
• Abba Bagibo, Moti (early 19th century)
• Abba Rebo, Moti (?–1856)

• Kingdom of Gumma (complete list)^[4] –

• , Moti, Founder (late 18th century)
• Oncho, Moti (c.1810)
• Jawe, Moti (c.1840–1854)

• Emirate of Harar (complete list) –

• Ahmad II ibn Muhammad, Emīr (1794–1821)
• `Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad, Emīr (1821–1825)
• `Abd al-Karim ibn Muhammad, Emīr (1825–1834)
• Abu Bakr II ibn `Abd al-Munan, Emīr (1834–1852)

• Kingdom of Jimma (complete list) –

• Abba Magal, Moti (c.1800)
• , Moti (early 19th century)
• Abba Jifar I, Moti (c.1830–c.1855)

• Kingdom of Kaffa (complete list)^[5] –

• Hoti Gaocho or Beshi Sheroch, King (1798–1821)
• Gaha Nechocho or Gali Sheroch, King (1821–1845)
• Gawi Nechocho or Haji Ginoch, King (1845–1854)

• Leqa Neqemte (complete list) –

• Bekere Godana, Moti (1841–1868)^[6]

• Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea (complete list) –

• Bofo, Abba Gomoli I, Supera (1800–1825)
• Ibsa, Abba Bagibo, Supera (1825–1861)

• Welayta: (complete list)^[7] –

• , Kawa (1800–1835)
• , Kawa (1835–1845)
• , Kawa (1845–1886)

Somalia

• Sultanate of the Geledi (complete list) –

• Mahamud Ibrahim, Sultan (mid-18th century–1828)^[8]
• Yusuf Mahamud Ibrahim, Sultan (1828–1848^[8][9]
• Ahmed Yusuf, Sultan (1848–1878)^[8]

• Majeerteen Sultanate (complete list) –

• Suldaan Maxamuud "Xawaadane" Suldaan Yuusuf Suldaan Cali, King (?–1815)
• Suldaan Cismaan "Bah-Dir" Suldaan Maxamuud Suldaan Yuusuf, King (1815–1842)
• Suldaan Yuusuf "Bah-Yaaquub" Suldaan Maxamuud Suldaan Yuusuf, King (1842–1844)
• Suldaan Maxamuud Suldaan Cismaan Suldaan Maxamuud, King (1844–1860)

• Warsangali Sultanate –

• Garaad Mohamud Ali, Sultan (1789–1830)
• Garaad Aul, Sultan (1830–1870)

• British Somaliland (complete list) –

Protectorate, 1884–1940, 1941–1960

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Indian Ocean

Comoros

• Sultanate of Mwali (complete list) –

• Ramanetaka, Sultan (1830–1842)
• Ravao, Tsivandini, Regent (1842–1849)
• Djoumbé Fatima, Queen/Sultan (1842–1865, 1874–1878)

• Sultanate of Ndzuwani (complete list) –

• Alawi bin Husain, Sultan (1796–1816)
• Abdallah bin Alawi, Sultan (1816–1832, 1833–1836)
• , Sultan (1832–1833)
• , Sultan (1836–1837)
• Salim bin Alawi, Sultan (1837–1852)

Madagascar

• Boina Kingdom (complete list) –

• Ravahiny, Queen (c.1778–1808)
• Tsimalomo, King (1808–c.1822)
• Maka (Andrianaresy), (pretender) King (1808)
• , King (1822–1832)
• Oantitsy, Regent (f) (1828–1829)
• Oantitsy, Queen (1832–1836)
• Tsiomeko, Queen (1836–1840)

• Merina Kingdom

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Andrianampoinimerina, King (1787–1810)
• Radama I, King (1810–1828)
• Ranavalona I, Queen (1828–1861)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Andriamihaja, Prime minister (1828–1833)
• Rainiharo, Prime minister (1833–1852)

Mauritius

• Isle de France (complete list) –

French colony, 1715–1810

For details see France under western Europe

• British Mauritius (complete list) –

Colony, 1810–1968

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Seychelles

• Colony of Seychelles

Part of British Mauritius, 1811–1903

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Africa: Northcentral[]

Libya

• Karamanli dynasty of Ottoman Tripolitania (complete list) –

• Yusuf Karamanli, Pasha (1795–1832)
• , Pasha (1832–1835)

Tunisia

• Beylik of Tunis

• Beys (complete list) –

• Hammuda ibn Ali, Bey (1782–1814)
• Uthman ibn Ali, Bey (1814)
• Mahmud ibn Muhammad, Bey (1814–1824)
• Al-Husayn II ibn Mahmud, Bey (1824–1835)
• Mustafa ibn Mahmud, Bey (1835–1837)
• Ahmad I ibn Mustafa, Bey (1837–1855)

• Grand viziers (complete list) –

• , Grand vizier (1815–1822)
• , Grand vizier (1822–1829)
• Rashid al-Shakir Sahib al-Taba'a, Grand vizier (1829–1837)
• Mustapha Khaznadar, Grand vizier (1837–1873)

Africa: Northeast[]

Egypt

• Khedivate of Egypt (complete list) –

• Muhammad Ali, Khedive (1805–1848)
• Ibrahim Pasha, Khedive (1848)
• Abbas Helmi I, Khedive (1848–1854)

Sudan

• Sultanate of Darfur (complete list) –

• , Sultan (1785/6–c.1801)
• , Sultan (c.1801–1838)
• , Sultan (1838–1873)

• Hamaj Regency of the Funj Sultanate

• Sultans (complete list) –

• , Sultan (1798–1804)^[10][11]
• , Sultan (1804–1805)
• Badi VII, Sultan (1805–1821)

• Regents (complete list) –

• , Regent (1798–1804)
• , Regent (1804–1805)

• Taqali (complete list) –

• Abakr I, Mukūk (1800–1820)
• Umar II, Mukūk (1800–1835)
• Ahmad, Mukūk (1835–1840)
• Maryud, Mukūk (1840–1843)
• Nasir, Mukūk (1843–c.1860)

Africa: Northwest[]

Algeria

• Ottoman Algeria (complete list) –

Vassal state, 1515–1830

For details see the Ottoman Empire under west Asia

• French Algeria (complete list) –

French Départements, 1830–1962

For details see France under western Europe

Morocco and Western Sahara

• Morocco: Alaouite dynasty (complete list) –

• Slimane, Sultan (1792–1822)
• Abd al-Rahman, Sultan (1822–1859)

Africa: South[]

Botswana

Eswatini/ Swaziland

• Kingdom of Eswatini (Swaziland)

• Kings (complete list) –

• Ndvungunye, King (1780–1815)
• Sobhuza I, King (1815–1839)
• Mswati II, King (1840–1868)

• tiNdlovukati (complete list) –

• Lomvula Mndzebele, Ndlovukati (1780–1815), Queen Regent (1815)
• Lojiba Simelane, Ndlovukati (1815–1840), Queen Regent (1836–1840)
• Tsandzile Ndwandwe, Ndlovukati (1840–1875), Queen Regent (1868–1875)

Lesotho

• Basutoland (complete list) –

• Moshoeshoe I, King or Paramount Chief (1822–1870)

Malawi

Mozambique

• Angoche Sultanate –

• , Sultan (1849–1861)

• Gaza Empire (complete list) –

• Soshangane, ruler (1825–1858)

• Portuguese Mozambique (complete list) –

Colony, 1498–1972

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Namibia

• Gciriku (complete list) –

• Shimwemwe (1785–1805)

South Africa

• Griqualand West –

• Andries Waterboer, Kaptijn (1820–1852)

• Mthethwa Paramountcy –

• , Chief (?–1806)
• Dingiswayo, Chief (1806–1817)

• Zulu Kingdom (complete list) –

• Senzangakhona kaJama, King (1781–1816)

• Cape Colony (complete list) –

British colony, 1795–1910

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Colony of Natal (complete list) –

British colony, 1843–1910

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Zambia

• Barotseland (complete list) –

• Mwananyanda Liwale, Mbumu wa Litunga (?–1812)
• Mulambwa Santulu, Mbumu wa Litunga (1812–1830)
• Silumelume, Mbumu wa Litunga (1830)
• Mubukwanu, Mbumu wa Litunga (1830–1838)
• Imasiku, Mbumu wa Litunga (1838)
• Sebetwane, Morêna (1838–1851)

• Kazembe –

• , Mwata (1760–1805)
• , Mwata (1805–1850)
• , Mwata (1850–1854)

• Ngoni (complete list) –

• Zwangendaba, Paramount Chief (1815–1848)
• Mpezeni I, Paramount Chief (1848–1900)

Zimbabwe

• Mthwakazi –

• Mzilikazi (1820–1868)

• Rozvi Empire (complete list) –

• Changamire Dhafa, King (c.1790–1824)
• Changamire Baswi, King (c.1825)
• Changamire Chirisamuru II, King (c.1828–1831)
• Changamire Tohwechipi Zharare, King (1831–1866)^[12]

Africa: West[]

Benin

• Kingdom of Agwe –

• , King (1812–1821)
• , King (1821–1833)
• , King (1833–1834)
• , King (1834–1844)
• , King (1844–1846)
• , King (1846–1858)

• Kingdom of Benin (complete list) –

• Akengbuda, Oba (1750–1804)^[13]
• Obanosa, Oba (1804–1816)
• Ogbebo, Oba (1816)
• Osemwende, Oba (1816–1848)
• Adolo, Oba (1848–1897)

See also Ovonramwen

• Dahomey (Dahomey kings, French presidents) –

Vassal of the Oyo Empire, 1740–1823

• Adandozan, King (1797–1818)
• Ghezo, King (1818–1858)

• Hogbonu (complete list) –

• , Ahosu (1794–1807)
• , Ahosu (1807–1816)
• , Ahosu (1816–1818)
• , Ahosu (1818–1828)
• , Ahosu (1828–1836)
• , Ahosu (1836–1848)
• , Ahosu (1848–1864)

• Ketu (Benin) (complete list) –

• Ajibolu, Oba of Ketu (1795–1816)

Burkina Faso

• Kingdom of Koala (complete list) –

• Baalisongi, King (?)^[14]
• Yencaari, King (c.1801–c.1809)^[15][16]
• Kalinkuma, King (?)^[14]
• Yenbuado, King (1818–?)^[17]
• Yensombu, King (?)^[14]
• Yentugri, King (?)^[14]

• Mossi Kingdom of Bilanga (complete list) –

• , Bilanbedo (?)
• , Bilanbedo (?)
• , Bilanbedo (?)

• Mossi Kingdom of (complete list) –

• Gmarba, ruler (c.19th century)
• Wori, ruler (c.19th century)
• Gamambu, ruler (c.19th century)
• Pangangri, ruler (c.19th century)
• Mabungu, ruler (c.19th century)
• Bandigoo, ruler (19th century)

• Mossi Kingdom of Gwiriko () –

• Magan Wule Wattara, ruler (1749–1809)
• Dramani, ruler (1809–1809)
• Dyori Wattara, ruler (1809–1839)
• Bako Moru Wattara, ruler (1839–1851)

• Mossi Kingdom of Liptako () –

• Brahima bi Saydu, Ja-oro (1758–1810)
• Brahima bi Saydu, Almami (1810–1817)
• Salifu bi Hama, Almami (1817–1832)
• Brahima Sori bi Hama, Almami (1832–1861)

• Mossi Kingdom of (complete list) –

• Yembuaro, Boopo (19th century)

• Mossi Kingdom of Nungu (complete list) –

• Baahamma, Nunbado (1791–1822)
• Yenhamma, Nunbado (1822–1831)
• Yencirima, Nunbado (1831–1843)
• Yencabri, Nunbado (1843–1846)
• Yempabu, Nunbado (1846–1856)

• Mossi Kingdom of Piéla (complete list) –

• Baahamma, Pielabedo (19th century)
• Yembuado, Pielabedo (19th century)
• Yentema, Pielabedo (19th century)
• Yentagima, Pielabedo (19th century–1836)
• Yembrima, Pielabedo (1836–1844)
• Yenkpaari, Pielabedo (1844–1851)

• Mossi Kingdom of Wogodogo (complete list) –

• Naaba Dulugu, Moogo-naaba (1783–1802)
• Naaba Sawadogo, Moogo-naaba (1802–1834)
• Naaba Karfo, Moogo-naaba (1834–1842)
• Naaba Baongo I, Moogo-naaba (1842–1850)
• Naaba Kutu I, Moogo-naaba (1850–1871)

• Mossi Kingdom of Yatenga (complete list) –

• Rima Naaba Saaga, Yatenga naaba (1787–1803)
• Rima Naaba Kaongo, Yatenga naaba (1803–1806)
• Rima Naaba Tuguri, Yatenga naaba (1806–1822)
• Naaba Koom I, Yatenga naaba (1822–1825)
• Naaba Korogo, Yatenga naaba (1825–1825)
• Naaba Ragongo, Yatenga naaba (1825–1831)
• Naaba Wobgo II, Yatenga naaba (1831–1831)
• Naaba Nyambe Moogo, Yatenga naaba (1831–1834)
• Rima Naaba Totebaldbo, Yatenga naaba (1834–1850)
• Rima Naaba Yemde, Yatenga naaba (1850–1877)

Cape Verde

• Portuguese Cape Verde (complete list) –

Colony, 1462–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Gambia

• Gambia Colony and Protectorate (complete list) –

British colony and protectorate, 1821–1965

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Kombo (complete list) –

• Suling Jatta, King (pre-1840–1855)^[18]
• Suling Jatta, King (1840–1855)

Ghana

• Kingdom of Ashanti (complete list) –

• Osei Kwame Panyin, Asantehene (1777–1803)
• , Asantehene (1803–1804)
• Osei Bonsu, Asantehene (1804–1824)
• Osei Yaw Akoto, Asantehene (1824–1834)
• Kwaku Dua I Panyin, Asantehene (1834–1867)

• Fante Confederacy (complete list) –
• Gold Coast (complete list) –

British colony, 1821–1957

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

• Portuguese Guinea (complete list) –

Colony, 1474–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Ivory Coast

• Gyaaman (complete list) –

• Biri Kofi Kadyo, Gyaamanhene (1790–1810)
• Kwadwo Adinkra Kadyo, Gyaamanhene (1810–1820)
• Fofie, Gyaamanhene (1820–1830)
• Kwasi Yeboa, Gyaamanhene (1830–1850)
• Kwadwo Agyeman, Gyaamanhene (1850–1895)

Liberia

• Republic of Maryland (complete list) –

• James Hall, Governor (1834–1836)
• Oliver Holmes, Jr., Governor (1836)
• Three-member Committee (1836)
• John Brown Russwurm, Governor (1836–1851)

• Colony of Liberia (1821–1847)
• Liberia (complete list) –

• Joseph Jenkins Roberts, President (1848–1856)

Mali

• Bamana Empire –

• Mansong Diarra, Faama (1795–1808)
• , Faama (1808–?)

• Toucouleur Empire

• El Hadj Umar Tall, ruler (1850–1864)

• Kénédougou Kingdom –

• , Faama (?–1876)
• Tieba Traoré, Faama (1876–1893)
• Babemba Traoré, Faama (1893–1898)

• Massina Empire –

• Seku Amadu, Almami (c.1818–1845)
• Amadu II of Masina, Almami (1845–1852)

Mauritania

Niger

• Sultanate of Damagaram (complete list) –

• Ahmadou dan Tanimoun, Sultan (1799–1812)
• Sulayman, Sultan (1812–1822)
• Ibrahim, Sultan (1843–1851)

• Dendi Kingdom: Askiya Dynasty (complete list) –

• Fodi Maÿroumfa, Askiya (1798–1805)^[19]
• Tomo, Askiya (1805–1823)
• Bassarou Missi Izé, Askiya (1823–1842)
• Boumi, Askiya (1842–1845)
• Koïzé Babba, Askiya (1845–1864)

• Dosso Kingdom (complete list) –

• Zarmakoy Gounabi, King (?)
• Zarmakoy Amirou, King (?)

Nigeria

• Adamawa Emirate –

• Modibo Adama, Baban-Lamido (1809–1847)
• Hamidu bi Adama, Regent (1847–?)
• Muhammadu Lawal, Baban-Lamido (1847–1872)

• Akwa Akpa (Old Calabar)^[20] –

• Ekpenyong Offiong Okoho, King (1786–1805)
• Ekpenyong Effiom Okoho Eyamba III, King (1805–1814)
• Effiom Edem Ekpo Effiom I Eyamba IV, King (1814–1834)
• Edem Ekpenyong Offiong Okoho Eyamba V, King (1834–1847)
• Effiom Okoho Asibong I Ekpo Minika, King (1849–1852)

• Aro Confederacy

• Okoro Idozuka, leader (early 19th-century)

• Kingdom of Bonny –

• Opubo Annie Pepple the Great, King (1792–1828)
• Adumtaye-Bereibibo Adapa Bristol-Alagbariya, King (1828–1830)
• William Dappa Pepple I, King (1830–1854, 1861–1866)

• Bornu Empire (Kanem–Bornu)

Sayfawa dynasty^[21]

• Ahmad, Mai (1792–1808)
• Dunama IX Lefiami, Mai (1808–1816)
• Muhammad VIII, Mai (1816–1820)
• Ibrahim IV of Bornu, Mai (1820–1846)
• Ali V Dalatumi, Mai (1846)

House of Kanemi

• Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi, Shehu (1809–1837)
• Umar, Shehu (1837–1853, 1854–1881)

• Egba Ake –

• Shodeke, ruler (1829–1845)
• Shomoye, Regent (1845–1846, 1862–1868)
• Okukenu, Regent (1846–1854), Alake (1854–1862)

• Sultanate of Kano (complete list) –

• Muhammad al-Walid, Sultan (1781–1805)

• Kano Emirate

• Emirs (complete list) –

• , Emir (1805–1819)
• Ibrahim Dabo dan Mahmudu, Emir (1819–1846)
• , Emir (1846–1855)

• Grand Viziers

• Muhammadu Bakatsine, Grand Vizier (1807–?)

• Gobir –

• Yakubu, Sultan (1795–1801)
• Muhamman Bunu Nafata, Sultan (1801–1803)
• Yunfa, Sultan (1803–1808)

• Ilorin Emirate –

• Abdusalami dan Salih Alimi, Emir (1824–1842)
• Shita dan Salih Alimi, Emir (1842–1860)

• Lagos (complete list) –

• Ologun Kutere, Oba (1780–1801)^[22] or until 1803^[23]
• Adele Ajosun, Oba (1811–1821, 1835–1837)^[24]
• Oṣinlokun Ajan(Oshinlokun, Eshinlokun) (1821–1829)^[22][23]
• Idewu Ojulari, Oba (1829–1832)^[25] or until 1835^[22]
• Oluwole, Oba (1837–1841)^[25][23][26]
• Akitoye, Oba (1841–1845, 1851–1853)^[25][26][27]
• Kosoko, Oba (1845–1851)^[25][22][27]

• Nembe Kingdom (complete list) –

• Kuko Mingi IV, King (1800–1832)
• Amain Mingi V, King (1832–1846)
• Kuki, King (1846)
• Kien Mingi VI, King (1846–1863)

• Kingdom of Nri (complete list) –

• , Eze Nri (1795–1886)

• Oyo Empire (complete list) –

• , Alaafin (1802–1830)
• , Alaafin (1830–1833)
• Oluewu, Alaafin (1833–1835)
• , Alaafin (1837–1859)

• Sokoto Caliphate

• Sultans (complete list) –
• Grand viziers (complete list) –

• Suleja Emirate (complete list) –

• Muhammadu Makau, Emir (1804–1825)
• Jatau "Abu Ja", Emir (1825–1851)

• Yauri Emirate –

• Muhammadu Dan Ayi dan Ahmadu Jerabana Albishir, Emir (1799–1829)
• Ibrahimu dan Muhammadu Dan Ayi, Emir (1829–1835)
• Jibrilu Gajeren Sarki dan Muhammadu Dan Ayi, Emir (1835–1844)
• Abu Bakr Jatau dan Mustafa Gazari, Emir (1844–1848)
• Jibrilu Gajeren Sarki dan Muhammadu Dan Ayi, Emir (1848–1849)
• Ya`quba dan Jibrilu Gajeren Sarki, Emir (1849–1850)
• Sulaymanu Dan Addo dan Ibrahimu, Emir (1850–1871)

• Lagos Colony (complete list) –

British colony, 1821–1957

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Senegal

• Cayor (complete list) –

• Amari Ngone Ndèla Kumba Fal, Damel (1790–1809)
• Biram Fatma Cub Fal, Damel (1809–1832)
• Maysa Tènde Jor Samba Fal, Damel (1832–1855)

• Imamate of Futa Toro (complete list) –

• Abdelkedir, Almaami (1776–1804)
• unknown Almaami (1804–1859)

• Kingdom of Jolof (complete list) –

• , Buur-ba (1800–1818)
• , Buur-ba (1818–1838)
• , Buur-ba (1838–1845)
• , Buur-ba (1845–1847)
• , Buur-ba (1847–1849)
• , Buur-ba (1849)
• , Buur-ba (1849)
• , Buur-ba (1849)
• , Buur-ba (1850–1855)

• Saloum (complete list) –

• Balleh N'Gougou N'Dao (or Ballé Khordia Ndao), Maad Saloum (1825–1853)^[28]

• Kingdom of Sine (complete list) –

• Gejopal Mane Niane Joof, Maad a Sinig (?–1825)^[29]
• Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof, Maad a Sinig (1825–1853)

• Waalo (complete list) –

• Njak Kumba Xuri Yay Mboj, King (1795–1805)
• Saayodo Yaasin Mboj, King (1805–1810)
• Kuli Mbaaba Mboj, King (1810–1816)
• Amar Faatim Mborso Mboj, King (1816–1825)
• Yerim Mbañik Teg-Rella Mboj, King (1825–1827)
• , King (1827–1830)
• , King (1830–1832)
• Fara Penda Adam Sal Mboj, King (1832–1833)
• Xerfi Xari Daaro, King (1833–1835)
• Fara Penda Adam Sal Mboj, King (1835–1840)
• Mö Mboj Maalik Mboj, King (1840–1855)^[30]

Sierra Leone

• Kingdom of Koya (complete list) –

• Farima IV, Bai (1793–1807)
• Foki, Bai (1807–1817)
• Moriba Kindo Bangura, Bai (1817–1825)
• Kunia Banna, Bai (1825–1826)
• Fatima Brima Kama, Bai-Queen (1826–1840)
• Moribu Kindo, Bai (1840–1859)

• Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate, British colony (complete list) –

British colony and protectorate, 1808–1961

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Togo

Americas[]

Americas: Caribbean[]

Antigua

• Colonial Antigua (complete list) –

British colony, 1632–1981

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

The Bahamas

• Colony of the Bahamas (complete list) –

British colony, 1648–1973

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Barbados

• Colonial Barbados (complete list) –

British colony, 1625–1966

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Cuba

• Captaincy General of Cuba (complete list) –

Spanish Colony, 1607–1898

For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Dominica

• British Dominica (complete list) –

British Colony, 1763–1978

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

• Colonial Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (complete list) –

British Colony, 1763–1979

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Dominican Republic

• First Dominican Republic (complete list) –

• Tomás Bobadilla, Manuel Jimenes, Carlos Moreno, , , Francisco del Rosario Sanchez, Matias Ramon Mella, , , , , Juan Pablo Duarte, Central Government Board (1844)

• Pedro Santana, President (1844–1848)

• , , , Manuel Jimenes, Council of Secretaries of State (1848)

• Manuel Jimenes, President (1848–1849)
• Buenaventura Báez, President (1849–1853)

Haiti

• Saint-Domingue (complete list) –

French Colony, 1625–1804

For details see France in western Europe

• First Empire of Haiti (complete list) –

• Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Emperor (1804–1806)

• State of Haiti (complete list) –

• Henri Christophe, President (1806–1811), King (1811–1820)

• Kingdom of Haiti (complete list) –

• Henri Christophe, President (1806–1811), King (1811–1820)

• Republic of Haiti (1806–1820) (complete list) –

• Bruno Blanchet, Acting President (1807)
• Alexandre Pétion, President (1807–1818)
• Jean-Pierre Boyer, President (1818–1843)

• Republic of Haiti (1820–1849) (complete list) –

• Jean-Pierre Boyer, President (1818–1843)
• Charles Rivière-Hérard, President (1843–1844)
• Philippe Guerrier, President (1844–1845)
• Jean-Louis Pierrot, President (1845–1846)
• Jean-Baptiste Riché, President (1846–1847)
• Faustin Soulouque, President (1847–1849), Emperor (1849–1859)

Netherlands

• Curaçao and Dependencies (complete list) –

Dutch colony 1634–1828, 1845–1954

For details see the Netherlands under western Europe

Saint Lucia

• French Saint Lucia (complete list) –

French colony, 1762–1802

For details see France in western Europe

• Colonial Saint Lucia (complete list) –

British colony, 1802–1979

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Trinidad and Tobago

• Colonial Trinidad and Tobago (complete list) –

British colony, 1797–1962

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Americas: Central[]

Belize

• Black River Settlements (complete list) –

British colony, 1749–1862

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Costa Rica

• Free State of Costa Rica (complete list) –

• Juan Mora Fernández, Head of State (1825–1833)
• José Rafael Gallegos, Head of State (1833–1835)
• Braulio Carrillo Colina, Head of State (1835–1837)
• Juan Mora Fernández, Head of State (1837)
• Manuel Aguilar Chacón, Head of State (1837–1838)
• Braulio Carrillo Colina, Head of State (1838–1842)
• Francisco Morazán, Head of State (1842)
• António Pinto Soares, Head of State (1842)
• José María Alfaro Zamora, Head of State (1842–1844)
• Francisco María Oreamuno Bonilla, Head of State (1844)
• José Rafael Gallegos, Head of State (1845–1846)
• José María Alfaro Zamora, Head of State (1846–1847)
• José Castro Madriz, Head of State (1847–1848), President (1848–1849)

• First Costa Rican Republic (complete list) –

• José Castro Madriz, Head of State (1847–1848), President (1848–1849)
• Miguel Mora Porras, President (1849)
• Juan Mora Porras, President (1849–1859)

El Salvador

• El Salvador (complete list) –

• Juan Lindo, Provisional President (1841–1842)
• José Escolástico Marín, Acting President (1842)
• Juan José Guzmán, President (1842–1844)
• Fermín Palacios, Acting President (1844)
• Francisco Malespín, President (1844–1845)
• Joaquín Eufrasio Guzmán, President (1845–1846)
• Fermín Palacios, Acting President (1846)
• Eugenio Aguilar, President (1846–1848)
• Tomás Medina, Acting President (1848)
• José Félix Quirós, Acting President (1848)
• Doroteo Vasconcelos, President (1848–1850)
• Ramón Rodríguez, Acting President (1850)
• Doroteo Vasconcelos, President (1850–1851)

Guatemala

• Captaincy General of Guatemala (complete list) –

Spanish Colony, 1609–1821

For details see Spain in southwest Europe

• Federal Republic of Central America (complete list) –

• Gabino Gaínza, Chief Political Officer (1821–1822)
• Vicente Filisola, Chief Political Officer (1823)
• Pedro Molina Mazariegos, Antonio Rivera Cabezas, Juan Vicente Villacorta Díaz, First Triumvirate (1823)
• , Triumvir (1823–1824)
• Juan Vicente Villacorta Díaz, Triumvir (1823–1824)
• Tomas O'Horan, Triumvir (1823–1825)
• José Cecilio del Valle, Triumvir (1824–1825)
• Manuel José Arce, Triumvir (1824)
• , Triumvir (1824–1825)
• Manuel José Arce, President (1825–1829)
• Mariano Beltranena y Llano, Interim President (1829)
• José Francisco Barrundia, Interim President (1829–1830)
• Francisco Morazán, President (1830–1834, 1835–1839)
• José Gregorio Salazar, Interim President (1834–1835)
• Diego Vigil Cocaña, Interim President (1839–1840)

• Los Altos (es:complete list) –

• Marcelo Molina, President (1838–1840)
• Fernando Antonio Davila, President (1848)
• José Velazco, President (1848)
• Rafael de la Torre, President (1848)
• Agustín Guzmán, President (1848)
• Fernando Antonio Martínez, President (1848)

• Republic of Guatemala (complete list) –

• Mariano Rivera Paz, Head of State (1839–1842)
• , Acting Head of State (1842)
• Mariano Rivera Paz, Head of State (1842–1844)
• Rafael Carrera, Head of State (1844–1847)
• Rafael Carrera, President (1847–1848)
• Juan Antonio Martínez, Acting President (1848)
• José Bernardo Escobar, Acting President (1848–1849)
• Mariano Peredes, Acting President (1849–1851)

Honduras

• Honduras (complete list) –

• Juan Francisco de Molina, President (1839)
• Felipe Neri Medina, Acting President (1839)
• Juan José Alvarado, Acting President (1839)
• José María Guerrero, Acting President (1839)
• Mariano Garrigó, Acting President (1839)
• José María Bustillo, Acting President (1839)
• Council of Ministers, (1839)
• Francisco Zelaya y Ayes, Acting President (1839–1841)
• Francisco Ferrera, President (1841–1842)
• Council of Ministers, (1843)
• Francisco Ferrera, President (1843–1844)
• Council of Ministers, (1845)
• Coronado Chávez, President (1845–1847)
• Council of Ministers, (1847)
• Juan Lindo, President (1847–1852)

Nicaragua

• Miskito Coast (complete list) –

• George II Frederic, King (1776–1801)
• George Frederic Augustus I, King (1801–1824)
• Robert Charles Frederic, King (1824–1842)
• George Augustus Frederic II, King (1842–1865)

• Nicaragua (complete list) –

• José Núñez, Supreme Director (1838–1839)
• Evaristo Rocha, Acting Supreme Director (1839)
• Patricio Rivas, Acting Supreme Director (1839)
• Joaquín del Cosío, Acting Supreme Director (1839)
• Hilario Ulloa, Acting Supreme Director (1839)
• Tomás Valladares, Acting Supreme Director (1839–1840)
• Patricio Rivas, Acting Supreme Director (1840–1841)
• Pablo Buitrago, Supreme Director (1841–1843)
• Juan de Dios Orozco, Acting Supreme Director (1843)
• Manuel Pérez, Supreme Director (1843–1844)
• Emiliano Madriz, Acting Supreme Director (1844–1845)
• Silvestre Selva, Acting Supreme Director, in dissidence (1844–1845)
• Manuel Antonio Blas Sáenz, Acting Supreme Director, in dissidence (1845)
• José León Sandoval, Supreme Director (1845–1847)
• Miguel Ramón Morales, Acting Supreme Director (1847)
• José María Guerrero de Arcos y Molina, Supreme Director (1847–1849)
• Toribio Terán, Acting Supreme Director (1849)
• Benito Rosales, Acting Supreme Director (1849)
• Norberto Ramírez Áreas, Supreme Director (1849–1851)

Americas: North[]

Canada

• Newfoundland Colony (complete list) –

British colony, 1610–1907

• Upper Canada (complete list) –

British colony, 1791–1841

• Lower Canada (complete list) –

British colony, 1791–1841

• Province of Canada (complete list) –

British colony, 1841–1867

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Mexico

• Viceroyalty of New Spain (complete list) –

Spanish Colony, 1521–1821

For details see Spain in southwest Europe

• First Mexican Empire (complete list) –

• First Regency: Agustín de Iturbide, Juan O'Donojú, Antonio Pérez Martínez, Manuel de la Barcéna, José Isidro Yañez, Manuel Velázquez de León (1821–1822)
• Second Regency: Agustín de Iturbide, José Isidro Yañez, Miguel Valentín, Manuel de Heras, Nicolás Bravo (1822)
• Agustín I, Emperor (1822–1823)

• Provisional Government of Mexico (1823–24) (complete list) –

• Nicolás Bravo, Guadalupe Victoria, Pedro Celestino Negrete, Mariano Michelena, Miguel Domínguez, Vicente Guerrero, Members (1823–1824)

• First Mexican Republic (complete list) –

• Guadalupe Victoria, President (1824–1829)
• Vicente Guerrero, President (1829)
• José María Bocanegra, President (1829)
• Pedro Vélez, President (1829)
• Anastasio Bustamante, President (1830–1832)
• Melchor Múzquiz, President (1832)
• Manuel Gómez Pedraza, President (1832–1833)
• Valentín Gómez Farías, President (1833)
• Santa Anna, President (1833)
• Valentín Gómez Farías, President (1833)
• Santa Anna, President (1833)
• Valentín Gómez Farías, President (1833)
• Santa Anna, President (1833)
• Valentín Gómez Farías, President (1833–1834)
• Santa Anna, President (1834–1835)
• Miguel Barragán, President (1835)

• Centralist Republic of Mexico (complete list) –

• Miguel Barragán, President (1835–1836)
• José Justo Corro, President (1836–1837)
• Anastasio Bustamante, President (1837–1839)
• Santa Anna, Interim President (1839)
• Nicolás Bravo, President (1839)
• Anastasio Bustamante, President (1839–1841)
• Francisco Javier Echeverría, President (1841)
• Santa Anna, Provisional President (1841–1842)
• Nicolás Bravo, President (1842–1843)
• Santa Anna, Provisional President (1843)
• Valentín Canalizo, President (1843–1844)
• Santa Anna, Provisional President (1844)
• José Joaquín de Herrera, President (1844)
• Valentín Canalizo, President (1844)
• José Joaquín de Herrera, President (1844–1845)
• Mariano Paredes, President (1845)
• Nicolás Bravo, President (1846)
• José Mariano Salas, President (1846)

• Republic of Yucatán (complete list) –

• Santiago Méndez, President (1840–1841)
• Miguel Barbachano, President (1841–1842)
• Santiago Méndez, President (1842)
• Miguel Barbachano, President (1842–1843)
• Santiago Méndez, President (1843–1844)
• Miguel Barbachano, President (1844)
• José Tiburcio López Constante, President (1844–1846)
• Miguel Barbachano, President (1846–1847)
• Domingo Barret, President (1847)
• Santiago Méndez, President (1847)
• Miguel Barbachano, President (1847–1848)

• Second Federal Republic of Mexico (complete list) –

• José Mariano Salas, President (1846)
• Valentín Gómez Farías, President (1846–1847)
• Santa Anna, Interim President (1847)
• Pedro María de Anaya, President (1847)
• Santa Anna, Interim President (1847)
• Manuel de la Peña y Peña, President (1847)
• Pedro María de Anaya, President (1847–1848)
• Manuel de la Peña y Peña, President (1848)
• José Joaquín de Herrera, President (1848–1851)

United States

• United States (complete list) –

• John Adams, President (1797–1801)
• Thomas Jefferson, President (1801–1809)
• James Madison, President (1809–1817)
• James Monroe, President (1817–1825)
• John Quincy Adams, President (1825–1829)
• Andrew Jackson, President (1829–1837)
• Martin Van Buren, President (1837–1841)
• William Henry Harrison, President (1841)
• John Tyler, President (1841–1845)
• James K. Polk, President (1845–1849)
• Zachary Taylor, President (1849–1850)
• Millard Fillmore, President (1850–1853)

• California Republic –

• William B. Ide, Commander (1846)

• Cherokee Nation (complete list) –

• Little Turkey, First Beloved Man (1788–1794), Principal Chief (1794–1801)
• Black Fox, Principal Chief (1801–1811)
• Pathkiller, Principal Chief (1811–1828)
• Big Tiger, dissident Chief (1824–1828)
• Charles R. Hicks, Principal Chief (1827)
• William Hicks, Principal Chief (1827–1828)
• John Ross, Principal Chief (1828–1866)

• Republic of Indian Stream –

• Luther Parker, Justice of the Peace (1832−1835)

• State of Muskogee –

• William Augustus Bowles, Director General (1799–1803)

• Republic of the Rio Grande –

• Jesús de Cárdenas, President (1840)

• Republic of Texas (complete list) –

• David G. Burnet, interim President (1836)
• Sam Houston, President (1836−1838, 1841−1844)
• Mirabeau B. Lamar, President (1838–1841)
• Anson Jones, President (1844−1846)

• Republic of West Florida –

• Fulwar Skipwith, Governor (1810)

Americas: South[]

Argentina

• Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (complete list) –

Spanish Colony, 1776–1814

For details see Spain in southwest Europe

• United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (complete list) –

• Primera Junta (1810)
• Junta Grande (1810−1811)
• Feliciano Chiclana, Juan José Paso, Manuel de Sarratea, First Triumvirate (1811−1812), Juan Martín de Pueyrredón, replacement for Paso (1812)
• Juan José Paso, Nicolás Rodríguez Peña, Antonio Álvarez Jonte, Second Triumvirate (1812−1814)
• Gervasio Antonio de Posadas, Supreme Director (1814–1815)^[31]
• Carlos María de Alvear, Supreme Director (1815)^[32]
• Juan José Viamonte, Supreme Director (1815)
• José de San Martín, Matías de Irigoyen, Manuel de Sarratea, Third Triumvirate (1815)
• José Rondeau, Supreme Director (1815)^[33]
• Ignacio Álvarez Thomas, Acting Director (1815–1816)^[34]
• Antonio González de Balcarce, Supreme Director (1816)^[35]
• Juan Martín de Pueyrredón, Supreme Director (1816–1819)^[36]
• José Rondeau, Supreme Director (1819–1820)^[37]
• Juan Pedro Aguirre, Interim (1820)
• Bernardino Rivadavia, President (1826−1827)
• Vicente López y Planes, interim president (1827)^[38]
• Manuel Dorrego, governor managing international relations (1827–1828)^[39]
• Juan Lavalle, interim governor managing international relations (1828–1829)^[40]
• Juan José Viamonte, governor managing international relations (1829)^[41]
• Juan Manuel de Rosas, governor managing international relations (1829–1831)^[42]

• Republic of Entre Ríos –

• Francisco Ramírez, Supreme Chief (1820–1821)

• Argentine Confederation (complete list) –

• Juan Manuel de Rosas, Governor of Buenos Aires Province (1829–1832, 1835–1852)
• Juan Ramón Balcarce, Governor of Buenos Aires Province (1832–1833)
• Juan José Viamonte, Governor of Buenos Aires Province (1832–1833)
• Manuel Vicente Maza, Governor of Buenos Aires Province (1834–1835)

Bolivia

• Republic of Bolivia (complete list) –

• Simón Bolívar, Liberator of Bolivia (1825)
• Antonio José de Sucre, Liberator of Bolivia (1825–1826), President (1826–1828)
• José María Pérez de Urdininea, President (1828)
• José Miguel de Velasco Franco, Acting President (1828)
• Pedro Blanco Soto, Provisional President (1828–1829)
• José Miguel de Velasco Franco, Acting President (1829)
• Andrés de Santa Cruz

• Provisional President (1829–1831), President (1831–1839)
• Supreme Protector of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839)

• José Miguel de Velasco Franco, Provisional Supreme Chief (1839), Provisional President (1839–1840), President (1840–1841)
• Sebastián Ágreda, Provisional Chief (1841)
• Mariano Calvo, Acting President (1841)
• José Ballivián, Provisional President (1841–1844), President (1844–1847)
• Eusebio Guilarte Vera, Interim President (1847–1848)
• José Miguel de Velasco Franco, Provisional President (1848)
• Manuel Isidoro Belzu, Provisional President (1848–1850), President (1850–1855)

Brazil

• Colonial Brazil (complete list) –

Portuguese colony, 1500/1534–1808

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

• Kingdom of Brazil (complete list) –

• Maria I, Queen (1815–1816)
• John VI, King (1816–1822)

• Empire of Brazil (complete list) –

• Pedro I, Emperor (1822–1831)
• Pedro II, Emperor (1831–1889)

Chile

• Captaincy General of Chile (complete list) –

Spanish Colony, 1541–1818

For details see Spain in southwest Europe

• Kingdom of Chile (complete list) –

First Government Junta

• Mateo de Toro y Zambrano, President (1810–1811)
• Juan Martínez de Rozas, Interim President (1811)
• Fernando Márquez de la Plata, President (1811)

First National Congress

• Juan Antonio Ovalle, President (1811)
• Martín Calvo Encalada, President (1811), President of the Provisional Executive Authority (1811)
•  [es], President of the (1811)

Provisional Government Junta

• José Miguel Carrera, President (1811), of the Provisional Supreme Authority (1811–1812), (1812)
•  [es], President (1812)
•  [es], President (1812)
• José Miguel Carrera, President (1812–1813)
• Juan José Carrera, President (1813)

Superior Governmental Junta

• Francisco Antonio Pérez, President (1813)
• José Miguel Infante, President (1813–1814)
• Agustín Eyzaguirre, President (1814)

Supreme Director of Chile

• Antonio José de Irisarri, Supreme Director (1814)
• Francisco de la Lastra, Supreme Director (1814)
• José Miguel Carrera, Supreme Director (1814)

• Captaincy General of Chile: Reconquest of Chile (complete list) –

Spanish Colony, 1541–1818

For details see Spain in southwest Europe

• Estado de Chile (complete list) –

• Bernardo O'Higgins, Supreme Director (1817–1823)
• Agustín Eyzaguirre, President of the Government Junta (1823)
• Ramón Freire, Interim Supreme Director (1823–1826)

• Conservative Republic of Chile (complete list) –

• Manuel Blanco Encalada, President (1826)
• Agustín Eyzaguirre, President (1827)
• Ramón Freire, President (1827)
• Francisco Antonio Pinto, President (1827–1829)
• José Tomás Ovalle, President (1829–1831)
• Fernando Errázuriz Aldunate, President (1831)
• José Joaquín Prieto, President (1831–1841)
• Manuel Bulnes, President (1841–1851)

Colombia

• Viceroyalty of New Granada (complete list) –

Spanish Colony, 1717–1723, 1739–1810, 1815–1821

For details see Spain in southwest Europe

• United Provinces of New Granada (complete list) –

• José Miguel Pey, President of the Supreme Governing Junta (1810–1811)

• Gran Colombia (complete list) –

• Simón Bolívar, President (1819–1830)
• Joaquín Mosquera, President (1830, 1831)
• Rafael Urdaneta, President (1830–1831)

• Republic of New Granada (complete list) –

• Francisco de Paula Santander, President (1832–1837)
• José Ignacio de Márquez, President (1837–1841)
• Pedro Alcántara Herrán, President (1841–1845)
• Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera, President (1845–1849)
• José Hilario López, President (1849–1853)

Ecuador

• Republic of Ecuador (complete list) –

• Juan José Flores, Jéfe Supremo (1830), President (1830–1834)
• Vicente Rocafuerte, Jéfe Supremo of Guayas (1834–1835), Jéfe Supremo Chief of the State (1835), President (1835–1839)
• Juan José Flores, President (1839–1843), President (1843–1845)
• José Joaquín de Olmedo, Head of Provisional Government (1845)
• Vicente Ramón Roca, President (1845–1849)
• Manuel de Ascásubi, Interim President (1849–1850)
• Diego Noboa, Interim President (1850–1851), President (1851)

Guyana

• British Guiana (complete list) –

British colony, 1814–1966

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Paraguay

• Republic of Paraguay (complete list) –

• Junta, President of the Superior Governing Junta (1811)
• Fulgencio Yegros, President of the Superior Governing Junta (1811–1813)
• José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, Consul (1813–1814)
• Fulgencio Yegros, Consul (1814)
• José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, Consul (1814)
• José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, Supreme Dictator (1814–1840)
• Manuel Antonio Ortiz, President of the Provisional Junta (1840–1841)
• Juan José Medina, President of the Provisional Junta (1841)
• Mariano Roque Alonzo, President of the Provisional Junta (1841)
• Carlos Antonio López, Consul (1841–1844)
• Mariano Roque Alonzo, Consul (1841–1844)
• Carlos Antonio López, President (1844–1862)

Peru

• Viceroyalty of Peru (complete list) –

Spanish Colony, 1542–1824

For details see Spain in southwest Europe

• Protectorate of Peru (complete list) –

• José de San Martín, Protector of Peru (1821–1822)

• Republic of Peru (complete list) –

• Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro, Interim caretaker (1822)
• José La Mar, President of the Government Junta (1822–1823)
• José Bernardo de Tagle, President of the Government Junta (1823)
• José de la Riva Agüero, President (1823)
• Antonio José de Sucre, President (1823)
• José Bernardo de Tagle, Supreme Delegate (1823–1824)
• Simón Bolívar, President (1824–1827)
• Andrés de Santa Cruz, President of the Government Council (1827)
• Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano, Interim caretaker (1827)
• José de la Mar, President (1827–1829)
• Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente, President (1829)
• Agustín Gamarra, President (1829–1833)
• Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro, Interim caretaker (1833)
• Luis José de Orbegoso, President (1833, 1834–1835, 1836)
• Pedro Pablo Bermúdez, Provisional Supreme Ruler (1833–1834)
• Felipe Santiago Salaverry, Supreme Legislator (1835–1836)

• Peru–Bolivian Confederation –

• Andrés de Santa Cruz, Supreme Protector (1836–1839)

• Republic of Peru (complete list) –

• Agustín Gamarra, President (1838–1841)
• Manuel Menéndez, President of the Government Council (1841–1842)
• Juan Crisóstomo Torrico, President (1842)
• Juan Francisco de Vidal, (1842–1843)
• Justo Figuerola, President (1843)
• Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco, President (1843–1844)
• Domingo Nieto, President of the Government Junta - Grand Marshal of Peru (1843–1844)
• Ramón Castilla, President (1844)
• Domingo Elías, President (1844)
• Manuel Menéndez, President of the Government Council (1844)
• Justo Figuerola, President (1844)
• Manuel Menéndez, President of the Government Council (1844–1845)
• Ramón Castilla, President (1845–1851)

Suriname

• Dutch Surinam (complete list) –

Dutch colony 1667–1954

For details see the Netherlands under western Europe

Uruguay

• Liga Federal –

• José Gervasio Artigas, Protector (1815–1820)

• Oriental Republic of Uruguay (complete list) –

• Fructuoso Rivera, President (1830–1834)
• Carlos Anaya, Acting (1834–1835)
• Manuel Oribe, President (1835–1838)
• Gabriel Antonio Pereira, Acting (1838–1839)
• Fructuoso Rivera, President (1839–1843)
• Manuel Oribe, Disputed with Joaquín Suárez (1843–1851)

Venezuela

• First Republic of Venezuela –

• Francisco de Miranda, President (1811–1812)

• Second Republic of Venezuela –

• Simón Bolívar, President (1813–1814)

• Third Republic of Venezuela –

• Simón Bolívar, President (1817–1819)

• State of Venezuela (complete list) –

• José Antonio Páez, President (1830–1835)
• Andrés Narvarte, Interim President (1835)
• José María Vargas, President (1835)
• José María Carreño, Interim President (1835)
• José María Vargas, President (1835–1836)
• Andrés Narvarte, President (1836–1837)
• José María Carreño, Interim President (1837)
• Carlos Soublette, President (1837–1839)
• José Antonio Páez, President (1839–1843)
• Carlos Soublette, President (1843–1847)
• José Tadeo Monagas, President (1847–1851)

Asia[]

Asia: Central[]

Kazakhstan

• Kazakh Khanate (complete list) –

• Kenesary, Khan (1841–1847)

• Junior zhuz (complete list) –

• , Khan (1797–1805)
• , Khan (1805–1824)

• Bukey Horde (complete list) –

• , Khan (1801–1815)
• , Khan (1815–1823)
• Zhangir, Khan (1823–1845)

• Middle zhuz (complete list) –

• , Khan (1781–1819)
• , Khan (1819–1822)

Tibet

• Tibet under Qing rule (Qing emperors / Dalai Lamas) –

Manchu overlordship, 1720–1912

For details see the Qing dynasty under Eastern Asia

Uzbekistan

• Khanate of Kokand –

• Narbuta Bey, Khan (c.1764–1801)
• Alim, Khan (1800–1810)
• Muhammad Umar, Khan (1810–1822)
• Muhammad Ali, Khan (1822–1842)
• Shir Ali, Khan (1842–1845)
• Murad Beg, Khan (1845)
• Muhammad Khudayar, Khan (1845–1858)

• Khanate of Khiva (complete list) –

• Abu al-Ghazi IV, Khan (1790–1802)
• Abu al-Ghazi V ibn Gha'ib, Khan (1802–1804)
• Iltazar Inaq ibn Iwaz Inaq, Khan (1804–1806)
• Muhammad Rahim Bahadur I.(1806–1825)
• Allah Quli Bahadur, Khan (1825–1842)
• Muhammad Rahim Quli, Khan (1842–1846)
• Abu al-Ghazi Muhammad Amin Bahadur, Khan (1846–1855)

• Emirate of Bukhara –

• , Amir (1785–1800)
• , Amir (1800–1826)
• , Amir (1826–1827)
• , Amir (1827)
• Nasr-Allah bin Haydar Tora, Amir (1827–1860)

Asia: East[]

China

• Qing dynasty (complete list) –

• Jiaqing, Emperor (1796–1820)
• Daoguang, Emperor (1820–1850)
• Xianfeng, Emperor (1850–1861)

Japan

• Tokugawa shogunate of Japan

• Emperors (complete list) –

• Kōkaku, Emperor (1780–1817)
• Ninkō, Emperor (1817–1846)
• Kōmei, Emperor (1846–1867)

• Shōgun (complete list) –

• Tokugawa Ienari, Shōgun (1787–1837)
• Tokugawa Ieyoshi, Shōgun (1837–1853)

• Ryukyu Kingdom: Second Shō Dynasty –

Vassal state of Satsuma Domain, 1609–1872

• Shō On, King (1795–1802)
• Shō Sei, King (1802–1803)
• Shō Kō, King (1804–1828)
• Shō Iku, Regent (1828–1835), King (1835–1847)
• Shō Tai, King (1848–1879), Vassal state of the Empire of Japan, 1872–1879

Korea

• Joseon (complete list) –

• Sunjo, King (1800–1834)
• Heonjong, King (1834–1849)

Asia: Southeast[]

Brunei

• Bruneian Empire (complete list) –

• , Sultan (1778–1804, 1804–1807)
• , Sultan (1804)
• , Sultan (1807–1826)
• , Sultan (1826–1828)
• Omar Ali Saifuddin II, Sultan (1828–1852)

Cambodia

• Kingdom of Cambodia: Middle Period (complete list) –

• Ang Chan, King (1806–1834)
• Ang Mey, King (1834–1841)
• Ang Duong, King (1841–1860)

• French Protectorate of Cambodia (complete list) –

Protectorate, 1863–1984, part of French Indochina 1887–1953

Indonesia

• Dutch East Indies (complete list) –

Dutch colony 1800–1811, 1816–1949

For details see the Netherlands under western Europe

Indonesia: Java

• Banten Sultanate (complete list) –

• Abdul Mofakhir Muhammad Aliuddin I, Sultan (1777–1802)^[43]
• Abdul Fath Muhammad Muhyuddin, Sultan (1802–1805)
• Abu Nazar Muhammad Isyak, Sultan (1805–1808)
• Abdul Mofakhir Muhammad Aliuddin II, Sultan (1808–1810)
• Muhammad Tsafiuddin, Sultan (1810–1811)
• Pangeran Ahmad, Regent (1811–1813)
• Muhammad Muhyuddin, Regent (1813–1816)
• Muhammad Rafiuddin, Sultan (1816–1832)

• Sultanate of Cirebon: Keraton Kasepuhan (complete list) –

• Sepuh VII Joharuddin, Sultan (1791–1816)^[44]
• Sepuh VIII Syamsuddin, Sultan (1816–1819)

• Sultanate of Cirebon: Kraton Kanoman (complete list) –

• Anom VI Muhammad Kamaruddin, Sultan (1807–1819)^[44]

• Sultanate of Cirebon: Kraton Kacirebonan (complete list) –

• Cirebon IV, Sultan (1808–1810)^[44]

• Sultanate of Cirebon: Panembahan line (complete list) –

• Cirebon IV, Sultan (1808–1810)^[44]

• Bangkalan –

• Cakraningrat VII, Sultan (1780–1815)^[45]
• Cakraningrat VIII, Sultan (1815–1847)
• Cakraningrat IX, Sultan (1847–1862)

• Sumenep –

• Tirtanegara, Sultan (1767–1811)^[46]
• Natadiningrat, Regent (1804–1810)
• Paku Nataningrat, Sultan (1811–1854)

• Pamekasan –

• Aria Cakraadiningrat II, R. Alsana, Sultan (1800–1804)^[47]
• Panembahan Mangku Adiningrat, Sultan (1804–1842)
• Pangeran Aria Suriokusumo, Sultan (1842–1853)

• Surakarta Sunanate (complete list) –

• Pakubuwono IV, Sultan (1788–1820)^{[citation needed]}
• Pakubuwono V, Sultan (1820–1823)
• Pakubuwono VI, Sultan (1823–1830)
• Pakubuwono VII, Sultan (1830–1858)

• Yogyakarta Sultanate (complete list) –

• Hamengkubuwono II, Sultan (1792–1810, 1811–1812, 1826–1828)^{[citation needed]}
• Hamengkubuwono III, Sultan (1810–1811, 1812–1814)
• Hamengkubuwono IV, Sultan (1814–1822)
• Hamengkubuwono V, Sultan (1822–1826, 1828–1855)

• Mangkunegaran (complete list) –

• Mangkunegara II, Sultan (1795–1835)^[48]
• Mangkunegara III, Sultan (1835–1853)

• Kalibawang –

• Mangkudiningrat, Sultan (1831)^[49]
• Pangeran Adipati Natapraja, Sultan (1831–1853)

• Nangulan –

• Pangeran Prabu Adiningrat, Sultan (1831–1833)^[49]

• Pakualaman (complete list) –

• Pakualam I, Sultan (1812–1829)^[50]
• Pakualam II, Sultan (1829–1858)

Indonesia: Sumatra

• Pagaruyung Kingdom –

• Sultan (?–1825)
• Tangkal Alam Bagagar Sultan (1825–1849)

• Aceh Sultanate (complete list) –

• Alauddin Jauhar ul-Alam Syah, Sultan (1795–1815, 1819–1823)
• Syarif Saiful Alam Syah, Sultan (1815–1819)
• Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah I, Sultan (1823–1838)
• Alauddin Sulaiman Ali Iskandar Syah, Sultan (1838–1857)

• Johor Sultanate (complete list) –

• Mahmud Shah III, Sultan (1761–1812)
• Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah, Sultan (1812–1819)
• Hussein Shah, Sultan (1819–1835)
• Ali, Sultan (1835–1855)

• Sultanate of Deli (complete list) –

• Tuanku Panglima Gandar Wahid, Sultan (1761–1805)
• Amaluddin Mangendar, Sultan (1805–1850)
• Osman Perkasa Alam Shah, Sultan (1850–1858)

• Sultanate of Langkat –

• Kejuruan Hitam (Tuah Hitam), Raja (1750–1818)
• Ahmad bin Raja Indra Bungsu, Raja (1818–1840)
• Haji Musa al-Khalid al-Mahadiah Muazzam Shah, Sultan (1840–1893)

• Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura (complete list) –

• al-Sayyid al-Sharif Ali Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin Ba'alawi, Sultan (1784–1810)
• al-Sayyid al-Sharif Ibrahim Abdul Jalil Khaliluddin, Sultan (1810–1815)
• al-Sayyid al-Sharif Ismail Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin, Sultan (1815–1854)

• Sultanate of Serdang (complete list) –

• Al-Marhum Kacapuri, Raja (1782–1822)
• Al-Marhum Besar, Sultan (1822–1851)

• Riau-Lingga Sultanate

• Sultans –

• Mahmud Shah III, Sultan (1761–1812)
• Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah, Sultan (1812–1832)
• , Sultan (1832–1842)
• , Sultan (1842–1858)

• Yang di-Pertuan Muda –

• Ali, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1784–1805)
• Ja'afar, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1805–1831)
• Abdul Rahman, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1831–1844)
• Ali bin Raja Jaafar, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1844–1857)

• Jambi Sultanate –

  Ratu Seri Ingalaga, Sultan (1790–1812)

  Agung Seri Ingalaga, Sultan (1812–1833)

  Muhammad Fakhruddin, Sultan (1833–1841)

  Abdul Rahman Nazaruddin, Sultan (1841–1855)

Indonesia: Kalimantan (Borneo)

• Sultanate of Banjar (complete list) –

• Tahmidullah II/Sultan Nata, Sultan (1761–1801)
• Sulaiman al-Mutamidullah, Sultan (1801–1825)
• Adam Al-Watsiq Billah, Sultan (1825–1857)

• Sultanate of Bulungan –

• Aji Muhammad, Sultan (1777–1817)
• Muhammad Alimuddin Amirul Muminin Kahharuddin I, Sultan (1817–1861, 1866–1873)

• Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate –

• Aji Muhammad Salehudin, Sultan (?–1844)

• Lanfang Republic –

• Yan Sibo, President (1799–1804)
• Jiang Wubo, President (1804–1811)
• Song, President (1811–1823)
• Liu Taiji, President (1823–1838)
• Gu Liubo, President (1838–1842)
• Xie Guifang, President (1842–1843)
• Ye Tenghui, President (1843–1845)
• Liu Ganxing, President (1845–1848)

• Pontianak Sultanate (complete list) –

• Syarif Abdurrahman Alkadrie, Sultan (1771–1808)
• Syarif Kasim Alkadrie, Sultan (1808–1819)
• Syarif Osman Alkadrie, Sultan (1819–1855)

• Sultanate of Sambas (complete list) –

• Abu Bakar Taj ud-din I, Sultan (1793–1815)
• Muhammad 'Ali Shafi ud-din I, Sultan (1815–1828)
• Usman Kamal ud-din, Sultan (1828–1832)
• Umar Akam ud-din III, Sultan (1832–1846)
• Abu Bakar Taj ud-din II, Sultan (1846–1854)

• Sultanate of Sintang –

• Sri Paduka Muhammad Qamar ud-din ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Abdu'l Rashid Muhammad Jamal ud-din, Sultan (1796–1851)

Indonesia: Sulawesi

• Sultanate of Gowa –

• I Manawari Karaeng Bontolangkasa, Sultan (1778–1810)
• I Mappatunru/I Mangikarang Karaeng Lembang Parang, Sultan (1816–1825)
• La Oddanriu Karaeng Katangka, Sultan (1825–1826)
• Abdul Kadir Moh Aidid, Sultan (1826–1893)

• Luwu –

• La Tenri Peppang, Datu (1778–1810)
• We Tenri Awaru, Datu (1810–1825)
• La Oddang Pero, Datu (1825–1854)

Indonesia: Lesser Sunda Islands

• Bima Sultanate (complete list) –

• Abdul Hamid Muhammad Syah, Sultan (1773–1817)
• Ismail Muhammad Syah, Sultan (1817–1854)

Indonesia: West Timor

• Amanatun (complete list) –

• Nai Taman, Raja (c.1832)

• Amarasi (complete list) –

• Don Rote Ruatefu, Raja (1774–1802)^{[citation needed]}
• Kiri Lote, Raja (1803–pre-1832)
• Koroh Kefi, Raja (pre-1832–1853)

• Amabi (complete list) –

• Afu Balthazar, Raja (c.1797–pre-1824)
• Arnoldus Adriaan Karel Loti, Raja (pre-1824–1834)
• Osu II, Raja (1834–1859)

• Sonbai Besar (complete list) –

• Nai Sobe Sonbai II, Emperor (1808–1867))^[51]

• Sonbai Kecil (complete list) –

• Nube Bena/ Pieter Nisnoni I, Raja (1798–1820)^[51]
• Isu Baki, Raja (1820s)
• Ote Nuben Nisnoni, Raja (post-1832)
• Babkas Nube Nisnoni/ Pieter Nisnoni II, Raja (?–1839)
• Meis Babkas Nisnoni, Raja (1839–1860)

• Amanuban (complete list) –

• Tobani, Raja (1786–c.1807)
• Louis, Raja (c.1807–c.1824)
• Baki, Raja (c.1824–1862)

Indonesia: Maluku Islands

• Sultanate of Bacan (complete list) –

Dutch protectorate 1667–1942

• Kamarullah, Sultan (1797–1826)^[52]
• Muhammad Hayatuddin Kornabé, Sultan (1826–1861)

• Sultanate of Jailolo –

British occupation 1799–1802

• Muhammad Arif Bila, Sultan (1797–1806)^[53]
• Muhammad Asgar, Sultan (1808–1818)
• Muhammad Hajuddin Syah, Sultan (1818–1825)

• Sultanate of Tidore (complete list) –

Dutch protectorate 1657–1905

• Nuku, Muhammad al-Mabus Amiruddin Syah, Sultan (1797–1805)^[54]
• Zainal Abidin, Sultan (1805–1810)
• Muhammad Tahir, Sultan (1811–1821)
• Al-Mansur Sirajuddin, Sultan (1822–1856)

• Sultanate of Ternate (complete list) –

Dutch protectorate 1683–1915

• Muhammad Yasin, Sultan (1796–1801)^{[citation needed]}
• Muhammad Ali, Sultan (1807–1821)
• Muhammad Sarmoli, Sultan (1821–1823)
• Muhammad Zain, Sultan (1823–1859)

Laos

• Kingdom of Vientiane (complete list) –

• , King (1795–1805)
• Anouvong, King (1804–1828)

• Muang Phuan (complete list) –

• Somphou, King (1779–1803)
• Noi, King (1803–1831)
• , King (1848–1865), vassal to Siam and Vietnam

• Kingdom of Champasak (complete list) –

• Fay Na, King (1791–1811)
• No Muong, King (1811–1813)
• Manoi, King (1813–1819)
• Nyô, King (1819–1827)

Vassal to Siam (1829–1893)

• Huy, King (1828–1840)
• Nark, King (1841–1851)

• Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (complete list) –

• Anourouth, King (1791–1817)
• Mantha Tourath, Regent (1815–1817), King (1817–1836)
• Unkeo, Regent (1837–1838)
• Soukhaseum, King (1838–1851)

• French Protectorate of Luang Phrabang (complete list) –

Protectorate and constituent of French Indochina (1893–1953)

Malaysia

Peninsular Malaysia

• Kedah Sultanate (complete list) –

• Dziaddin Mukarram Shah II, Sultan, (1797–1803)
• Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II, Sultan, (1803–1821)
• Siamese invasion of Kedah, Sultan, (1821–1842)
• Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II, Sultan, (1842–1845)
• Zainal Rashid Al-Mu'adzam Shah I, Sultan, (1845–1854)

• Kelantan Sultanate: Patani dynasty (complete list) –

• , Sultan (1800–1835)
• , co-Sultan (1835–1836)
• , Sultan (1835–1886)

• Perak Sultanate: Siak dynasty (complete list) –

• Ahmaddin Shah, Sultan (1786–1806)
• Abdul Malik Mansur Shah, Sultan (1806–1825)
• Abdullah Mu’azzam Shah, Sultan (1825–1830)
• Shahabuddin Riayat Shah, Sultan (1830–1851)

• Terengganu Sultanate (complete list) –

• , Sultan (1793–1808)
• , Sultan (1808–1830)
• , Sultan (1830–1831)
• , Sultan (1831–1837)
• , Sultan (1837–1839)
• Omar Riayat Shah, co-Sultan (1831), Sultan (1839–1876)

• Selangor Sultanate (complete list) –

• Ibrahim Shah, Sultan (1778–1826)
• Muhammad Shah, Sultan (1826–1857)

• Negeri Sembilan (complete list) –

• , Yamtuan (1795–1808)
• , Yamtuan (1808–1824)
• , Yamtuan (1824–1861)

• Perlis (complete list) –

• Syed Abu Bakar Harun Jamalullail, Penghulu (1797–1825)^[55]
• Syed Hussein Jamalullail, Penghulu (1825–1843), Raja (1843–1873)

• Federated Malay States (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1895–1942, 1945–1946

• Unfederated Malay States (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1826–1942, 1945–1946

• Straits Settlements (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1826–1942, 1945–1946

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Malaysian Borneo

• Kingdom of Sarawak (complete list) –

• James Brooke, Rajah (1842–1868)

• Crown Colony of Labuan (complete list) –

British colony, 1848–1890, 1904–1906, 1907–1941, 1945–1946

• North Borneo (complete list) –

British colony, 1888–1941, 1945–1946; Crown colony, 1946–1963

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Myanmar / Burma

• Konbaung dynasty (complete list) –

• Bodawpaya, King (1782–1819)
• Bagyidaw, King (1819–1837)
• Tharrawaddy, King (1837–1846)
• Pagan, King (1846–1853)

• British rule in Burma (complete list) –

British colony, 1824–1948

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Philippines

• Sultanate of Sulu (complete list) –

• , Sultan (1789–1808)
• , Sultan (1808)
• , Sultan (1808–1821)
• , Sultan (1821–1823)
• Jamalul Kiram I, Sultan (1823–1844)
• , Sultan (1844–1862)

• Sultanate of Maguindanao (complete list) –

• Kibad Sahriyal, Sultan (c.1780–c.1805)
• Kawasa Anwar Ud-din, Sultan (c.1805–c.1830)
• Untong, Sultan (c.1830–c.1854)

• Spanish East Indies, part of the Captaincy General of the Philippines (complete list) –

Colony, 1565–1901

For details see Spain in southwest Europe

• First Philippine Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –
• Prime ministers (complete list) –

Singapore

• Colony of Singapore (complete list) –

British colony as part of the Straits Settlements, 1819–1867

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Thailand

• Rattanakosin Kingdom of Siam (complete list) –

• Rama I, King (1782–1809)
• Rama II, King (1809–1824)
• Rama III, King (1824–1851)

• Kingdom of Chiang Mai (complete list) –

• Kawila, Prince of Lampang (1774–1782), King of Chiang Mai (1802–1813)
• Thammalangka or Dharmalanka, Prince (1813–1822)
• Khamfan, Prince (1823–1825)
• Phutthawong or Buddhavansa, Prince (1826–1846)
• Mahotaraprathet, King (1847–1854)

• Pattani Kingdom (complete list) –

First Kelantanese dynasty

• Datuk Pengkalan, ruler (1791–1808)

Second Kelantanese dynasty

• Phraya Long Muhammad Ibni Raja Muda Kelantan/Raja Kampong Laut Tuan Besar Long Ismail Ibni Raja Long Yunus, Sultan (1842–1856)

Timor

• Portuguese Timor (complete list) –

Colony, 1702–1975

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Vietnam

• Champa (complete list) –

• Po Chong Chan, King (1799–1822)

• Đại Việt

Tây Sơn dynasty (complete list) –

Nguyễn dynasty (complete list) –

• Việt Nam: Nguyễn dynasty (complete list) –

• Gia Long, Emperor of Đại Việt (1802–1804), of Việt Nam (1804–1820)
• Minh Mạng, Emperor (1820–1841)
• Thiệu Trị, Emperor (1841–1847)
• Tự Đức, Emperor (1847–1883)

• Cochinchina

French Colony, 1862–1949

• Annam Protectorate

French Protectorate, 1883–1945, 1945–1948

• Tonkin Protectorate

French Protectorate, 1884–1949

For details see France under western Europe

Asia: South[]

Afghanistan

• Durrani Empire (complete list) –

• Zaman Shah Durrani, Emir (1793–1801)
• Mahmud Shah Durrani, Emir (1801–1803, 1809–1818)
• Shah Shujah Durrani, Emir (1803–1809, 1839–1842)
• Ali Shah Durrani, Emir (1818–1819)
• Ayub Shah Durrani, Emir (1819–1823)

• Emirate of Afghanistan: Barakzai dynasty (complete list) –

• Dost Mohammad Khan, Emir (1826–1839, 1845–1863)
• Shah Shujah Durrani, Emir (1803–1809, 1839–1842)
• Akbar Khan, Emir (1842–1845)

Asia: West[]

Bahrain

• Hakims of Bahrain (complete list) –

• , Hakim (1796–1825)
• Abdullah bin Ahmad Al Khalifa, Hakim (1796–1843)
• , Hakim (1825–1834)
• Muhammad bin Khalifa Al Khalifa, Hakim (1834–1842)
• Muhammad bin Khalifa Al Khalifa, Hakim (1843–1868)

Cyprus

Iran

• Persia: Qajar dynasty (complete list) –

• Fath-Ali, Shah (1797–1834)
• Mohammad, Shah (1834–1848)
• Naser al-Din, Shah (1848–1896)

• Soran Emirate –

• Muhammad Pasha of Rawanduz, a.k.a. Muhammad Kor, Mir (1813–1838)^[56][57][58]

• Bohtan –

• Bedir Khan Beg, Mir (1821–1847)^[23]

Iraq

• Baban (complete list) –

• , Prince (1782–1803)
• Abdurrahman Pasha,, Prince (1803–1813)
• , Prince (1813–1834)
• , Prince (1834–1838)
• , Prince (1838–1847)
• , Prince (1847–1850)

Kuwait

• Sheikhdom of Kuwait (complete list) –

• Abdullah I, Sheikh (1762–1814)
• Jaber I, Sheikh (1814–1859)

Oman

• Omani Empire and Imamate of Oman: Al Busaidi dynasty (complete list) –

• Sultan bin Ahmad, Sultan (1792–1804)
• Salim bin Sultan, Sultan (1804–1806)
• Said bin Sultan, Sultan (1804–1856)

Qatar

• Qatar (complete list) –

• Mohammed bin Thani, Emir (1847–1876)

Saudi Arabia

• Emirate of Diriyah (complete list) –

• Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad, Imam (1765–1803)
• Saud al-Kabeer, Imam (1803–1814)
• Abdullah bin Saud, Imam (1814–1818)

• Emirate of Nejd (complete list) –

• Turki bin Abdullah bin Muhammad, Imam (1819–1820, 1824–1834)
• Mishari bin Abdul Rahman, Imam (1834–1834, usurper)
• Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud, Imam (1834–1838, 1843–1865)
• Khalid bin Saud, Imam (1838–1841)
• Abdullah bin Thunayan, Imam (1841–1843)

• Emirate of Jabal Shammar –

• Abdullah bin Ali Al Rashid, Emir (1836–1848)
• Talal bin Abdullah Al Rashid, Emir (1848–1868)
• Mutaib bin Abdullah Al Rashid, Emir (1868–1869)
• Bandar bin Talal Al Rashid, Emir (1869)
• Muhammad bin Abdullah Al Rashid, Emir (1869–1897)
• Abdulaziz bin Mutaib Al Rashid, Emir (1897–1906)

Turkey

• Ottoman Empire

• Sultans –

• Selim III, Sultan (1789–1807)
• Mustafa IV, Sultan (1807–1808)
• Mahmud II, Sultan (1808–1839)
• Abdülmecid I, Sultan (1839–1861)

• Grand Viziers –

• Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1798–1805)
• , Grand Vizier (1805–1806)
• , Grand Vizier (1806–1807)
• , Grand Vizier (1807–1808)
• Alemdar Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1808)
• , Grand Vizier (1808–1809)
• Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1809–1811)
• Laz Aziz Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1811–1812)
• Hurshid Pasha, Grand Vizier (1812–1815)
• Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha, Grand Vizier (1815–1818)
• , Grand Vizier (1818–1820)
• , Grand Vizier (1820–1821)
• Benderli Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1821)
• , Grand Vizier (1821–1822)
• , Grand Vizier (1822–1823)
• Silahdar Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1823)
• Mehmed Said Galip Pasha, Grand Vizier (1823–1824)
• Mehmed Selim Pasha, Grand Vizier (1824–1828)
• Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1828–1829)
• Reşid Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1829–1833)
• Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha, Grand Vizier (1833–1839)
• Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1839–1840)
• Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha, Grand Vizier (1840–1841)
• Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1841–1842)
• Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha, Grand Vizier (1842–1846)
• Mustafa Reşid Pasha, Grand Vizier (1846–1848)
• Ibrahim Sarim Pasha, Grand Vizier (1848)
• Mustafa Reşid Pasha, Grand Vizier (1848–1852)

United Arab Emirates: Trucial States

• Sheikhdom of Abu Dhabi –

• Shakhbut bin Dhiyab Al Nahyan, ruler (1793–1816)
• Muhammad bin Shakhbut Al Nahyan, ruler (1816–1818)
• Tahnun bin Shakhbut Al Nahyan, ruler (1818–1833)
• Khalifa bin Shakhbut Al Nahyan, ruler (1833–1845)
• Saeed bin Tahnun Al Nahyan, ruler (1845–1855)

• Sheikhdom of Dubai –

• Obeid bin Said bin Rashid, ruler (1833–1836)
• Maktoum bin Butti bin Suhail, ruler (1833–1852)

• Sheikhdom of Sharjah –

• Rashid bin Matar Al Qasimi, ruler (1747–1777)
• Saqr bin Rashid Al Qasimi, ruler (1777–1803)
• Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi, ruler (1803–1866)

• Sheikhdom of Ajman –

• Rashid bin Humaid Al Nuaimi, ruler (1816–1838)
• Humaid bin Rashid Al Nuaimi, ruler (1838–1841)
• Abdelaziz bin Rashid Al Nuaimi, ruler (1841–1848)
• Humaid bin Rashid Al Nuaimi, ruler (1848–1864)

• Sheikhdom of Umm Al Quwain –

• Rashid bin Majid Al Mualla, ruler (1768–1820)
• Abdullah bin Rashid Al Mualla, ruler (1820–1853)

• Sheikhdom of Ras Al Khaimah –

• Saqr bin Rashid Al Qasimi, ruler (1777–1803)
• Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi, ruler (1803–1809, 1820–1866)
• Hasan bin `Ali Al Anezi (1809–1814)
• Hassan bin Rahma Al Qasimi, ruler (1814–1820)

Yemen

• Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom (complete list) –

• Daha, Amir (18th century)
• Yaslam ibn Daha, Amir (?)
• `Ali ibn Yaslam, Amir (?)

• Upper Aulaqi Sultanate (complete list) –

• Munassar, Sultan (18th century)
• Farid ibn Munassar, Sultan (?)

• Emirate of Beihan (complete list) –

• Hussein, Amir (c.1800–1820)
• al Habieli, Amir (?)
• Thaifallah, Amir (?)

• Emirate of Dhala (complete list) –

• Shafa`ul al-`Amiri, Emir (early 19th century)
• Ahmad ibn Shafa`ul al-`Amiri, Emir (early 19th century)
• al-Hasan ibn Ahmad al-`Amiri, Emir (early 19th century)
• `Abd al-Hadi ibn al-Hasan al-`Amiri, Emir (early 19th century)
• Musa`id ibn al-Hasan al-`Amiri, Emir (c.1839)

• Kathiri (complete list) –

• Muhsin ibn Ahmad al-Kathir, Sultan (1800–1830)
• Ghalib ibn Muhsin al-Kathir, Sultan (1830–1880)

• Sultanate of Lahej –

• Ahmad I ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-'Abdali, Sultan (1791–1827)
• Muhsin ibn al-Fadl al-'Abdali, Sultan (1827–1839, 1839–1846, 1846–1847)
• Ahmad II ibn Muhsin al-'Abdali, Sultan (1839–1839, 1847–1849)
• Sayyid Isma'il ibn al-Hasan al-Husayni, Sultan (1846)
• 'Ali I ibn Muhsin al-'Abdali, Sultan (1849–1863)

• Mahra Sultanate –

• Sa`d ibn Taw`ari Ibn `Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (c.1800–1820)
• Sultan ibn `Amr (on Suqutra), Sultan (c.1834)
• Ahmad ibn Sultan (at Qishn), Sultan (c.1834)
• `Amr ibn Sa`d ibn Taw`ari Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (1835–1845)
• Taw`ari ibn `Ali Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (1845–mid-19th century)

• Wahidi Balhaf of Ba´l Haf (complete list) –

• Ahmad ibn al-Hadi al-Wahidi, Sultan (1771–1810)
• `Abd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Wahidi, Sultan (1810–1830)

Split into four states

• Nasir ibn `Abd Allah, Sultan (c.1830)
• Ahmad ibn Nasir, Sultan (?)
• Muhsin ibn `Ali, Sultan (?)

• Wahidi Balhaf of `Azzan (complete list) –

• `Ali ibn Ahmad al-Wahidi, Sultan (1830–?)
• Muhsin ibn `Ali al-Wahidi, Sultan (1850–1870)

• Wahidi Haban (complete list) –

• al-Husayn ibn Ahmad al-Wahidi, Sultan (1830–1840)
• `Abd Allah ibn al-Husayn al-Wahidi, Sultan (1850–1870)

• Lower Yafa –

• Ali I ibn Ghalib al-Afifi, ruler (1800–1841)
• Ahmad ibn Ali al-Afifi, ruler (1841–1873, 1891–1893)

• Upper Yafa –

• Qahtan ibn `Umar ibn Salih Al Harhara, Sultan (c.1800–1810)
• `Umar ibn Qahtan ibn `Umar Al Harhara, Sultan (c.1810–1815)
• Qahtan ibn `Umar ibn Qahtan Al Harhara, Sultan (c.1815–1840)
• `Abd Allah ibn Nasir ibn Salih Al Harhara, Sultan (c.1840–1866)

• Yemeni Zaidi State (complete list) –

• al-Mansur Ali I, Imam (1775–1809)
• al-Mutawakkil Ahmad, Imam (1809–1816)
• al-Mahdi Abdallah, Imam (1816–1835)
• al-Mansur Ali II, Imam (1835–1837, 1844–1845)
• an-Nasir Abdallah, Imam (1837–1840)
• al-Hadi Muhammad, Imam (1840–1844)
• al-Mutawakkil Muhammad, Imam (1845–1849)

Europe[]

Europe: Balkans[]

Croatia

• Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)

part of the Habsburg Monarchy, also part of the Lands of the Hungarian Crown

• Kings (complete list) –

• Francis, King (1792–1835)
• Ferdinand V, King (1835–1848)
• Franz Joseph, King (1848–1916)

• Bans (complete list) –

• , Ban (1790–1806)
• Ignác Gyulay, Ban (1806–1831)
• Franjo Vlašić, Ban (1832–1840)
• Juraj Haulik, Acting ban (1840–1842)
• Franz Haller, Ban (1842–1845)
• Juraj Haulik, Acting ban (1845–1848)
• Josip Jelačić, Ban (1848–1859)

• Republic of Ragusa (complete list) –

• , Rector (1801)
• , , Rector (1802)
• , Rector (1803)
• , , Rector (1804)
• , , Rector (1805)
• , Rector (1806)
• , Rector (1808)

Greece

• First Hellenic Republic (complete list, complete list) –

• Provisional Executive Commission (1800–1801)
• Alexandros Mavrokordatos, President of the Executive (1822–1823)
• Petrobey Mavromichalis, President of the Executive (1823)
• Georgios Kountouriotis, President of the Executive (1823–1826)
• Andreas Zaimis, President of the Governmental Commission (1826–1827)
• Ioannis Kapodistrias, Governor (1827–1831)
• Augustinos Kapodistrias, Governor (1831–1832)
• Governing Councils (1832–1833)

• Kingdom of Greece

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Otto, King (1832–1862)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Spyridon Trikoupis, Prime minister (1833)
• Alexandros Mavrokordatos, Prime minister (1833–1834)
• Ioannis Kolettis, Prime minister (1834–1835)
• Josef Ludwig von Armansperg, Prime minister (1835–1837)
• Ignaz von Rudhart, Prime minister (1837)
• Otto of Greece, Prime minister (1837–1841)
• Alexandros Mavrokordatos, Prime minister (1841)
• Otto, Prime minister (1841–1843)
• Andreas Metaxas, Prime minister (1843–1844)
• Konstantinos Kanaris, Prime minister (1844)
• Alexandros Mavrokordatos, Prime minister (1844)
• Ioannis Kolettis, Prime minister (1844–1847)
• Kitsos Tzavelas, Prime minister (1847–1848)
• Georgios Kountouriotis, Prime minister (1848)
• Konstantinos Kanaris, Prime minister (1848–1849)
• Antonios Kriezis, Prime minister (1849–1854)

• Septinsular Republic –

•  [el], Prince (1800–1803)
•  [el], Prince (1803)

• United States of the Ionian Islands (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1815–1864

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Kosovo

Montenegro

• Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro (complete list) –

• Petar I, Prince-bishop (1782–1830)
• Petar II, Prince-bishop (1830–1851)

Serbia

• Revolutionary Serbia (complete list) –

• Karađorđe, Grand Vožd (1804–1813)
• Miloš Obrenović, Grand Vožd (1815–1817), Prince (1817–1839)

• Principality of Serbia

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Miloš Obrenović, Prince (1817–1839)
• Milan Obrenović II, Prince (1839)
• Mihailo Obrenović III, Prince (1839–1842)
• Alexander Karađorđević, Prince (1842–1858)

• Heads of government (complete list) –

• Petar Nikolajević Moler, Prime minister (1815–1816)
• Jevrem Obrenović, Prime minister (1821–1826)
• Miloje Todorović, Prime minister (1826)
• Dimitrije Davidović, Prime minister (1826–1829)
• , Prime minister (1835–1836)
• , Prime minister (1836–1839)
• Avram Petronijević, Prime minister (1839–1840)
• Paun Janković, Prime minister (1840)
• Đorđe Protić, Prime minister (1840–1842)
• Avram Petronijević, Prime minister (1842–1843)
• Aleksa Simić, Prime minister (1843–1844)
• Avram Petronijević, Prime minister (1844–1852)

Slovenia

• Illyrian Provinces (complete list) –

autonomous province of the First French Empire, 1809–1814

Europe: British Isles[]

• United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• George III, King (1760–1820)
• George IV, Regent (1810–1820), King (1820–1830)
• William IV, King (1830–1837)
• Victoria, Queen (1837–1901)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• William Pitt the Younger, Prime minister (1783–1801)
• Henry Addington, Prime minister (1801–1804)
• William Pitt the Younger, Prime minister (1804–1806)
• William Grenville, Prime minister (1806–1807)
• William Cavendish-Bentinck, Prime minister (1807–1809)
• Spencer Perceval, Prime minister (1809–1812)
• Robert Jenkinson, Prime minister (1812–1827)
• George Canning, Prime minister (1827)
• F. J. Robinson, Prime minister (1827–1828)
• Arthur Wellesley, Prime minister (1828–1830)
• Charles Grey, Prime minister (1830–1834)
• William Lamb, Prime minister (1834)
• Arthur Wellesley, Prime minister (1834)
• Robert Peel, Prime minister (1834–1835)
• William Lamb, Prime minister (1835–1841)
• Robert Peel, Prime minister (1841–1846)
• John Russell, Prime minister (1846–1852)

Europe: Central[]

Germany/ Prussia

• Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany (complete list, complete list) –

• Francis II, Emperor Elect, King (1792–1806)

Germany Empire

• Electorate of Brandenburg, Kingdom of Prussia (complete list, complete list) –

• Frederick William III, Elector (1797–1806), King (1797–1840)
• Frederick William IV, King (1840–1861)

• Confederation of the Rhine –

• confederation of French client states in Germany
• Napoleon Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine (1806–1813)

Austria-Hungary

• Austria-Hungary: Archduchy/ Austrian Empire/ Kingdom of Hungary

• Archdukes/Emperors/ Kings (complete list, complete list) –

• Francis II, Archduke (1792–1804), Emperor (1804–1835), King (1792–1835)
• Ferdinand I, Emperor and King (1835–1848)
• Franz Joseph I, Emperor and King (1848–1916)

• Heads of government (complete list) –

• Franz Anton von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky, Minister-President (1848)
• Karl Ludwig von Ficquelmont, Acting Minister-President (1848)
• Franz von Pillersdorf, Acting Minister-President (1848)
• Anton von Doblhoff-Dier, Minister-President (1848)
• Johann von Wessenberg-Ampringen, Minister-President (1848)
• Felix of Schwarzenberg, Minister-President (1848–1852)

• Habsburg Monarchy (complete list) –

Habsburg-Lorraine monarchs ruled under numerous simultaneous titles

• Francis II, (1792–1835)
• Ferdinand I, (1835–1848)
• Francis Joseph I, (1848–1916)

Bohemia

• Kingdom of Bohemia (complete list) –

• Francis II, King (1792–1835)
• Ferdinand V, King (1835–1848)
• Francis Joseph, King (1848–1916)

Liechtenstein

• Liechtenstein (complete list) –

• Aloys I, Prince (1781–1805)
• Johann I Josef, Prince (1805–1836)
• Aloys II, Prince (1836–1858)
• Johann II, Prince (1858–1929)

Poland

• Duchy of Warsaw (complete list) –

client republic of France, 1807–1815

• Frederick Augustus I, Duke (1807–1815)

Switzerland

• Switzerland of the Napoleonic era (complete list) –

• Alois von Reding, First Landammann (1801–1802), Landammann (1802)
• Vinzenz Rüttimann, acting Landammann (1802)
• Johann Rudolf Dolder, Landammann (1802–1803)
• Aloys Reding von Biberegg, Landammann (1802)
• , Landammann (1803)
• , Landammann (1804)
• , Landammann (1805)
• , Landammann (1806)
• , Landammann (1807)
• Vinzenz Rüttimann, Landammann (1808)
• , Landammann (1809)
• , Landammann (1810)
• , Landammann (1811)
• , Landammann (1812)
• , Landammann (1813)

• Restored Swiss Confederacy: Tagsatzung (complete list) –

• , President of the Swiss Diet (1814)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1814)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1814)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1814–1815)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1816)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1817)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1818)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1819)
• Vinzenz Rüttimann, President of the Swiss Diet (1820)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1821)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1822)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1823)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1824)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1825)
• Vinzenz Rüttimann, President of the Swiss Diet (1826)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1827)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1828)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1829)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1830)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1831)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1832)
• Johann Jakob Hess, President of the Swiss Diet (1833)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1834)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1835)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1836)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1837)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1838)
• Johann Jakob Hess, President of the Swiss Diet (1839)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1840)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1841)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1842)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1843)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1844)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1845)
• Jonas Furrer, President of the Swiss Diet (1845)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1846)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1847)
• Ulrich Ochsenbein, (1847)
• Johann Rudolf Schneider, President of the Swiss Diet (1847)
• Ulrich Ochsenbein, President of the Swiss Diet (1847–1848)
• , President of the Swiss Diet (1848)

• Switzerland (complete list) –

• Jonas Furrer, President of the Confederation (1848–1849)
• Henri Druey, President of the Confederation (1850)

Constituent states of the Confederation of the Rhine and German Confederation[]

These are leaders of constituent states from the German mediatisation in 1806 until the dissolution of the German Confederation in 1866. Leaders of constituent states within the Holy Roman Empire are excluded up to the time of German mediatisation (1801–1806).

• Anhalt-Bernburg (complete list) –

• Alexius Frederick Christian, Prince (1796–1807), Duke (1807–1834)
• Alexander Karl, Duke (1834–1863)

re-united to Anhalt

• Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (complete list) –

• Victor II, Prince (1806–1812)
• Frederick, Prince (1812)

inherited by Anhalt-Bernburg

• Anhalt-Köthen (complete list) –

• Augustus Christian Frederick, Prince (1789–1806), Duke (1806–1812)
• Louis Augustus Karl Frederick Emil, Duke (1812–1818)
• Frederick Ferdinand, Duke (1818–1830)
• Henry V, Duke (1830–1847)

merged to Anhalt-Dessau

• Anhalt-Dessau (complete list) –

• Leopold III, Prince (1751–1758), Duke (1758–1817), Regent of Anhalt-Köthen (1812–1817)
• Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau (1817–1863), of Anhalt-Köthen (1847–1863), of Anhalt (1863–1871), Regent of Anhalt-Köthen (1817–1818)

• Duchy of Anhalt (Duchy of Anhalt#Dukes of Anhalt, 1863–1918|complete list]]) –

• Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau (1817–1863), of Anhalt-Köthen (1847–1863), of Anhalt (1863–1871), Regent of Anhalt-Köthen (1817–1818)

• Arenberg (complete list) –

• Prosper Louis, Duke (1803–1810)

• Grand Duchy of Baden (complete list) –

• Charles Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1746–1771), of Baden (1771–1803), Elector (1803–1806), Grand Duke (1806–1811)
• Charles, Grand Duke (1811–1818)
• Louis I, Grand Duke (1818–1830)
• Leopold, Grand Duke (1830–1852)

• Kingdom of Bavaria (complete list) –

• Maximillian IV, Elector (1799–1805), King (1805–1825)
• Ludwig I, King (1825–1848)
• Maximilian II, King (1848–1864)

• Bremen-Verden (complete list) –

• George III, Duke (1760–1807, 1813–1820)
• George IV, Regent (1811–1820), Duke (1820–1823)

• Duchy of Brunswick (complete list) –

• Frederick William, Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1806–1807), Duke of Brunswick (1813–1815)
• Charles II, Duke (1815–1830)
• William, Duke (1830–1884)

• Free City of Frankfurt (de:complete list) –

•  [de], Senior Mayor (1816–1817)
•  [de], Senior Mayor (1818)
• Johann Wilhelm Metzler, Senior Mayor (1819)
•  [de], Senior Mayor (1820)
•  [de], Senior Mayor (1821)
•  [de], Senior Mayor (1822)
• Johann Wilhelm Metzler, Senior Mayor (1823)
• Georg Friedrich von Guaita, Senior Mayor (1824)
• Johann Friedrich von Meyer, Senior Mayor (1825)
• Georg Friedrich von Guaita, Senior Mayor (1826)
•  [de], Senior Mayor (1827)
•  [de], Senior Mayor (1828)
•  [de], Senior Mayor (1829)
• Friedrich Wilhelm Philipp Freiherr von Malapert, Senior Mayor (1830)
• Georg Friedrich von Guaita, Senior Mayor (1831)
•  [de], Senior Mayor (1832)
• Georg Friedrich von Guaita, Senior Mayor (1833)
• Ferdinand Maximilian Starck, Senior Mayor (1834)
• Johann Gerhard Christian Thomas, Senior Mayor (1835)
• Ferdinand Maximilian Starck, Senior Mayor (1836)
• Georg Friedrich von Guaita, Senior Mayor (1837)
• Johann Gerhard Christian Thomas, Senior Mayor (1838)
• Georg Friedrich von Guaita, Senior Mayor (1838)
• Johann Friedrich von Meyer, Senior Mayor (1839)
•  [de], Senior Mayor (1840)
•  [de], Senior Mayor (1841)
• Gottfried Scharff, Senior Mayor (1842)
• Johann Friedrich von Meyer, Senior Mayor (1843)
• Gottfried Scharff, Senior Mayor (1844)
• Carl Heinrich Georg von Heyden, Senior Mayor (1845)
• Gottfried Scharff, Senior Mayor (1846)
• Friedrich Carl Hector Wilhelm Freiherr von Günderrode, Senior Mayor (1847)
• Carl Heinrich Georg von Heyden, Senior Mayor (1848)
•  [de], Senior Mayor (1849)
• Carl Heinrich Georg von Heyden, Senior Mayor (1850)

• Kingdom of Hanover (complete list) –

• George III, Elector (1760–1806), King (1814–1820)
• George IV, Regent (1810–1820), King (1820–1830)
• William IV, King (1830–1837)
• Ernest Augustus, King (1837–1851)

• Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine (complete list) –

• Louis I, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1790–1806), Grand Duke of Hesse (1806–1830)
• Louis II, Grand Duke (1830–1848)
• Louis III, Grand Duke (1848–1877)

• Hesse-Homburg (complete list) –

• Frederick V, Landgrave (1751–1820)
• Frederick VI, Landgrave (1820–1829)
• Louis William, Landgrave (1829–1839)
• Philip, Landgrave (1839–1846)
• Gustav, Landgrave (1846–1848)
• Ferdinand, Landgrave (1848–1866)

• Electorate of Hesse (complete list) –

• William I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (1785–1803), Elector of Hesse (1803–1807, 1813–1821)
• William II, Elector (1821–1847)
• Frederick William, Elector (1847–1866)

• Hesse-Philippsthal (complete list) –

• Louis, Landgrave (1813–1816)
• Ernest Constantine, Landgrave (1816–1849)
• Charles II, Landgrave (1849–1866)

• Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (complete list) –

• Charles, Landgrave (1803–1854)

• Hesse-Rotenburg (complete list) –

• Charles Emmanuel, Landgrave (1778–1812)
• Victor Amadeus, Landgrave (1812–1834)

• Hohenzollern-Hechingen (complete list) –

• Hermann, Prince (1798–1810)
• Frederick, Prince (1810–1838)
• Constantine, Prince (1838–1850)

• Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (complete list) –

• Anton Aloys, Prince (1785–1831)
• Charles, Prince (1831–1848)
• Karl Anton, Prince (1848–1849)

• Duchy of Holstein

• Dukes (complete list) –

• Christian VII, Duke of Holstein-Glückstadt (1766–1773), of Holstein (1773–1808)
• Frederick VI, Duke (1808–1839)
• Christian VIII, Duke (1839–1848)
• Frederik VII, Duke (1848–1863)

• Statholders (complete list) –

• Charles of Hesse-Kassel, Statholder (1768–1836)
• Frederick of Hesse-Kassel, Statholder (1836–1842)
• Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, Statholder (1842–1851)

• Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein (complete list) –

• , Prince (1803–1820)
• , Prince (1820–1866)

• Principality of Lippe (complete list) –

• Leopold II, Prince (1802–1851)

• Duchy of Limburg (1839–1867) (complete list) –

• William I, Duke (1839–1840)
• William II, Duke (1840–1849)
• William III, Duke (1849–1866)

• Free City of Lübeck (complete list) –

•  [de], Mayor (1817)
•  [de], Mayor (1818)
•  [de], Mayor (1826)
•  [de], Mayor (1827)
•  [de], Mayor (1810)
•  [de], Mayor (1811)
•  [de], Mayor (1811–1813)
•  [de], Mayor (1813)
• Christian Adolph Overbeck, Mayor (1814)
•  [de], Mayor (1813–1824)
•  [de], Mayor (1821)
•  [de], Mayor (1825)
•  [de], Mayor (1825)
•  [de], Mayor (1826)
•  [de], Mayor (1827)
•  [de], Mayor (1827)
•  [de], Mayor (1828)
•  [de], Mayor (1829)
•  [de], Mayor (1830)
•  [de], Mayor (1831)
•  [de], Mayor (1832)
•  [de], Mayor (1833)
•  [de], Mayor (1833)
•  [de], Mayor (1833)
•  [de], Mayor (1833)
•  [de], Mayor (1834–1835)
•  [de], Mayor (1836)
•  [de], Mayor (1837)
•  [de], Mayor (1838)
•  [de], Mayor (1839)
•  [de], Mayor (1840)
•  [de], Mayor (1841)
•  [de], Mayor (1842)
•  [de], Mayor (1843)
•  [de], Mayor (1844)
•  [de], Mayor (1845)
•  [de], Mayor (1845–1846)
•  [de], Mayor (1847–1848)
•  [de], Mayor (1849–1850)

• Duchy/ Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (complete list) –

• Frederick Francis I, Duke (1785–1815), Grand Duke (1815–1837)
• Paul Frederick, Grand Duke (1837–1842)
• Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke (1842–1883)

• Duchy/ Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (complete list) –

• Charles II, Duke (1794–1815), Grand Duke (1815–1816)
• George I, Grand Duke (1816–1860)

• Duchy of Nassau (complete list) –

• Frederick Augustus, Prince of Nassau-Usingen (1803–1806), Duke of Nassau (1806–1816)
• William, Princely count of Nassau-Weilburg (1816), Duke of Nassau (1816–1839)
• Adolphe, Duke (1839–1866)

• Grand Duchy of Oldenburg (complete list) –

• Wilhelm I, Duke (1785–1810), Grand Duke (1815–1823)
• Peter I, Regent (1785–1823), Grand Duke (1823–1829)
• Augustus I, Grand Duke (1829–1853)

• Reuss-Ebersdorf (complete list) –

• , Count (1779–1806), Prince (1806–1822)
• Heinrich LXXII, Prince of Reuss-Ebersdorf (1822–1848), of Reuss-Lobenstein (1824–1848)

• Reuss-Gera (complete list) –

• Heinrich XLII, Prince (1806–1818)
• Heinrich LXII, Prince (1818–1854)

• Reuss-Greiz (complete list) –

• Heinrich XIII, Prince (1800–1817)
• Heinrich XIX, Prince (1817–1836)
• Heinrich XX, Prince (1836–1859)

• Reuss-Lobenstein (complete list) –

• , Prince (1805–1824)
• Heinrich LXXII, Prince of Reuss-Ebersdorf (1822–1848), of Reuss-Lobenstein (1824–1848)

• Salm-Horstmar (complete list) –

• Frederick Charles Augustus, Count (1803–1813)
• Wilhelm Friedrich, Prince (1816–1865)

• Salm-Kyrburg (complete list) –

• Frederick IV, Prince (1794–1813)

• Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach (complete list) –

• Francis Wenceslaus, Altgrave (1769–1811)

• Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz (complete list) –

• Charles Joseph, Altgrave (1769–1790), Prince (1790–1811)

• Salm-Salm (complete list) –

• Konstantin Alexander, Prince (1778–1813)

• Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (complete list) –

• Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1806–1826), of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1826–1844)

• Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (complete list) –

• Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1806–1826), of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1826–1844)
• Ernest II, Duke (1844–1893)

• Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (complete list) –

• Augustus, Duke (1804–1822)
• Frederick IV, Duke (1822–1825)

• Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Hildburghausen (complete list) –

• Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826), of Saxe-Altenburg (1826–1834)
• Joseph, Duke (1834–1848)
• Georg, Duke (1848–1853)

• Saxe-Meiningen (complete list) –

• Louise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Regent (1803–1821)
• Bernhard II, Duke (1803–1866)

• Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (complete list) –

• Karl August, Duke (1758–1815), Grand Duke (1815–1828)
• Charles Frederick, Grand Duke (1828–1853)

• Kingdom of Saxony (complete list) –

• Frederick Augustus the Just, Elector (1763–1806), King (1806–1827)
• Anthony, King (1827–1836)
• Frederick Augustus II, King (1836–1854)

• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (complete list) –

• Louis Frederick II, Prince (1793–1807)
• Caroline Louise of Hesse-Homburg, Regent (1807–1814)
• Frederick Günther, Prince (1807–1867)

• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (complete list) –

•  [de], Prince (1794–1835)
•  [de], Prince (1835–1880)

• Duchy of Teschen (Cieszyn) (complete list) –

• Albert Casimir, Duke (1766–1822)
• Charles, Duke (1822–1847)
• Albert, Duke (1847–1849)

• Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont (complete list) –

• Friedrich Karl August, Prince (1763–1812)
• George I, Prince (1812–1813)
• George II, Prince (1813–1845)
• George Victor, Prince (1845–1893)

• Kingdom of Württemberg (complete list) –

• Frederick I, Duke (1797–1803), Elector (1803–1805), King (1805–1816)
• William I, King (1816–1864)

• Ysenburg and Büdingen (complete list) –

•  [de], Count (1801–1840), Prince (1840–1848)
• Ernest Casimir II, Prince (1848–1861)

Europe: East[]

Romania

• Moldavia (complete list) –

• Constantin Ipsilanti, Prince (1799–1801)
• Alexandru Suțu, Prince (1801–1802)
• , Chancellor (1802)
• Scarlat Callimachi, Prince (1806, 1807–1810, 1812–1819)
• Russian occupation (1806–1812)
• Bessarabia is placed under Imperial Russian rule in 1812.
• Alexandru Hangerli, Prince (1807)
• , Kaymakam (1807)
• , Kaymakam (1807–1812, 1821)
• Mihail Suțu, Prince (1819–1821)
• Stolnici
  Manu and Rizos-Nerulos
• Alexander Ypsilantis, military commander of Filiki Eteria occupation (1821)
• Stefan Bogoridi, Kaymakam (1821–1822)
• Ioan Sturdza, Prince (1822–1828)
• Fyodor Pahlen, Pyotr Zheltukhin, and Pavel Kiseleff, military commanders of Russian occupation (1828–1834)
• Organic Statute government (1832–1856)
• Mihail Sturdza, Prince (1834–1849)
• Grigore Alexandru Ghica, Prince (1849–1853, 1854–1856)

• Principality of Wallachia (complete list) –

• Alexandru Moruzi, Prince (1793–1796, 1799–1801)
• Alexandru Suțu, Prince (1802)
• Constantin Ypsilanti, Prince (1802–1806)
• Russian occupation (1806–1812)
• Ioan Gheorghe Caragea, Prince (1812–1818)
• Grigore Brâncovenu, Kaymakam (1818)
• Alexandru Suțu, Prince (1818–1821)
• Grigore Brâncoveanu, Kaymakam (1821)
• Tudor Vladimirescu, Prince (1821)
• Scarlat Callimachi, Prince (1821)
• Grigore IV Ghica, Prince (1822–1828)
• Fyodor Pahlen, Pyotr Zheltukhin, and Pavel Kiseleff, military commanders (1828–1834)
• Organic Statute government (1832–1856)
• Alexandru II Ghica, Prince (1834–1842)
• Gheorghe Bibescu, Prince (1842–1848)
• Provisional Government (1848)
• Locotenența domnească, Regency of three (1848)
• Omar Pasha and Alexander von Lüders, military commanders (1848–1851)
• Constantin Cantacuzino, Kaymakam (1848)
• Barbu Știrbei, Prince (1848–1853, 1854–1856)

Russia

• Russian Empire

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Paul, Emperor (1796–1801)
• Alexander I, Emperor (1801–1825)
• Nicholas I, Emperor (1825–1855)

• Heads of government (complete list) –

• Alexander Vorontsov, de facto head of government (1802–1804)
• Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, de facto head of government (1804–1806)
• Andrei Yakovlevich Budberg, de facto head of government (1806–1807)
• Nikolay Rumyantsev, de facto head of government (1807–1810), Chairman of the committee of ministers (1810–1812)
• Nikolai Saltykov, Chairman of the committee of ministers (1812–1816)
• Pyotr Lopukhin, Chairman of the committee of ministers (1816–1827)
• Viktor Kochubey, Chairman of the committee of ministers (1827–1834)
• Nikolay Novosiltsev, Chairman of the committee of ministers (1834–1838)
• Illarion Vasilchikov, Chairman of the committee of ministers (1838–1847)
• , Chairman of the committee of ministers (1847–1848)
• Alexander Chernyshyov, Chairman of the committee of ministers (1848–1856)

• Caucasian Imamate –

• Ghazi Muhammad, Imam (1828–1832)
• Gamzat-bek, Imam (1832–1834)
• Shamil, Imam (1834–1859)

Ukraine

• Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria (complete list) –

1795–1804, kingdom of the Habsburg Monarchy

• Francis II, King (1792–1835)

1804–1918, crownland of the Austrian Empire

• Francis II, King (1792–1835)
• Ferdinand I, King (1835–1848)
• Francis Joseph I, King (1848–1916)

Europe: Nordic[]

Denmark

• Denmark–Norway (complete list / complete list) –

• Christian VII, King (1766–1808)
• Frederick VI, King (1808–1839)

• Denmark

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Frederick VI, King (1808–1839)
• Christian VIII, King (1839–1848)
• Frederik VII, King (1848–1863)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Adam Wilhelm Moltke, Prime minister (1848–1852)

• Duchy of Schleswig (complete list) –

• Christian VII, Duke (1766–1808)
• Frederick VI, Duke (1808–1839)
• Christian VIII, Duke (1839–1848)
• Frederik VII, Duke (1848–1863)

Finland

• Grand Duchy of Finland (complete list) –

• Alexander I, Grand Prince (1809–1825)
• Nicholas I, Grand Prince (1825–1855)

Norway

• Kingdom of Norway (1814) (complete list) –

• Christian VIII, Regent (1814), King (1814)

Sweden

• Gustavian era Sweden (complete list) –

• Gustav IV Adolf, King (1792–1809)
• Charles XIII, King of Sweden (1809–1818), King of Norway (1814–1818)

Sweden–Norway

• Sweden–Norway

• Monarchs (complete list, complete list) –

• Charles XIII, King of Sweden (1809–1818) King of Norway (1814–1818)
• Charles XIV/III John, King (1818–1844)
• Oscar I, King (1844–1859)

• Heads of government in Norway (complete list) –

First ministers in Christiania, Norway

• Frederik Gottschalk von Haxthausen, First Minister (1814)
• Marcus Gjøe Rosenkrantz, First Minister (1814–1815)
• Mathias Sommerhielm, First Minister (1815–1822)
• Jonas Collett, First Minister (1822–1836)
• Nicolai Johan Lohmann Krog, First Minister (1836–1855)

Europe: Southcentral[]

Italy

• Italian Republic (Napoleonic) –

Sister republic of France, 1802–1805

• Napoleon, President (1802–1805)

• Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) –

Sister republic of France, 1805–1814

• Napoleon, King (1805–1814)

• Principality of Elba –

• Napoleon, Sovereign (1814–1815)

• Kingdom of Etruria (complete list) –

• Louis I, King (1801–1803)
• Maria Luisa, Regent (1803–1807)
• Charles Louis II, King (1803–1807)

• Ligurian Republic –

• Girolamo Luigi Durazzo, Doge (1797–1805)
• (complete list) –

of France, 1797–1805

For details see France under western Europe

• Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (complete list) –

• Francis I, King (1815–1835)
• Ferdinand I, King (1835–1848)
• Francis Joseph I, King (1848–1866)

• Principality of Lucca and Piombino –

• client state of France
• Elisa Bonaparte, Princess (1805–1814)

• Duchy of Lucca –

• Maria Luisa, Duchess (1815–1824)
• Charles I, Duke (1824–1847)

• Duchy of Massa and Principality of Carrara (complete list) –

• Elisa Bonaparte, ruler (1806–1814)
• Maria Beatrice, Duchess and Princess (1790–1796, 1815–1829)

• Duchy of Modena (complete list) –

• Francesco IV, Duke (1814–1846)
• Francesco V, Duke (1846–1859)

• Kingdom of Naples (complete list) –

• Ferdinand IV, King (1799–1806)
• Joseph I, King (1806–1808)
• Joachim I the Dandy King, King (1808–1815)
• Ferdinand IV, King of Sicily (1759–1816), of Naples (1815–1816), of the Two Sicilies (1816–1825)

• Duchy of Parma (complete list) –

• Ferdinand, Duke (1765–1802)
• Cambacérès, Duke (1808–1814)
• Lebrun, Duke (1808–1814)
• Marie Louise, Duke (1814–1847)
• Charles Louis, Duke (1847–1849)
• Charles III, Duke (1849–1854)

• Roman Republic (1849) –

• Giuseppe Mazzini, Carlo Armellini, Aurelio Saffi, Triumvirate (1849)

• Kingdom of Sardinia, Duchy of Savoy (complete list, complete list) –

• Charles Emmanuel IV, King of Sardinia (1796–1802)
• Victor Emmanuel I, King of Sardinia (1802–1821), Duke of Savoy (1814–1821)
• Charles Felix, King of Sardinia, Duke of Savoy (1821–1831)
• Charles Albert, King of Sardinia, Duke of Savoy (1831–1849)
• Victor Emmanuel II, King of Sardinia, Duke of Savoy (1849–1861)

• Kingdom of Trinacria: Sicily (complete list) –

• Ferdinand IV, King of Sicily (1759–1816), of Naples (1815–1816), of the Two Sicilies (1816–1825)

• Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (complete list) –

• Ferdinand I, King of Sicily (1759–1816), of Naples (1815–1816), of the Two Sicilies (1816–1825)
• Francis I, King (1825–1830)
• Ferdinand II, King (1830–1859)

• Grand Duchy of Tuscany (complete list) –

• Ferdinando III, Grand Duke (1790–1801, 1814–1824)
• Leopoldo II, Grand Duke (1824–1849, 1849–1859)

Malta

• Malta Protectorate (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1800–1813

• Crown Colony of Malta (complete list) –

British colony, 1813–1964

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Gozo –

• Ferdinand, King (1798–1802)

San Marino

• San Marino

• Captains Regent (1700–1900) –

• , , Captains Regent (1800–1801)
• , , Captains Regent (1801)
• , , Captains Regent (1801–1802)
• , , Captains Regent (1802)
• , , Captains Regent (1802–1803)
• , , Captains Regent (1803)
• Antonio Onofri, , Captains Regent (1803–1804)
• , , Captains Regent (1804)
• , , Captains Regent (1804–1805)
• , , Captains Regent (1805)
• , , Captains Regent (1805–1806)
• , , Captains Regent (1806)
• , Pietro Berti, Captains Regent (1806–1807)
• Antonio Onofri, , Captains Regent (1807)
• , , Captains Regent (1807–1808)
• , , Captains Regent (1808)
• , , Captains Regent (1808–1809)
• , , Captains Regent (1809)
• , , Captains Regent (1809–1810)
• Lodovico Belluzzi, , Captains Regent (1810)
• Antonio Onofri, , Captains Regent (1810–1811)
• , , Captains Regent (1811)
• , , Captains Regent (1811–1812)
• , , Captains Regent (1812)
• , , Captains Regent (1812–1813)
• , , Captains Regent (1813)
• , , Captains Regent (1813–1814)
• , , Captains Regent (1814)
• Lodovico Belluzzi, , Captains Regent (1814–1815)
• , , Captains Regent (1815)
• , , Captains Regent (1815–1816)
• , Pietro Berti, Captains Regent (1816)
• , , Captains Regent (1816–1817)
• Antonio Onofri, , Captains Regent (1817)
• , , Captains Regent (1817–1818)
• , , Captains Regent (1818)
• , , Captains Regent (1818–1819)
• , , Captains Regent (1819)
• , , Captains Regent (1819–1820)
• , , Captains Regent (1820)
• , , Captains Regent (1820–1821)
• Antonio Onofri, , Captains Regent (1821)
• , Pietro Berti, Captains Regent (1821–1822)
• , , Captains Regent (1822)
• , , Captains Regent (1822–1823)
• , , Captains Regent (1823)
• , , Captains Regent (1823–1824)
• Lodovico Belluzzi, , Captains Regent (1824)
• , , Captains Regent (1824–1825)
• , Pietro Berti, Captains Regent (1825)
• , , Captains Regent (1825–1826)
• , , Captains Regent (1826)
• , , Captains Regent (1826–1827)
• , , Captains Regent (1827)
• Lodovico Belluzzi, , Captains Regent (1827–1828)
• , , Captains Regent (1828)
• , , Captains Regent (1828–1829)
• , , Captains Regent (1829)
• , , Captains Regent (1829–1830)
• , , Captains Regent (1830)
• , , Captains Regent (1830–1831)
• Lodovico Belluzzi, , Captains Regent (1831)
• , , Captains Regent (1831–1832)
• , , Captains Regent (1832)
• , , Captains Regent (1832–1833)
• , , Captains Regent (1833)
• , , Captains Regent (1833–1834)
• Lodovico Belluzzi, , Captains Regent (1834)
• , , Captains Regent (1834–1835)
• / , , Captains Regent (1835)
• , , Captains Regent (1835–1836)
• , , Captains Regent (1836)
• , , Captains Regent (1836–1837)
• , , Captains Regent (1837)
• , , Captains Regent (1837–1838)
• , , Captains Regent (1838)
• , Domenico Maria Belzoppi, Captains Regent (1838–1839)
• , , Captains Regent (1839)
• , , Captains Regent (1839–1840)
• , , Captains Regent (1840)
• , , Captains Regent (1840–1841)
• , , Captains Regent (1841)
• , , Captains Regent (1841–1842)
• Domenico Maria Belzoppi, , Captains Regent (1842)
• , , Captains Regent (1842–1843)
• , , Captains Regent (1843)
• Lodovico Belluzzi, , Captains Regent (1843–1844)
• , , Captains Regent (1844)
• , , Captains Regent (1844–1845)
• , , Captains Regent (1845)
• Domenico Maria Belzoppi, , Captains Regent (1845–1846)
• , , Captains Regent (1846)
• , , Captains Regent (1846–1847)
• , , Captains Regent (1847)
• , , Captains Regent (1847–1848)
• , , Captains Regent (1848)
• , , Captains Regent (1848–1849)
• Domenico Maria Belzoppi, , Captains Regent (1849)
• , , Captains Regent (1849–1850)
• , , Captains Regent (1850)
• , , Captains Regent (1850–1851)

Vatican City

• Papal States (complete list) –

• Pius VII, Pope (1800–1823)
• Leo XII, Pope (1823–1829)
• Pius VIII, Pope (1829–1830)
• Gregory XVI, Pope (1831–1846)
• Pius IX, Pope (1846–1878)

Europe: Southwest[]

Andorra

• Andorra

• Episcopal Co-Princes (complete list) –

• Francesc Antoni de la Dueña y Cisneros, Episcopal Co-Prince (1797–1816)
• Bernat Francés Caballero i Mathet, Episcopal Co-Prince (1817–1824)
• Bonifaci López i Pulido, Episcopal Co-Prince (1824–1827)
• Simó de Guardiola i Hortoneda, Episcopal Co-Prince (1827–1851)

• French Co-Princes (complete list) –

• Napoleon I, French Co-Prince (1806–1812, 1813–1814, 1815)
• Louis XVIII, French Co-Prince (1814–1815, 1815–1824)
• Napoleon II, French Co-Prince (1815)
• Charles X, French Co-Prince (1824–1830)
• Louis Philippe I, French Co-Prince (1830–1848)
• Napoléon III, French Co-Prince (1848–1870)

Portugal

• Kingdom of Portugal

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Maria I, Queen (1777–1816)
• John VI, King (1816–1826)
• Pedro IV, King (1826–1826)
• Maria II, Queen (1826–1828, 1834–1853)
• Miguel I, King (1828–1834)
• Ferdinand II, King (1837–1853)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Prime minister (1834–1835)
• Vitório Maria de Sousa Coutinho, Prime minister (1835)
• João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira e Daun, Prime minister (1835)
• José Jorge Loureiro, Prime minister (1835–1836)
• António Severim de Noronha, Prime minister (1836)
• José da Gama Carneiro e Sousa, Prime minister (1836)
• Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Prime minister (1836–1837)
• António Dias de Oliveira, Prime minister (1837)
• Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Prime minister (1837–1839)
• Rodrigo Pinto Pizarro, Prime minister (1839)
• José Travassos Valdez, Prime minister (1839–1841)
• Joaquim António de Aguiar, Prime minister (1841–1842)
• Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Prime minister (1842)
• António Bernardo da Costa Cabral, Prime minister (1842–1846)
• Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Prime minister (1846)
• João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira e Daun, Prime minister (1846–1849)
• António Bernardo da Costa Cabral, Prime minister (1849–1851)

Spain

• Bourbon Spain (complete list) –

• Charles IV, King (1788–1808)
• Ferdinand VII, King (1808)

• Napoleonic Spain

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Joseph Bonaparte, King (1808–1813)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mariano Luis de Urquijo, Prime minister (1808–1813)
• Juan O'Donoju O'Ryan, Prime minister (1813)
• , Prime minister (1813)

• Kingdom of Spain (1810–1873) (complete list) –

• Ferdinand VII, King (1813–1833)
• Isabella II, Queen (1833–1868)

Europe: West[]

Belgium

• Belgium

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier, Regent (1831)
• Leopold I, King (1831–1865)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Etienne Constantin de Gerlache, Prime minister (1831)
• Joseph Lebeau, Prime minister (1831)
• Félix de Muelenaere, Prime minister (1831–1832)
• Albert Joseph Goblet d'Alviella, Prime minister (1832–1834)
• Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt, Prime minister (1834–1840)
• Joseph Lebeau, Prime minister (1840–1841)
• Jean-Baptiste Nothomb, Prime minister (1841–1845)
• Sylvain Van de Weyer, Prime minister (1845–1846)
• Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt, Prime minister (1846–1847)
• Charles Rogier, Prime minister (1847–1852)

France

• French First Republic (complete list) –

• Napoleon I, First Consul (1799–1804)

• First French Empire (complete list) –

• Napoleon I, Emperor (1804–1814, 1815)
• Napoleon II, Emperor (1815)

• Bourbon Restoration of France

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Louis XVIII, King (1814–1815, 1815–1824)
• Charles X, King (1824–1830)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, Prime minister (1815)
• Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Prime minister (1815–1818)
• Jean-Joseph, Marquis Dessolles, Prime minister (1818–1819)
• Élie, duc Decazes, Prime minister (1819–1820)
• rmand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Prime minister (1820–1821)
• Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, Prime minister (1821–1828)
• Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac, Prime minister (1828–1829)
• Jules de Polignac, Prime minister (1829–1830)

• July Monarchy of France

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Louis Philippe I, King (1830–1848)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Victor de Broglie, Prime minister (1830)
• Jacques Laffitte, Prime minister (1830–1831)
• Casimir Pierre Périer, Prime minister (1831–1832)
• Jean-de-Dieu Soult, Prime minister (1832–1834)
• Étienne Maurice Gérard, Prime minister (1834)
• Hugues-Bernard Maret, Prime minister (1834)
• Édouard Mortier, Prime minister (1834–1835)
• Victor de Broglie, Prime minister (1835–1836)
• Adolphe Thiers, Prime minister (1836)
• Louis-Mathieu Molé, Prime minister (1836–1839)
• Jean-de-Dieu Soult, Prime minister (1839–1840)
• Adolphe Thiers, Prime minister (1840)
• Jean-de-Dieu Soult, Prime minister (1840–1847)
• François Guizot, Prime minister (1847–1848)
• Louis-Mathieu Molé, Prime minister (1848)

• French Second Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure, President of the provisional government (1848)
• Executive Commission: François Arago (President), Alphonse de Lamartine, Louis-Antoine Garnier-Pagès, Alexandre Auguste Ledru-Rollin, Pierre Marie de Saint-Georges (1848)
• Louis-Eugène Cavaignac, Chief of the Executive Power (1848)
• Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, President (1848–1852)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure, Prime minister (1848)
• François Arago, Prime minister (1848)
• Louis-Eugène Cavaignac, Prime minister (1848)
• Odilon Barrot, Prime minister (1848–1849)
• Alphonse Henri, comte d'Hautpoul, Prime minister (1849–1851)

Luxembourg

• Luxembourg

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• William I, Grand Duke (1815–1840)
• William II, Grand Duke (1840–1849)
• William III, Grand Duke (1849–1890)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Gaspard-Théodore-Ignace de la Fontaine, Prime minister (1848)
• Jean-Jacques Willmar, Prime minister (1848–1853)

Monaco

• Monaco (complete list) –

• Honoré IV, Prince (1814–1819)
• Honoré V, Prince (1819–1841)
• Florestan I, Prince (1841–1856)

Netherlands

• Batavian Republic –

• Uitvoerend Bewind (1798–1801)

• Kingdom of Holland (complete list) –

• Louis Bonaparte, King (1806–1810)
• Napoléon Louis Bonaparte, King (1810)

• Sovereign Principality/ United Kingdom of the Netherlands (complete list) –

• William I, Sovereign Prince (1813–1815), King (1815–1840)

• Kingdom of the Netherlands

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• William I, Sovereign Prince (1813–1815), King (1815–1840)
• William II, King (1840–1849)
• William III, King (1849–1890)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Gerrit Schimmelpenninck, Prime minister (1848)
• Jacob de Kempenaer, Prime minister (1848–1849)
• Johan Rudolph Thorbecke, Prime minister (1849–1853)

Eurasia: Caucasus[]

Azerbaijan

• Baku Khanate (complete list) –

• Mirza Muhammad II, Khan (1797–1801)
• Husayn Quli, Khan (1801–1806)

• Ganja Khanate (complete list) –

• Javad, Khan (1786–1804)

• Nakhichevan Khanate (complete list) –^[59]

• Kalbali, Khan (1787–1823)
• Ehsan Kangarlu,^[60] Khan (1823–1828)
• ,^[61] Khan (1828–1834)

• Quba Khanate (complete list) –

• Shaykh Ali Agha, Khan (1791–1806)
• Husayn, Khan (1806–1816)

Georgia

• Principality of Abkhazia (complete list) –

• Keilash Ahmed–Bey, Prince (c.1780–1808)
• Aslan-Bey, Prince (1808–1810)
• Sefer Ali–Bey, Prince (1810–1821)
• Umar–Bey, Prince (1821–1822)
• Mikhail, Prince (1822–1864)

• Kingdom of Imereti (complete list) –

• Solomon II, King (1789–1790, 1792–1810)

• Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (complete list) –

• David Bagrationi, Regent (1800–1801)

Russia: Dagestan

• Avar Khanate –

• Umma, Khan (1774–1801)

• Gazikumukh Khanate (complete list) –

• Surkhay ibn Muhammad, Khan (1789–1820)
• Aslan ibn Shakhmardan, Khan (1820–1836)
• Nutsal-Aga ibn Aslan, Khan (1836–1836)
• Muhammad-Mirza ibn Aslan, Khan (1836–1838)
• Ummu Kulsum-Beke, Khan (1838–1841)
• Abdurrahman ibn Umar, Khan (1841–1847)
• Aglar ibn Umar, Khan (1847–1859)

Oceania[]

Australia and Papua New Guinea[]

Australia

• Colony of New South Wales (complete list) –

British colony, 1788–1900

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Papua New Guinea

• German New Guinea (complete list) –

German colony, 1884–1919

For details see the German Empire under central Europe

• Territory of Papua (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1884–1888

British colony, 1888–1902

For details see the United Kingdom under the British Isles, Europe

Pacific[]

Chile

• Easter Island (complete list) –

• Te Kena, King (?)
• Te Tite Anga Henua, King (?)
• Nga'ara, King (c.1835–pre-1860)

Fiji

French Polynesia

• Kings of Alo

• , King (1784–c.1839)
• , King (c.1839–1841)
• Musumusu, Regent (1841–1844)
• , King (1844–1862)

• Kingdom of Bora Bora (complete list) –

• Tapoa I, King (1772–1812)
• and , rulers (1812–1831)
• Tapoa II, King (1831–1860)

• Kingdom of Huahine (complete list) –

• Tenania, King (1793–1810)
• Mahine Teheiura, King (1810–1815)
• Teriʻitaria II, Queen (1815–1852)

• Mangareva (complete list) –

• Te Oa, son of Te Ariki-tea and Toatau King (?)
• Te Mateoa (or Mapu-rure), King (?–c.1831)^[62]
• Te Ika-tohora, King (?–c.1824)^[62]
• Te Maputeoa, Gregorio I, King (1830–1857)^[63]

• Kingdom of Raiatea (complete list) –

• Tamatoa III, King (1820–1831)
• Tamatoa IV, King (1831–1857)

• Kings of Sigave

• , King (1800–1839)
• , King (1842–1851)

• Kings of Uvea (Wallis)

• Manuka, King (1767–1810)
• Tufele I, King (1810–1818)
• Muliakaaka, King (1820–1825)
• Uhila, King (1825)
• Toifale, Queen (1825)
• Mulitoto, King (1825–1826)
• Soane-Patita Vaimua Lavelua, King (1826–1829)
• Takala, King (1829–1830)
• Soane-Patita Vaimua Lavelua, King (1830–1858)

New Zealand

• Colony of New Zealand (complete list) –

British colony, 1841–1907

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Monarchy of Niue (complete list) –

• Patua-valu, Patu-iki (?)
• Galiga, Patu-iki (?)

• Kingdom of Rarotonga (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1888–1901

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• , High Chief (?–1823)
• Makea Pori Ariki, High Chief (1823–1839)
• , High Chief (1839–1845)
• Makea Te Vaerua Ariki, Queen Regnant (1845–1857)

Samoa and American Samoa

• Malietoa dynasty –

• Vai'inupo, Malietoa (?–1841)
• Malietoa Natuitasina, Malietoa (1841–1858)

• Manuʻa Islands (complete list) –

• Seiuli, Manu’a (?)
• U’uolelaoa, Manu’a (?)
• Fagaese, Manu’a (?)
• Tauveve, Manu’a (?)

Solomon Islands

Tonga

• Tuʻi Tonga Empire (complete list) –

• Tupoumālohi, Tuʻi Kanokupolu (1799–1812)
• Tupoutoʻa, Tuʻi Kanokupolu (1808–1820)
• Aleamotuʻa/ Josiah Tupou, Tuʻi Kanokupolu (c.1820–1845)

• Tuʻi Kanokupolu of Tonga (complete list) –

• George Tupou I/ Tāufaʻāhau, King (1845–1893)

Tuvalu

United Kingdom

• Pitcairn Island (complete list) –

• John Adams, Leader (1800–1829)
• Joshua Hill, President (1832–1838)

Became a British colony

United States: Hawaii

• Kauai (complete list) –

• Kaumualiʻi, King of Kaua'i and Ni'ihau (1794–1810)

• Hawaiian Kingdom

• Kings (complete list) –

• Kamehameha I, King (1795–1819)
• Kamehameha II, King (1819–1824)
• Kamehameha III, King (1825–1854)

• Kuhina Nui (complete list) –

• Kaʻahumanu I, Kuhina Nui (1819–1832)
• Kaʻahumanu II, Kuhina Nui (1832–1839)
• Kaʻahumanu III, Kuhina Nui (1839–1845)
• Keoni Ana, Kuhina Nui (1845–1855)

Vanuatu

See also[]

• List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century
• List of political entities in the 19th century
• List of state leaders in the 19th-century Holy Roman Empire
• List of state leaders in 19th-century British South Asia subsidiary states

References[]