List of current heads of state and government

This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government. In some cases, mainly in presidential systems, there is only one leader being both head of state and head of government. In other cases, mainly in semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of state and the head of government are different people. In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government role (i.e. executive branch) is fulfilled by both the listed head of government and the head of state.

The list includes the names of recently elected or appointed heads of state and government who will take office on an appointed date, as presidents-elect and prime ministers-designate, and those leading a government in exile if internationally recognised.

Member and observer states of the United Nations

Colour key
Green cells indicate leaders whose offices constitutionally administer the executive of their respective state/government.
Blue cells indicate non–ceremonial heads of state with limited power (e.g. Bhutan) or de facto government leaders whose offices lack de jure constitutional power (e.g. Peru).

Note: Names in small font generally denote acting, transitional, temporary leaders, or representatives. Other notes and exceptions are provided at § Notes.

State	Head of state	Head of government
Afghanistan	Head – Hibatullah Akhundzada
Afghanistan	Acting Prime Minister – Mohammad Hassan Akhund
Albania	President – Ilir Meta	Prime Minister – Edi Rama
Algeria	President – Abdelmadjid Tebboune	Prime Minister – Aymen Benabderrahmane
Andorra	Episcopal Co-Prince – Joan Enric Vives i Sicília Co-Prince's Representative – Josep Maria Mauri French Co-Prince – Emmanuel Macron^[α] Co-Prince's Representative – Patrick Strzoda	Head of Government – Xavier Espot Zamora
Angola	President – João Lourenço
Antigua and Barbuda	Queen – Elizabeth II^[β] Governor-General – Sir Rodney Williams	Prime Minister – Gaston Browne
Argentina	President – Alberto Fernández
Armenia	President – Armen Sarksyan	Prime Minister – Nikol Pashinyan
Australia	Queen – Elizabeth II^[β] Governor-General – David Hurley	Prime Minister – Scott Morrison
Austria	President – Alexander Van der Bellen	Federal Chancellor – Sebastian Kurz
Azerbaijan	President – Ilham Aliyev	Prime Minister – Ali Asadov
Bahamas, The	Queen – Elizabeth II^[β] Governor-General – Sir Cornelius A. Smith	Prime Minister – Philip Davis
Bahrain	King – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa	Prime Minister – Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa
Bangladesh	President – Abdul Hamid	Prime Minister – Sheikh Hasina
Barbados	Queen – Elizabeth II^[β] Governor-General – Dame Sandra Mason	Prime Minister – Mia Mottley
Belarus	President – Alexander Lukashenko	Prime Minister – Roman Golovchenko
Belgium	King – Philippe	Prime Minister – Alexander De Croo
Belize	Queen – Elizabeth II^[β] Governor-General – Froyla Tzalam	Prime Minister – Juan Briceño
Benin	President – Patrice Talon
Bhutan	King – Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck	Prime Minister – Lotay Tshering
Bolivia	President – Luis Arce
Bosnia and Herzegovina	High Representative – Christian Schmidt
	Presidency^[γ]	Chairman of the Council of Ministers – Zoran Tegeltija
	Željko Komšić (as Chairman)
	Milorad Dodik (as Member) Šefik Džaferović (as Member)
Botswana	President – Mokgweetsi Masisi
Brazil	President – Jair Bolsonaro
Brunei	Sultan and Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah
Bulgaria	President – Rumen Radev	Prime Minister – Stefan Yanev
Burkina Faso	President – Roch Marc Christian Kaboré	Prime Minister – Christophe Joseph Marie Dabiré
Burundi	President – Évariste Ndayishimiye^[δ]	Prime Minister – Alain-Guillaume Bunyoni
Cambodia	King – Norodom Sihamoni	Prime Minister – Hun Sen
Cameroon	President – Paul Biya^[δ]	Prime Minister – Joseph Ngute
Canada	Queen – Elizabeth II^[β] Governor General – Mary Simon	Prime Minister – Justin Trudeau
Cape Verde	President – Jorge Carlos Fonseca	Prime Minister – Ulisses Correia e Silva
Central African Republic	President – Faustin-Archange Touadéra^[δ]	Prime Minister – Henri-Marie Dondra
Chad	Chairman of the Transitional Military Council – Mahamat Déby
Chad	Interim President – Mahamat Déby	Acting Prime Minister – Albert Pahimi Padacké
Chile	President – Sebastián Piñera
China	General Secretary of the Communist Party – Xi Jinping
China	President – Xi Jinping	Premier of the State Council – Li Keqiang
Colombia	President – Iván Duque
Comoros	President – Azali Assoumani
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	President – Félix Tshisekedi	Prime Minister – Jean-Michel Sama Lukonde
Congo, Republic of the	President – Denis Sassou Nguesso	Prime Minister – Anatole Collinet Makosso
Costa Rica	President – Carlos Alvarado Quesada
Croatia	President – Zoran Milanović	Prime Minister – Andrej Plenković
Cuba	First Secretary of the Communist Party – Miguel Díaz-Canel
Cuba	President – Miguel Díaz-Canel	Prime Minister – Manuel Marrero Cruz
Cyprus	President – Nicos Anastasiades
Czech Republic	President – Miloš Zeman	Prime Minister – Andrej Babiš
Denmark	Queen – Margrethe II	Prime Minister – Mette Frederiksen
Djibouti	President – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh^[δ]	Prime Minister – Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed
Dominica	President – Charles Savarin	Prime Minister – Roosevelt Skerrit
Dominican Republic	President – Luis Abinader
East Timor	President – Francisco Guterres	Prime Minister – Taur Matan Ruak
Ecuador	President – Guillermo Lasso
Egypt	President – Abdel Fattah el-Sisi	Prime Minister – Mostafa Madbouly
El Salvador	President – Nayib Bukele
Equatorial Guinea	President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo^[δ]	Prime Minister – Francisco Pascual Obama Asue
Eritrea	Chairman of the People's Front for Democracy and Justice – Isaias Afwerki
Eritrea	President – Isaias Afwerki
Estonia	President – Kersti Kaljulaid President-elect – Alar Karis	Prime Minister – Kaja Kallas
Eswatini	King – Mswati III	Prime Minister – Cleopas Dlamini
Ethiopia	President – Sahle-Work Zewde	Prime Minister – Abiy Ahmed
Fiji	President – Jioji Konrote	Prime Minister – Frank Bainimarama
Finland	President – Sauli Niinistö	Prime Minister – Sanna Marin
France	President – Emmanuel Macron^[α]	Prime Minister – Jean Castex
Gabon	President – Ali Bongo Ondimba^[δ]	Prime Minister – Rose Christiane Raponda
Gambia, The	President – Adama Barrow
Georgia	President – Salome Zourabichvili	Prime Minister – Irakli Garibashvili
Germany	President – Frank-Walter Steinmeier	Federal Chancellor – Angela Merkel
Ghana	President – Nana Akufo-Addo
Greece	President – Katerina Sakellaropoulou	Prime Minister – Kyriakos Mitsotakis
Grenada	Queen – Elizabeth II^[β] Governor-General – Dame Cécile La Grenade	Prime Minister – Keith Mitchell
Guatemala	President – Alejandro Giammattei
Guinea	Chairman of the National Committee of Reconciliation and Development – Mamady Doumbouya
Guinea-Bissau	President – Umaro Sissoco Embaló	Prime Minister – Nuno Gomes Nabiam
Guyana	President – Irfaan Ali^[δ]	Prime Minister – Mark Phillips
Haiti	Interim President – Ariel Henry	Prime Minister – Ariel Henry
Honduras	President – Juan Orlando Hernández
Hungary	President – János Áder	Prime Minister – Viktor Orbán
Iceland	President – Guðni Th. Jóhannesson	Prime Minister – Katrín Jakobsdóttir
India	President – Ram Nath Kovind	Prime Minister – Narendra Modi
Indonesia	President – Joko Widodo
Iran	Supreme Leader – Ali Khamenei^[ε]	President – Ebrahim Raisi
Iraq	President – Barham Salih	Prime Minister – Mustafa Al-Kadhimi
Ireland	President – Michael D. Higgins	Taoiseach – Micheál Martin
Israel	President – Isaac Herzog	Prime Minister – Naftali Bennett
Italy	President – Sergio Mattarella	President of the Council of Ministers – Mario Draghi
Ivory Coast	President – Alassane Ouattara^[δ]	Prime Minister – Patrick Achi
Jamaica	Queen – Elizabeth II^[β] Governor-General – Sir Patrick Allen	Prime Minister – Andrew Holness
Japan	Emperor – Naruhito^[ζ]	Prime Minister – Yoshihide Suga
Jordan	King – Abdullah II	Prime Minister – Bisher Al-Khasawneh
Kazakhstan	Chairman of the Security Council – Nursultan Nazarbayev
Kazakhstan	President – Qasym-Zhomart Toqaev	Prime Minister – Asqar Mamin
Kenya	President – Uhuru Kenyatta
Kiribati	President – Taneti Maamau
Kuwait	Emir – Sheikh Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah	Prime Minister – Sheikh Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah
Kyrgyzstan	President – Sadyr Japarov^[δ]	Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers – Ulukbek Maripov
Laos	General Secretary of the People's Revolutionary Party – Thongloun Sisoulith
Laos	President – Thongloun Sisoulith	Prime Minister – Phankham Viphavanh
Latvia	President – Egils Levits	Prime Minister – Krišjānis Kariņš
Lebanon	President – Michel Aoun	President of the Council of Ministers – Najib Mikati
Lesotho	King – Letsie III	Prime Minister – Moeketsi Majoro
Liberia	President – George Weah
Libya
	Presidential Council^[η]	Prime Minister – Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh
	Mohamed al-Menfi (as Chairman)
	(as Member) Musa al-Koni (as Member)
Liechtenstein	Prince Regnant – Hans-Adam II	Head of Government – Daniel Risch
Liechtenstein	Regent – Hereditary Prince Alois	Head of Government – Daniel Risch
Lithuania	President – Gitanas Nausėda	Prime Minister – Ingrida Šimonytė
Luxembourg	Grand Duke – Henri	Prime Minister – Xavier Bettel
Madagascar	President – Andry Rajoelina	Prime Minister – Christian Ntsay
Malawi	President – Lazarus Chakwera
Malaysia	Yang di-Pertuan Agong – Abdullah Sultan Ahmad Shah	Prime Minister – Ismail Sabri Yaakob
Maldives	President – Ibrahim Mohamed Solih
Mali	Interim President – Assimi Goïta	Acting Prime Minister – Choguel Kokalla Maïga
Malta	President – George Vella	Prime Minister – Robert Abela
Marshall Islands	President – David Kabua
Mauritania	President – Mohamed Ould Ghazouani	Prime Minister – Mohamed Ould Bilal
Mauritius	President – Prithvirajsing Roopun	Prime Minister – Pravind Jugnauth
Mexico	President – Andrés Manuel López Obrador
Federated States of Micronesia	President – David W. Panuelo
Moldova	President – Maia Sandu	Prime Minister – Natalia Gavrilița
Monaco	Sovereign Prince – Albert II	Minister of State – Pierre Dartout
Mongolia	President – Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh	Prime Minister – Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene
Montenegro	President – Milo Đukanović	Prime Minister – Zdravko Krivokapić
Morocco	King – Mohammed VI	Head of Government – Saadeddine Othmani Head of government-designate – Aziz Akhannouch
Mozambique	President – Filipe Nyusi^[δ]	Prime Minister – Carlos Agostinho do Rosário
Myanmar	Chairman of the State Administration Council – Min Aung Hlaing
Myanmar	Acting President – Myint Swe	Prime Minister – Min Aung Hlaing
Namibia	President – Hage Geingob^[δ]	Prime Minister – Saara Kuugongelwa
Nauru	President – Lionel Aingimea
Nepal	President – Bidhya Devi Bhandari	Prime Minister – Sher Bahadur Deuba
Netherlands	King – Willem-Alexander	Prime Minister – Mark Rutte
New Zealand	Queen – Elizabeth II^[β] Governor-General – Dame Patsy Reddy^[θ] Governor-general-designate – Dame Cindy Kiro	Prime Minister – Jacinda Ardern
Nicaragua	President – Daniel Ortega
Niger	President – Mohamed Bazoum	Prime Minister – Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou
Nigeria	President – Muhammadu Buhari
North Korea	General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea – Kim Jong-un
North Korea	Supreme Leader – Kim Jong-un^[ι] Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly – Choe Ryong-hae^[κ]	Premier of the Cabinet – Kim Tok-hun
North Macedonia	President – Stevo Pendarovski	President of the Government – Zoran Zaev
Norway	King – Harald V	Prime Minister – Erna Solberg
Oman	Sultan and Prime Minister – Haitham bin Tarik
Pakistan	President – Arif Alvi	Prime Minister – Imran Khan
Palau	President – Surangel Whipps Jr.
Palestine	President – Mahmoud Abbas	Prime Minister – Mohammad Shtayyeh
Panama	President – Laurentino Cortizo
Papua New Guinea	Queen – Elizabeth II^[β] Governor-General – Sir Bob Dadae	Prime Minister – James Marape
Paraguay	President – Mario Abdo Benítez
Peru	President – Pedro Castillo^[δ]	President of the Council of Ministers – Guido Bellido
Philippines	President – Rodrigo Duterte
Poland	President – Andrzej Duda	President of the Council of Ministers – Mateusz Morawiecki
Portugal	President – Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa	Prime Minister – António Costa
Qatar	Emir – Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani	Prime Minister – Sheikh Khalid bin Khalifa bin Abdul Aziz Al Thani
Romania	President – Klaus Iohannis	Prime Minister – Florin Cîțu
Russia	President – Vladimir Putin	Prime Minister – Mikhail Mishustin
Rwanda	President – Paul Kagame^[δ]	Prime Minister – Édouard Ngirente
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Queen – Elizabeth II^[β] Governor-General – Sir Tapley Seaton	Prime Minister – Timothy Harris
Saint Lucia	Queen – Elizabeth II^[β] Governor-General – Sir Neville Senac	Prime Minister – Philip J. Pierre
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Queen – Elizabeth II^[β] Governor-General – Dame Susan Dougan	Prime Minister – Ralph Gonsalves
Samoa	O le Ao o le Malo – Afioga Tuimalealiifano Va'aletoa Sualauvi II	Prime Minister – Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa
San Marino	Captain Regent^[λ] – Gian Carlo Venturini
	Captain regent-elect – Francesco Mussoni
	Captain Regent^[λ] – Marco Nicolini
	Captain regent-elect – Giacomo Simoncini
São Tomé and Príncipe	President – Evaristo Carvalho	Prime Minister – Jorge Bom Jesus
São Tomé and Príncipe	President-elect – Carlos Vila Nova	Prime Minister – Jorge Bom Jesus
Saudi Arabia	King and Prime Minister – Salman^[δ]
Senegal	President – Macky Sall
Serbia	President – Aleksandar Vučić	Prime Minister – Ana Brnabić
Seychelles	President – Wavel Ramkalawan
Sierra Leone	President – Julius Maada Bio^[δ]	Chief Minister – Jacob Jusu Saffa
Singapore	President – Halimah Yacob	Prime Minister – Lee Hsien Loong
Slovakia	President – Zuzana Čaputová	Prime Minister – Eduard Heger
Slovenia	President – Borut Pahor	Prime Minister – Janez Janša
Solomon Islands	Queen – Elizabeth II^[β] Governor-General – Sir David Vunagi	Prime Minister – Manasseh Sogavare
Somalia	President – Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed	Prime Minister – Mohamed Hussein Roble
South Africa	President – Cyril Ramaphosa
South Korea	President – Moon Jae-in^[δ]	Prime Minister – Kim Boo-kyum
South Sudan	President – Salva Kiir Mayardit
Spain	King – Felipe VI	President of the Government – Pedro Sánchez
Sri Lanka	President – Gotabaya Rajapaksa	Prime Minister – Mahinda Rajapaksa
Sudan	Leader of the Sovereignty Council – Abdel Fattah al-Burhan	Prime Minister – Abdalla Hamdok
Suriname	President – Chan Santokhi
Sweden	King – Carl XVI Gustaf	Prime Minister – Stefan Löfven
Switzerland
	Federal Council^[μ]
	Guy Parmelin (as President)
	Ignazio Cassis (as Vice President) Ueli Maurer (as Member) Simonetta Sommaruga (as Member) Alain Berset (as Member) Karin Keller-Sutter (as Member) Viola Amherd (as Member)
Syria	President – Bashar al-Assad	Prime Minister – Hussein Arnous
Tajikistan	President – Emomali Rahmon^[δ]	Prime Minister – Kokhir Rasulzoda
Tanzania	President – Samia Suluhu Hassan^[δ]	Prime Minister – Kassim Majaliwa
Thailand	King – Maha Vajiralongkorn	Prime Minister – Prayut Chan-o-cha
Togo	President – Faure Gnassingbé^[δ]	Prime Minister – Victoire Tomegah Dogbé
Tonga	King – Tupou VI	Prime Minister – Pōhiva Tuʻiʻonetoa
Trinidad and Tobago	President – Paula-Mae Weekes	Prime Minister – Keith Rowley
Tunisia	President – Kaïs Saïed	Prime Minister – Vacant
Turkey	President – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Turkmenistan	President – Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
Tuvalu	Queen – Elizabeth II^[β] Acting Governor-General – Teniku Talesi Honolulu	Prime Minister – Kausea Natano
Uganda	President – Yoweri Museveni^[δ]	Prime Minister – Robinah Nabbanja
Ukraine	President – Volodymyr Zelensky	Prime Minister – Denys Shmyhal
United Arab Emirates	President – Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan	Prime Minister – Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
United Kingdom	Queen – Elizabeth II^[β]	Prime Minister – Boris Johnson
United States	President – Joe Biden
Uruguay	President – Luis Lacalle Pou
Uzbekistan	President – Shavkat Mirziyoyev^[δ]	Prime Minister – Abdulla Aripov
Vanuatu	President – Tallis Obed Moses	Prime Minister – Bob Loughman
Vatican City	Sovereign – Pope Francis	President of the Governorate – Cardinal Giuseppe Bertello President of the Governorate-designate – Archbishop Fernando Vérgez Alzaga
Venezuela	President – Nicolás Maduro^[ν]
Vietnam	General Secretary of the Communist Party – Nguyễn Phú Trọng
Vietnam	President – Nguyễn Xuân Phúc	Prime Minister – Phạm Minh Chính
Yemen	President – Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi	Prime Minister – Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed
Zambia	President – Hakainde Hichilema
Zimbabwe	President – Emmerson Mnangagwa

Other states

The following states control their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state.

State	Also claimed by	Head of state	Head of government
Abkhazia	Georgia	President – Aslan Bzhania	Prime Minister – Alexander Ankvab
Republic of China (Taiwan)	People's Republic of China	President – Tsai Ing-wen	President of the Executive Yuan – Su Tseng-chang
Cook Islands	New Zealand^[ξ]	Queen – Elizabeth II^[β] Queen's Representative – Tom Marsters	Prime Minister – Mark Brown
Kosovo	Serbia	President – Vjosa Osmani	Prime Minister – Albin Kurti
Niue	New Zealand^[ξ]	Queen – Elizabeth II^[β] Governor-General – Dame Patsy Reddy^[θ] Governor-general-designate – Dame Cindy Kiro	Premier – Dalton Tagelagi
Northern Cyprus	Cyprus	President – Ersin Tatar	Prime Minister – Ersan Saner
Sahrawi Republic	Morocco	General Secretary of the Polisario Front – Brahim Ghali
Sahrawi Republic	Morocco	President – Brahim Ghali	Prime Minister – Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun
South Ossetia	Georgia	President – Anatoly Bibilov	Prime Minister – Gennady Bekoyev

The following states control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states.

State	Also claimed by	Head of state	Head of government
Artsakh	Azerbaijan	President – Arayik Harutyunyan
Donetsk People's Republic	Ukraine	Head of the Republic – Denis Pushilin	Prime Minister – Alexander Ananchenko
Luhansk People's Republic	Ukraine	Head of the Republic – Leonid Pasechnik	Prime Minister – Sergey Kozlov
Somaliland	Somalia	President – Muse Bihi Abdi
Transnistria	Moldova	President – Vadim Krasnoselsky	Prime Minister – Aleksandr Martynov

Other governments

These alternative governments are recognized as legitimate by at least one UN member or are in control of their countries.

Government	State	Head of state	Head of government
Afghanistan	Afghanistan (Emirate)	President – Disputed/Amrullah Saleh^[1]^[2]^[3]
National Assembly	Venezuela	President of the National Assembly – Juan Guaidó
Supreme Political Council	Yemen	President of the Supreme Political Council – Mahdi al-Mashat	Prime Minister – Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour
Syrian Interim Government	Syria	President – Salem al-Meslet	Prime Minister – Abdurrahman Mustafa

Sui generis entities

Entity	Head of entity	Head of government
European Union	President of the European Council – Charles Michel^{[citation needed]}	President of the European Commission – Ursula von der Leyen^{[citation needed]}
Sovereign Military Order of Malta	Lieutenant (interim Grand Master) – Marco Luzzago	Grand Chancellor – Albrecht Freiherr von Boeselager

Notes

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b The President of France and the French Co-Prince of Andorra are positions held by the same person.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Constitutionally, Elizabeth II is separately and equally monarch of 16 sovereign states—alongside the United Kingdom (UK)—known collectively as the Commonwealth realms. In each of these states, with the exception of the UK (where she permanently resides), she is duly represented at the national level by a governor-general.
^ The three-member Bosnian presidency is the head of state collectively.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u In this state, the president is both head of state and head of government; the office of prime minister may exist in these states, but it does not direct executive power—nor does the Kyrgyzstani Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers, the Peruvian President of the Council of Ministers, or the Sierra Leonean Chief Minister.
^ According to articles 89 to 91 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Supreme Leader of Iran is the head of state, and the President is the head of government. However, the President is still required to gain the Supreme Leader's official approval before being sworn in before Parliament, and the Supreme Leader also has the power to dismiss the elected President at any time.
^ In actuality the constitution of Japan does not define a formal head of state. The Emperor by unwritten constitutional convention fulfills the functions and duties of the head of state.
^ As part of a cease fire agreement, the three-member Libyan presidency is the head of state collectively.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b The Governor-General of New Zealand and the Governor-General of Niue are positions held by the same person.
^
The term "Supreme Leader" is used as a description (for the sake of brevity) rather than being an official title of a single office. The three actual offices held by Kim are:
- General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea
- President of the State Affairs Commission of the DPRK—constitutionally defined as the supreme leader of North Korea
- Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the DPRK
^ The Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly accepts the credentials of foreign ambassadors and represents North Korea on all state visits—ceremonial functions usually performed by heads of state in other states. The Chairman of the Supreme People's Assembly has held these duties since 1998, when the constitution was revised.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference SM was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is collectively head of state and government. As a party to the Council, the President serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
^ The office of head of state of Venezuela has been disputed between Nicolás Maduro and the President of the National Assembly of Venezuela, Juan Guaidó, since 11 January 2019. See also the Other governments section of this list article.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b States in free association with New Zealand.

References

^ "An anti-Taliban front forming in Panjshir? Ex top spy Saleh, son of 'Lion of Panjshir' meet at citadel". The Week. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
^ "Afghan Vice President Saleh Declares Himself Caretaker President; Reaches Out To Leaders for Support". News18. 17 August 2021. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
^ "Defiant Afghanistan's former Vice-President Amrullah Saleh vows new fight with Taliban". The Hindu. Agence France Press. 17 August 2021. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.

External links

CIDOB Foundation (in Spanish)—contextualised biographies of world political leaders
EmilePhaneuf—an archived, partial list of official websites for heads of state
Portale Storia (in Italian)—a list of current rulers by country
Rulers—a list of rulers throughout time and places
United Nations—a list of heads of state, heads of government, and foreign ministers

[FR-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b The President of France and the French Co-Prince of Andorra are positions held by the same person.

[EIIR-2] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Constitutionally, Elizabeth II is separately and equally monarch of 16 sovereign states—alongside the United Kingdom (UK)—known collectively as the Commonwealth realms. In each of these states, with the exception of the UK (where she permanently resides), she is duly represented at the national level by a governor-general.

[BA-3] The three-member Bosnian presidency is the head of state collectively.

[WeakPM-4] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u In this state, the president is both head of state and head of government; the office of prime minister may exist in these states, but it does not direct executive power—nor does the Kyrgyzstani Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers, the Peruvian President of the Council of Ministers, or the Sierra Leonean Chief Minister.

[IR-5] According to articles 89 to 91 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Supreme Leader of Iran is the head of state, and the President is the head of government. However, the President is still required to gain the Supreme Leader's official approval before being sworn in before Parliament, and the Supreme Leader also has the power to dismiss the elected President at any time.

[JP-6] In actuality the constitution of Japan does not define a formal head of state. The Emperor by unwritten constitutional convention fulfills the functions and duties of the head of state.

[LY-7] As part of a cease fire agreement, the three-member Libyan presidency is the head of state collectively.

[NZ-8] Jump up to: ^a ^b The Governor-General of New Zealand and the Governor-General of Niue are positions held by the same person.

[KP1-9] The term "Supreme Leader" is used as a description (for the sake of brevity) rather than being an official title of a single office. The three actual offices held by Kim are:
General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea

President of the State Affairs Commission of the DPRK—constitutionally defined as the supreme leader of North Korea

Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the DPRK

[10] General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea

[11] President of the State Affairs Commission of the DPRK—constitutionally defined as the supreme leader of North Korea

[12] Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the DPRK

[KP2-10] The Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly accepts the credentials of foreign ambassadors and represents North Korea on all state visits—ceremonial functions usually performed by heads of state in other states. The Chairman of the Supreme People's Assembly has held these duties since 1998, when the constitution was revised.

[SM-11] Jump up to: ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference SM was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[CH-12] The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is collectively head of state and government. As a party to the Council, the President serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.

[VE-13] The office of head of state of Venezuela has been disputed between Nicolás Maduro and the President of the National Assembly of Venezuela, Juan Guaidó, since 11 January 2019. See also the Other governments section of this list article.

[FAS-14] Jump up to: ^a ^b States in free association with New Zealand.

[15] "An anti-Taliban front forming in Panjshir? Ex top spy Saleh, son of 'Lion of Panjshir' meet at citadel". The Week. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.

[16] "Afghan Vice President Saleh Declares Himself Caretaker President; Reaches Out To Leaders for Support". News18. 17 August 2021. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.

[17] "Defiant Afghanistan's former Vice-President Amrullah Saleh vows new fight with Taliban". The Hindu. Agence France Press. 17 August 2021. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.

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