List of tallest structures in Thailand

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Skyscrapers around Witthayu Road in Bangkok

This list of tallest structures in Thailand ranks skyscrapers in Thailand by height.

Environmental impact[]

The ground under Bangkok is sinking around three centimetres per year. Built on an alluvial plain of soft clay, the subsidence is exacerbated by excessive pumping of groundwater by industry and by the sheer weight of the massive buildings. According to Thailand's National Reform Council (NRC), without urgent action Bangkok could be underwater by 2030 due to the combination of groundwater extraction, the weight of city buildings, and rising sea levels.[1][2]

Tallest completed buildings[]

This list ranks completed and topped out buildings in Thailand that stand at least 151 m (495 ft) tall, based on standard height measurement which includes spires and architectural details, but excludes antenna masts.

Rank Building Location Province Height Floors Complete
1 Magnolias Waterfront Residences Iconsiam Khlong San Bangkok 318 m 1,043 ft 70 2018
2 King Power MahaNakhon Bang Rak Bangkok 314 m 1,031 ft 78 2016
3 Sathon Bangkok 309 m 1012 ft 73 2019
4 Baiyoke Tower II Ratchathewi Bangkok 304 m 997 ft 85 1997
5 The Residences at Mandarin Oriental Bangkok Khlong San Bangkok 272 m 893 ft 52 2018
6 The River South Tower Khlong San Bangkok 266 m 871 ft 71 2012
7 Bang Kho Laem Bangkok 253 m 830 ft 57 2019
8 State Tower Bang Rak Bangkok 247 m 811 ft 67 2001
9 China Resources Tower Pathum Wan Bangkok 245 m 804 ft 53 2002
10 Pathum Wan Bangkok 242 m 794 ft 60 2016
11 Bang Kho Laem Bangkok 239 m 785 ft 54 2016
12 The ESSE Asoke Watthana Bangkok 237 m 777 ft 55 2019
13 Centara Grand & Bangkok Convention Centre at CentralWorld Pathum Wan Bangkok 235 m 771 ft 59 2008
14 Sattahip Chonburi 234 m 768 ft 55 2013
15 The Met Sathon Bangkok 231 m 757 ft 66 2009
16 Empire Tower Sathon Bangkok 227 m 744 ft 58 1999
17 Watthana Bangkok 222 m 730 ft 50 2017
18 Jewelry Trade Center Bang Rak Bangkok 221 m 724 ft 56 1996
19 The Pano Yan Nawa Bangkok 220 m 722 ft 55 2010
20 Mueang Nonthaburi Nonthaburi 214 m 703 ft 61 2020[UC]
21 Pathum Wan Bangkok 209 m 686 ft 53 2020[UC]
22 Kasikorn Bank Head Office Rat Burana Bangkok 208 m 681 ft 42 1995
23 Bang Rak Bangkok 206 m 676 ft 48 2018
24 Northpoint South Tower Pattaya Chonburi 205 m 673 ft 54 2010
25 The Offices at CentralWorld Pathum Wan Bangkok 204 m 669 ft 45 2004
26 Bang Rak Bangkok 204 m 669 ft 56 2018
27 Huai Khwang Bangkok 203 m 666 ft 42 2018
28 Khlong Toei Bangkok 199 m 654 ft 53 2009
29 Khlong Toei Bangkok 199 m 654 ft 53 2009
30 Sathon Bangkok 198 m 650 ft 53 2015
31 Sathon Bangkok 197 m 646 ft 60 1996
32 Pathum Wan Bangkok 197 m 646 ft 50 2007
33 Khlong Toei Bangkok 196 m 643 ft 39 2020[UC]
34 Sinn Sathorn Tower Khlong San Bangkok 195 m 640 ft 43 1993
35 Watthana Bangkok 193 m 633 ft 50 2017
36 Ratchathewi Bangkok 193 m 632 ft 53 2015
37 Khlong Toei Bangkok 192 m 631 ft 51 2009
38 Khlong Toei Bangkok 192 m 631 ft 51 2009
39 Pathum Wan Bangkok 192 m 630 ft 37 2018
40 Bang Rak Bangkok 191 m 627 ft 40 2011
41 Pattaya Chonburi 190 m 623 ft 54 2014
42 Huai Khwang Bangkok 190 m 623 ft 51 2009
43 Watthana Bangkok 190 m 623 ft 48 2020[UC]
44 Pathum Wan Bangkok 189 m 620 ft 47 2019
45 Khlong San Bangkok 189 m 619 ft 52 2008
46 Sathon Bangkok 189 m 619 ft 50 2016
47 Sathon Bangkok 188 m 617 ft 45 2008
48 Khlong Toei Bangkok 187 m 615 ft 46 2016
50 Abdulrahim Place Bang Rak Bangkok 187 m 614 ft 34 1996
51 Bang Rak Bangkok 187 m 614 ft 50 1995
52 Mueang Nonthaburi Nonthaburi 187 m 612 ft 57 2018
53 Khlong Toei Bangkok 186 m 611 ft 50 2017
54 Pathum Wan Bangkok 186 m 610 ft 51 2016
55 Khlong Toei Bangkok 184 m 603 ft 48 2018
56 Sattahip Chonburi 183 m 600 ft 37 2015
57 Sattahip Chonburi 183 m 600 ft 42 2013
58 Bang Kho Laem Bangkok 181 m 592 ft 54 2015
59 Pattaya Chonburi 180 m 591 ft 55 1995
60 Phra Khanong Bangkok 180 m 591 ft 50 2018
61 Bhiraj Tower at EmQuartier Watthana Bangkok 180 m 591 ft 45 2015
62 Huai Khwang Bangkok 180 m 591 ft 39 2019
63 Phaya Thai Bangkok 178 m 584 ft 53 2013
64 Khlong San Bangkok 178 m 583 ft 45 2019
65 Northpoint North Tower Pattaya Chonburi 177 m 581 ft 46 2010
66 Khlong Toei Bangkok 176 m 579 ft 43 2020[UC]
67 Pathum Wan Bangkok 176 m 577 ft 47 2011
68 Khlong Toei Bangkok 175 m 574 ft 45 2004
69 Bang Rak Bangkok 174 m 572 ft 50 1999
70 Khlong Toei Bangkok 174 m 571 ft 40 2018
71 Khlong Toei Bangkok 173 m 568 ft 47 2020[UC]
72 Watthana Bangkok 173 m 568 ft 45 2019
73 Pathum Wan Bangkok 173 m 567 ft 43 2010
74 Phra Khanong Bangkok 172 m 563 ft 37 2019
75 Khlong Toei Bangkok 170 m 558 ft 42 2007
76 Park Hyatt Bangkok at Central Embassy Pathum Wan Bangkok 170 m 558 ft 37 2016
77 Sathon Bangkok 170 m 558 ft 38 2006
78 Huai Khwang Bangkok 170 m 557 ft 28 2020[UC]
79 Pathum Wan Bangkok 169 m 554 ft 46 2016
80 Ratchathewi Bangkok 169 m 553 ft 41 2015
81 Din Daeng Bangkok 168 m 552 ft 49 2020[UC]
82 Sathon Bangkok 168 m 552 ft 43 2019
83 Watthana Bangkok 168 m 550 ft 40 2014
84 Sathon Bangkok 167 m 549 ft 28 2019
85 Si Racha Chonburi 167 m 548 ft 48 2017
86 Khlong Toei Bangkok 167 m 548 ft 46 1998
87 Watthana Bangkok 167 m 548 ft 39 2018
88 Pathum Wan Bangkok 167 m 548 ft 35 2007
89 Pattaya Chonburi 167 m 546 ft 41 1992
90 Chatuchak Bangkok 166 m 546 ft 47 2011
91 Yan Nawa Bangkok 166 m 544 ft 47 2015
92 Sathon Bangkok 165 m 542 ft 41 2012
93 Huai Khwang Bangkok 165 m 541 ft 46 2009
94 Khlong Toei Bangkok 165 m 541 ft 46 1999
95 Huai Khwang Bangkok 165 m 541 ft 44 1996
96 Sahon Bangkok 165 m 541 ft 44 2009
97 Watthana Bangkok 165 m 541 ft 36 2008
98 Khlong Toei Bangkok 165 m 541 ft 35 2010
99 Grande Centre Point Terminal 21 Watthana Bangkok 165 m 541 ft 32 2011
100 Thon Buri Bangkok 165 m 541 ft 46 2017
101 Din Daeng Bangkok 165 m 541 ft 41 1996
102 Bang Rak Bangkok 164 m 537 ft 37 2020
103 Pathum Wan Bangkok 163 m 536 ft 39 2019
104 Watthana Bangkok 163 m 533 ft 37 2006
105 Ratchathewi Bangkok 162 m 532 ft 42 2018
106 Pathum Wan Bangkok 162 m 530 ft 31 2019
107 Watthana Bangkok 161 m 528 ft 50 2012
108 Ratchathewi Bangkok 161 m 528 ft 42 2013
109 Pattaya Chonburi 161 m 527 ft 49 2015
110 Ratchathewi Bangkok 160 m 525 ft 42 1994
111 Bang Na Bangkok 160 m 525 ft 40 1995
112 Yan Nawa Bangkok 160 m 525 ft 39 1996
113 Bang Rak Bangkok 160 m 525 ft 38 1998
114 Din Daeng Bangkok 160 m 525 ft 37 2017
115 Phra Khanong Bangkok 160 m 524 ft 46 2020
116 Huai Khwang Bangkok 159 m 522 ft 39 2017
117 Sathon Bangkok 159 m 522 ft 40 2017
118 The Cathedral of Learning Bang Sao Thong Samut Prakan 159 m 522 ft 38 2000
119 Khlong Toei Bangkok 158 m 518 ft 42 2009
120 Pathum Wan Bangkok 158 m 518 ft 37 2010
121 Pathum Wan Bangkok 158 m 518 ft 36 1998
122 Khlong Toei Bangkok 158 m 518 ft 28 2019
123 Watthana Bangkok 158 m 517 ft 47 2020[UC]
124 Watthana Bangkok 157 m 516 ft 39 2012
125 Chamchuri Square Pathum Wan Bangkok 157 m 515 ft 40 2008
126 Watthana Bangkok 157 m 514 ft 37 2018
127 Watthana Bangkok 155 m 510 ft 33 2019
128 Ratchathewi Bangkok 155 m 509 ft 45 2018
129 Pattaya Chonburi 155 m 509 ft 44 2015
130 Ratchathewi Bangkok 155 m 509 ft 43 2011
131 Phaya Thai Bangkok 155 m 509 ft 42 1993
132 Bang Sue Bangkok 155 m 509 ft 42 2016
133 Mueang Nonthaburi Nonthaburi 155 m 509 ft 41 2014
134 Pathum Wan Bangkok 155 m 509 ft 39 1997
135 Si Racha Chonburi 155 m 509 ft 39 2017
136 Din Daeng Bangkok 155 m 508 ft 34 2014
137 Rosewood Bangkok Pathum Wan Bangkok 155 m 508 ft 33 2018
138 Din Daeng Bangkok 155 m 507 ft 45 2020[UC]
139 Watthana Bangkok 154 m 506 ft 44 2018
140 Ratchathewi Bangkok 154 m 504 ft 46 2020[UC]
141 Sathon Bangkok 154 m 504 ft 41 2015
142 Khlong Toei Bangkok 153 m 502 ft 41 2008
143 Watthana Bangkok 153 m 501 ft 35 2016
144 Ratchathewi Bangkok 152 m 499 ft 44 2010
145 Chatuchak Bangkok 152 m 499 ft 36 2009
146 The River North Tower Khlong San Bangkok 152 m 498 ft 42 2012
147 Khlong Toei Bangkok 152 m 497 ft 42 2018
148 Baiyoke Tower I Ratchathewi Bangkok 151 m 495 ft 43 1987
149 Chatuchak Bangkok 151 m 495 ft 41 2018
150 Chatuchak Bangkok 151 m 495 ft 41 2018
151 Chatuchak Bangkok 151 m 495 ft 41 2018
152 The Peninsula Bangkok Hotel Khlong San Bangkok 151 m 495 ft 37 1998

UC ^ Under construction, expected completion in 2020.

Under Construction[]

These are buildings that are under construction in Thailand. In Bangkok alone, there are roughly 80 high rise buildings (more than 30 floors) that are actively under construction. There are a total of around 500 completely built and operational high rise buildings in Bangkok making it a top 10 world city with the largest number of skyscrapers.[3][4][5]

Rank Building Location Province Height Floors Will
Finish
1 Signature Tower Pathum Wan Bangkok 437 m 1435 ft 92 2026
2 Bangkok 395.75m 1298 ft 68 2024
3 Bangkok 305m 1000 ft 55 2023
4 Bangkok 299m 980 ft 78 2024
5 Pathum Wan Bangkok 285 m 934 ft 60 2025
6 Pathum Wan Bangkok 278 m 912 ft 61 2024
7 Pathum Wan Bangkok 275 m 902 ft 61 2023
8 Pathum Wan Bangkok 274 m 900 ft 58 2023
9 Pathum Wan Bangkok 264 m 866 ft 2025
10 Pathum Wan Bangkok 251 m 824 ft 65 2025
11 Huai Khwang Bangkok 248 m 813 ft 61 2021
12 Huai Khwang Bangkok 248 m 813 ft 61 2021
13 Ratchathewi Bangkok 240 m 786 ft 55 2022
14 Pattaya Chonburi 234 m 869 ft 66 2024
15 Watthana Bangkok 230 m 754 ft 59 2022
16 Pathum Wan Bangkok 216 m 710 ft 50 2024
17 Ratchathewi Bangkok 209 m 685 ft 50 2023
18 Pathum Wan Bangkok 205 m 672 ft 46 2022
19 Bang Rak Bangkok 204 m 668 ft 38 2024
20 Bangkok 199m 652 ft 46 2023
21 Bangkok 199m 652 ft 40 2023
22 Huai Khwang Bangkok 202 m 663 ft 56 2023
23 Watthana Bangkok 188 m 616 ft 53 2022
24 Pattaya Chonburi 188 m 615 ft 59 2022
25 Pathum Wan Bangkok 183 m 600 ft 40 2023
26 Mueang Nonthaburi Nonthaburi 176 m 578 ft 45 2022
27 Watthana Bangkok 172 m 564 ft 45 2022
28 Mueang Nonthaburi Nonthaburi 171 m 562 ft 45 2021
29 Khlong Toei Bangkok 171 m 561 ft 31 2022
30 Bang Rak Bangkok 170 m 558 ft 46 2021
31 Bang Na Bangkok 169 m 553 ft 28 2021
32 Bang Rak Bangkok 162 m 532 ft 28 2023
33 Khlong Toei Bangkok 162 m 530 ft 47 2021
34 Ratchathewi Bangkok 160 m 406 ft 41 2023
35 Khlong San Bangkok 155 m 509 ft 29 2021
36 Pathum Wan Bangkok 153 m 503 ft 22 2022

List of tallest structures[]

Rank Name Location Province Height Structure type Built
1 Pattaya Chonburi 240 m (790 ft) Observation Tower
2 Kanchanaphisek Bridge Phra Pradaeng Samut Prakan 187 m (614 ft) Bridge 2007
3 Samut Prakan Samut Prakan 179 m (587 ft) Observation Tower 2017
4 Rama VIII Bridge Bang Phlat/Phra Nakhon Bangkok 160 m (520 ft) Bridge 2002
5 Suvarnabhumi Airport Air Traffic Control Tower Bang Phli Samut Prakan 132 m (433 ft) Air Traffic Control Tower 2006
6 Wongamat Tower Pattaya Chonburi 125 m (410 ft) Wongamat Tower 2015
7 Banharn-Jamsai Tower Suphan Buri Suphan Buri 123 m (404 ft) Observation Tower
8 Phra Pathommachedi Nakhon Pathom Nakhon Pathom 120 m (390 ft) Stupa 1870
9 Terminal 21 Korat Tower Nakhon Ratchasima Nakhon Ratchasima 110 m (360 ft) Observation Tower 2016
10 Roi Et Roi Et 101 m (331 ft) Observation Tower 2020
11 Rama IX Bridge Yan Nawa/Rat Burana Bangkok 87 m (285 ft) Bridge 1987
12 Sisaket Sisaket 84 m (276 ft) Observation Tower 2016
13 Nakhon Ratchasima Nakhon Ratchasima 82 m (269 ft) Observation Tower 1993
14 Test Tower Chonburi Chonburi 68 m (223 ft) Elevator Testing Tower 2017
15 Ho Kaeo Mukdahan Mukdahan Mukdahan 65 m (213 ft) Observation Tower 1996
16 Asiatique Wheel Bang Kho Laem Bangkok 60 m (200 ft) Ferris wheel 2012
17 Bhumibol 1 Bridge Yan Nawa Bangkok 50 m (160 ft) Bridge 2006
18 Bhumibol 2 Bridge Phra Pradaeng Samut Prakan 50 m (160 ft) Bridge 2006
19 Wheel Cha-am Phetchaburi 40 m (130 ft) Ferris wheel 2012

Proposed[]

Rank Name Location Province Height Structure type Will Finish
1 Huai Khwang Bangkok 615 m (2,018 ft) Mix-use & Observation Deck On-Hold
2 Khlong San Bangkok 459 m (1,506 ft) Observation Tower On-Hold
3 Huaykwang District Bangkok 369 m (1,211 ft) Broadcasting Tower TBA
4 Phuket Phuket 168 m (551 ft) Ferris wheel TBA

List of tallest statues[]

This list consists of 20 tallest statues in Thailand.

Rank Name Location Province Height Depiction Image
- Phra Buddha Butsaya Kheeree Sri Suvarnabhumi (พระพุทธบุษยคีรีศรีสุวรรณภูมิ)
Great Buddha of Suphan Buri (Under construction) 		Wat Khao Tham Theam Suphan Buri 108 m (354 ft)[6] Gautama Aa nao.png
1 Great Buddha of Thailand Wat Muang Temple Ang Thong 92 m (302 ft) Gautama
2 Great Guan Yin of Chiang Rai Wat Huay Phla Kang Chiang Rai 69 m (226 ft)[7] Guanyin Aa nao.png
- Phra Buddha Dhammakaya Dhepmongkol (Under construction) Wat Paknam Bhasicharoen Bangkok 69 m (226 ft)[8] Gautama Wat Pak Nam Phasi Charoen (I).jpg
3 Phra Buddha Maha Mongkhol (Great Buddha of Roi Et) Wat Bhurapha Phiram Temple Roi Et 59.4 m (195 ft) Gautama Big Buddha Statue 'Luang Phaw Dto' - panoramio.jpg
4 Phra Buddha Ming Mongkhol (Phuket Big Buddha) Wat Khitthi Sanga Ram Temple Phuket 45 m (148 ft) Gautama Phuket Thailand Big-Buddha-of-Phuket-05.jpg
5 Three-Head Erawan Elephant Erawan Museum Samut Prakan 43.6 m (143 ft) Erawan Erawan Museum.jpg
6 Great Bronze Ganesha of Chachoengsao Ganesha International Park Chachoengsao 39 m (128 ft) Ganesha Bronze Ganesh, the largest in the world. - panoramio.jpg
7 Phra Buddha Sri Arija Metrai (Great Buddha of Bangkok) Wat Intharawihan Bangkok 32 m (105 ft) Maitreya หลวงพ่อโต วัดอินทรวิหาร กรุงเทพฯ (Great Buddha of Wat Indhrawiharn) Bangkok.jpg
8 Phra Buddha Maha Mhetta (Great Kantarath Buddha of Kanchanaburi) Wat Thip Sukala Tharam Temple Kanchanaburi ~ 32 m (105 ft) Gautama พระพุทธมหาเมตตาประชาไทยไตรโลกนาถคันธารราฐอนุสรณ์.png
9 Phra Maha Buddha Pim (Wat Chaiyo Big Buddha) Wat Chaiyo Worawihara Temple Ang Thong 22.67 m (74.4 ft)[9] Gautama Watchaiyo 05.jpg
10 Phra Buddha Mongkhol Maharat (Great Buddha of Hat Yai) Khao Kho-Haan hill, Hat Yai Songkhla 19.90 m (65.3 ft) Gautama Hatyai-Hill-Kuan-Yin-Temple-Gigantic-Golden-Budda-440x1023.jpg
11 Phra Buddha Trai Ratana Nayok Wat Phanan Choeng Ayutthaya 19 m (62 ft) Gautama วัดพนัญเชิงวรวิหาร 7.JPG
12 Phra Sappha Phanya (Great Buddha of Loei) Wat Pa Huay Lat Monastery Loei ~ 19 m (62 ft)[10] Gautama Wat Pa Huay Lad 2.JPG
13 Luangpho Chin Prathan Phorn (Wat Tham Suea) Wat Tham Seau Kanchanaburi 18.22 m (59.8 ft) Gautama วัดถ้ำเสือ - panoramio (11).jpg
14 Phra Buddha Sukkhotai Walai Chalatharn (Pattaya Big Buddha) Khao Phra Tamnak hill, Pattaya Chonburi 18 m (59 ft)[11] Gautama Wat Khao Phra Yai (Pattaya) 02.JPG
15 Luangpho Tun Jai at Doi Kham Wat Phra Thart Doi Kham Chiang Mail ~ 17 m (56 ft) Gautama
16 Phra Buddha Maha Dharma Racha Chalerm Phra Kiarti (Great Buddha of Phetchabun) Phetcha Pura Buddha park Phetchabun 16.59 m (54.4 ft)[12] Gautama Aa nao.png
17 Phra Sri Sakaya Thosabhon Yarna Phutthamonthon Nakhon Pathom 15.875 m (52.08 ft) Gautama Phutthamonthon03.jpg
18 Phra Buddha Aja-na Wat Si Chum Sukkhotai 15 m (49 ft) Gautama Wat srichum 03.jpg
19 The Raja Bhakdi Great Kings Monuments Rajabhakti Park Prajuap Kirikhan ~ 13.9 m (46 ft)
  • Ramkhamhaeng
  • Naresuan
  • Narai
  • King Taksin the great
  • Rama I
  • Rama IV
  • King Chulalongkorn the great
 Rajabhakti Park Hua Hin - panoramio.jpg
20 Luangpho Yai Koh Faan (Samui Big Buddha) Wat Phra Yai Koh Faan Temple, Koh Samui Surat Thani 12 m (39 ft) Gautama Koh Samui, Big Buddha 01.jpg

Timeline of tallest buildings[]

This lists buildings that once held the title of tallest building in Thailand.

Years as
tallest		 Building Location Province Height Floors
2018–present Magnolias Waterfront Residences at Iconsiam Khlong San Bangkok 318 m 1,043  ft 70
2016–2018 King Power MahaNakhon Bang Rak Bangkok 314 m 1,030  ft 77
1997–2016 Baiyoke Tower II Ratchathewi Bangkok 304 m 997  ft 85
1996–1997 Jewelry Trade Center Bang Rak Bangkok 221 m 725  ft 59
1993–1996 Sinn Sathorn Tower Khlong San Bangkok 195 m 640  ft 43
1987–1993 Baiyoke Tower I Ratchathewi Bangkok 150 m 490  ft 42
1981–1987 Bang Rak Bangkok 33
1978–1981 Watthana Bangkok 26
1968–1978 Dusit Thani Hotel Bang Rak Bangkok 23
1964–1968 Bang Rak Bangkok 11

See also[]

  • List of tallest buildings in the world
  • List of tallest buildings in Asia

References[]

  1. ^ Sattaburuth, Aekarach (2015-07-23). "Bangkok 'could be submerged in 15 years'". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  2. ^ Martin, Nik (2013-05-02). "Thailand needs to act as Bangkok sinks faster". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  3. ^ "Skyscrapercenter Thailand". Archived from the original on 2014-08-06.
  4. ^ "Bangkok - SkyscraperPage.com". skyscraperpage.com.
  5. ^ "Pattaya - SkyscraperPage.com". skyscraperpage.com.
  6. ^ สุพรรณ, หนุ่ม. "หลวงพ่ออู่ทอง - พระพุทธปุษยคีรีศรีสุวรรณภูมิ". เรารักสุพรรณ.
  7. ^ "Unseen Tour Thailand". m.facebook.com.
  8. ^ "สร้างพุทธรูปทองแดงปางสมาธิสูงที่สุดในโลกถวายร.9 -ร.10". dailynews. March 4, 2017.
  9. ^ "วัดไชโยวรวิหารหรือวัดเกษไชโย อำเภอไชโย จ.อ่างทอง - kanokpron ao". sites.google.com.
  10. ^ "พระสัพพัญญูรู้แจ้ง สามแดนโลกธาตุ". October 13, 2013.
  11. ^ "วัดพระใหญ่ และ วิหารสามเซียน". September 9, 2015.
  12. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-12-16. Retrieved 2018-12-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

External links[]

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