List of tallest freestanding steel structures
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This is a list of tallest freestanding steel structures in the world past and present. To be a freestanding steel structure it must not be supported by guy wires, the list therefore does not include guyed masts and the main vertical and lateral structural elements and floor systems in the case of buildings, are constructed from steel. This type of construction is a rarity today as most tall buildings are built with a composite structure featuring a reinforced concrete core.
Oil platforms built using rigid steel jackets, such as the Bullwinkle (oil platform), are included and ranked as the local medium(water) does not provide any horizontal support. In fact they are over engineered specifically to resist water forces them rather than modulate them as compliant towers are designed to do.[citation needed]
Demolished structures and structures under construction are also included but not ranked.
Steel Structures (above 275 m / 900 ft in height)[]
indicates a structures no longer standing.
indicates a structure built in water.
- For all structures the pinnacle height is given meaning it includes both spires and antennas as long as they are built of steel.
Rank | Name | Pinnacle height (metres / feet) | Year | Type | Main use | Country | City | Remarks | Coordinates | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Tokyo Skytree | 634 | 2,080 | 2012 | Lattice tower | Observation, FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Tokyo | Tallest structure in Japan. Tallest tower in the world. Inclusion on the list is somewhat arguable as it is not entirely a steel structure. While the external steel lattice does provide most of the structural support, the tower does also has a concrete core. | 35°42′36.5″N 139°48′39″E / 35.710139°N 139.81083°E |
2 | Bullwinkle Platform | 529 | 1,736 | 1989 | Rigid Steel Jacket (truss tower) | Oil Rig | ![]() |
Gulf of Mexico | When built the Bullwinkle platform was the second tallest freestanding structure in the world after the CN Tower. | |
3 | Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower) | 527.0 | 1,729 | 1974 | Skyscraper | Office, observation, FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Chicago | Tallest building in the world 1974–1998 (by structural height). | 41°52′44.1″N 87°38′10.2″W / 41.878917°N 87.636167°W |
World Trade Center (1973–2001) | 526.7[1] | 1,728 | 1973 | Skyscraper | Office, observation, FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
New York City | Destroyed on 11 September 2001. Tallest freestanding structure that no longer exists. Tallest building in the world 1972–1974. | 40°42′42″N 74°00′45″W / 40.71167°N 74.01250°W | |
4 | Pompano Platform | 477 | 1,565 | 1994 | Rigid Steel Jacket (truss tower) | Oil Rig | ![]() |
Gulf of Mexico | ||
5 | John Hancock Center | 457.2 | 1,500 | 1969 | Skyscraper | Office, residential, FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Chicago | World's tallest mixed-use building 1969–2008. | 41°53′55.68″N 87°37′22.8″W / 41.8988000°N 87.623000°W |
6 | Empire State Building | 449 | 1,474 | 1931 | Skyscraper | Office, observation, UHF/VHF-transmission | ![]() |
New York City | Tallest freestanding structure 1931–1967. Tallest skyscraper 1931–1973. First Skyscraper with 100+ stories. |
40°44′54.0″N 73°59′09″W / 40.748333°N 73.98583°W |
7 | [2] | 366 | 1,200 | 1992 | Rigid Steel Jacket (truss tower) | Oil Rig | ![]() |
California | Height is only to water level, total height between 1,400 to 1,500 ft, built in South Korea | |
8 | One Vanderbilt | 427 | 1,401 | 2020 | Skyscraper | Office, observation | ![]() |
New York City | 40°45′11″N 73°58′43″W / 40.7530°N 73.9785°W | |
JPMorgan Chase World Headquarters | 423 | 1,388 | u/c | Skyscraper | Office, observation | ![]() |
New York City | |||
Two World Trade Center (1973–2001) | 415.3 | 1,362 | 1973 | Skyscraper | Office, observation | ![]() |
New York City | Destroyed on 11 September 2001. | 40°42′42″N 74°00′45″W / 40.71167°N 74.01250°W | |
9 | [4] | 400 | 1,312 | 2016 | Rigid Steel Jacket (truss tower) | Oil Rig | ![]() |
Gulf of Mexico | ||
10 | [2] | 344 | 1,130 | 1999 | Rigid Steel Jacket (truss tower) | Oil Rig | ![]() |
Gulf of Mexico | Height is only to water level, total height between 1,300 to 1,400 ft | |
11 | [2] | 326 | 1,070 | 1992 | Rigid Steel Jacket (truss tower) | Oil Rig | ![]() |
California | Height is only to water level, total height between 1,300 to 1,400 ft, built in South Korea | |
12 | 30 Hudson Yards | 395 | 1,296 | 2019 | Skyscraper | Office, observation, retail | ![]() |
New York City | Has the highest outdoor observation deck in the Western Hemisphere. | 40°45′17″N 74°00′14″W / 40.754661°N 74.003783°W |
13 | Zhongyuan Tower | 388 | 1,273 | 2010 | Steel tower | Observation, FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Zhengzhou | 34°43′29″N 113°43′22″E / 34.72472°N 113.72278°E | |
14 | [6] | 385.5 | 1,265 | 1977 | Rigid Steel Jacket (truss tower) | Oil Rig | ![]() |
Gulf of Mexico | ||
15 | Kyiv TV Tower | 385 | 1,263 | 1973 | Lattice tower | FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Kyiv | 50°28′16″N 30°27′12″E / 50.47111°N 30.45333°E | |
16 tie | Jintang and Cezi islands Overhead Powerline Tie, East Tower[7] | 380 | 1,247 | 2019 | Lattice Tower | Electricity pylon | ![]() |
Jintang Island | Tallest pylons in the world | |
16 tie | Jintang and Cezi islands Overhead Powerline Tie, West tower | 380 | 1,247 | 2019 | Lattice Tower | Electricity pylon | ![]() |
Jintang Island | Tallest pylons in the world | |
18 | Tuntex Sky Tower | 378 | 1,240 | 1997 | Skyscraper | Hotel, office, observation, FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Kaohsiung | 22°36′42″N 120°18′0″E / 22.61167°N 120.30000°E | |
19 | Tashkent Tower | 374.9 | 1,230 | 1984 | Steel tower | Observation, FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Tashkent | 41°20′44.05″N 69°17′4.57″E / 41.3455694°N 69.2846028°E | |
20 | Almaty Tower | 371.5 | 1,219 | 1983 | Steel tower | Observation, FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Almaty | Tallest free-standing tubular steel structure. | 43°13′44″N 76°58′34″E / 43.22889°N 76.97611°E |
21 tie | Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie North Tower | 370 | 1,214 | 2010 | Lattice tower | Electricity pylon | ![]() |
Zhoushan Island | Second tallest set of electricity pylons in the world | 29°56′2.78″N 122°2′10.12″E / 29.9341056°N 122.0361444°E |
21 tie | Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie South Tower | 370 | 1,214 | 2010 | Lattice tower | Electricity pylon | ![]() |
Zhoushan Island | Second tallest set of electricity pylons in the world | 29°54′41.39″N 122°1′26.38″E / 29.9114972°N 122.0239944°E |
23 | Riga Radio and TV Tower | 368.5 | 1,209 | 1987 | Steel tower | Observation, FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Riga | Tallest structure in the European Union. | 56°55′26″N 24°08′14″E / 56.92389°N 24.13722°E |
24 | [2] | 314 | 1,030 | 1991 | Rigid Steel Jacket (truss tower) | Oil Rig | ![]() |
Gulf of Mexico | Height is only to water level, total height between 1,200 to 1,300 ft | |
25 | Aon Center | 362.5 | 1,189 | 1973 | Skyscraper | Office | ![]() |
Chicago | 41°53′07″N 87°37′17″W / 41.88528°N 87.62139°W | |
26 | First Canadian Place | 355 | 1,165 | 1975 | Skyscraper | Office, FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Toronto | Tallest skyscraper in Canada | 43°38′55″N 79°22′54″W / 43.64861°N 79.38167°W |
27 | [8] | 354.5 | 1,163 | 1976 | Rigid Steel Jacket (truss tower) | Oil Rig | ![]() |
Gulf of Mexico | ||
28 tie | Yangtze River Crossing North Tower | 347 | 1,138 | 2003 | Lattice tower | Electricity pylon | ![]() |
Jiangyin | 31°58′17″N 120°3′12″E / 31.97139°N 120.05333°E | |
28 tie | Yangtze River Crossing South Tower | 347 | 1,138 | 2003 | Lattice tower | Electricity pylon | ![]() |
Jiangyin | 31°57′4″N 120°2′53″E / 31.95111°N 120.04806°E | |
30 | The Center | 346 | 1,135 | 1998 | Skyscraper | Office | ![]() |
Hong Kong | 22°17′05″N 114°09′16″E / 22.28472°N 114.15444°E | |
31 | 4 Times Square | 340.7 | 1,118 | 2000 | Skyscraper | Office | ![]() |
New York City | 40°45′21″N 73°59′09″W / 40.75583°N 73.98583°W | |
32 | Dragon Tower | 336 | 1,102 | 2000 | Lattice tower | Observation, FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Harbin | 45°44′45.55″N 126°40′28″E / 45.7459861°N 126.67444°E | |
33 | Tokyo Tower | 332.6 | 1,091 | 1958 | Lattice tower | Observation, FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Tokyo | Second tallest structure in Japan | 35°39′31″N 139°44′44″E / 35.65861°N 139.74556°E |
34 | Minsheng Bank Building | 331 | 1,087 | 2007 | Skyscraper | Office | ![]() |
Wuhan | 30°35′49″N 114°16′05″E / 30.597°N 114.268°E | |
35 | WITI TV Tower | 329.4 | 1,081 | 1962 | Lattice tower | FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Shorewood (Milwaukee), Wisconsin | 43°05′26″N 87°53′50″W / 43.09056°N 87.89722°W | |
36 tie | [9] | 327 | 1,073 | 1981 | Rigid Steel Jacket (truss tower) | Oil Rig | ![]() |
Gulf of Mexico | ||
36 tie | [9] | 327 | 1,073 | 1981 | Rigid Steel Jacket (truss tower) | Oil Rig | ![]() |
Gulf of Mexico | ||
38 tie | St. Petersburg TV Tower | 326 | 1,070 | 1962 | Lattice tower | Observation, FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
St. Petersburg | 59°58′36″N 30°19′15″E / 59.97667°N 30.32083°E | |
38 tie | Linyi Radio and TV Tower[10] | 326 | 1,070 | 2010 | Steel tower | Observation, FM/TV-broadcasting, Amusement ride | ![]() |
Linyi | 35°4′52″N 118°21′44″E / 35.08111°N 118.36222°E | |
40 | Eiffel Tower | 324 | 1,063 | 1889 | Lattice tower | Observation, FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Paris | Tallest structure in the world from 1889 to 1930; first structure to exceed 300 metres in height | 48°51′29.6″N 2°17′40.2″E / 48.858222°N 2.294500°E |
41 | WHDH-TV Tower | 323.8 | 1,062 | 1960 | Lattice tower | TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Newton, Massachusetts | 42°18′41″N 71°12′58″W / 42.31139°N 71.21611°W | |
42 | Chrysler Building | 319 | 1,046 | 1930 | Skyscraper | Office | ![]() |
New York City | Tallest structure in the world 1930–1931 | 40°45′06″N 73°58′31″W / 40.75167°N 73.97528°W |
43 | New York Times Building | 319 | 1,046 | 2007 | Skyscraper | Office | ![]() |
New York City | 40°45′23″N 73°59′24″W / 40.75639°N 73.99000°W | |
44 | KCTV Broadcast Tower | 317.6 | 1,042 | 1956 | Lattice tower | TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Kansas City | 39°04′15″N 94°34′58″W / 39.07083°N 94.58278°W | |
The Spiral | 314 | 1,041 | u/c | Skyscraper | Office, observation | ![]() |
New York City | |||
Turner Broadcasting tower (1967-2010) | 314.3 | 1,031 | 1980 | Lattice tower | TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Atlanta, Georgia | Demolished in 2010 | 33°46′57″N 84°23′19″W / 33.7825°N 84.388611°W | |
45 | TV Tower Yerevan | 311.7 | 1,023 | 1977 | Lattice tower | FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Yerevan | 40°10′16.64″N 44°32′10.77″E / 40.1712889°N 44.5363250°E | |
46 | U.S. Bank Tower | 311 | 1,018 | 1990 | Skyscraper | Office | ![]() |
Los Angeles | 34°03′04″N 118°15′15″W / 34.0510°N 118.2542°W | |
47 | Fazilka TV Tower | 304.8 | 1,000 | 2007 | Lattice tower | FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Fazilka | 30°23′44.42″N 74°1′57.87″E / 30.3956722°N 74.0327417°E | |
48 | Wells Fargo Plaza | 302 | 992 | 1983 | Skyscraper | Office | ![]() |
Houston | 29°45′30″N 95°22′06″W / 29.7584396°N 95.3682630°W | |
49 tie | Mumbai Television Tower | 300 | 984 | 1972 | Lattice tower | TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Mumbai | 19°00′26″N 72°49′12″E / 19.00722°N 72.82000°E | |
49 tie | Abeno Harukas | 300 | 984 | 2014 | Skyscraper | Office, Observation | ![]() |
Osaka | Tallest skyscraper in Japan.[11] | 34°38′45.6″N 135°30′48.2″E / 34.646000°N 135.513389°E |
51 | Sutro Tower | 297.8 | 977 | 1973 | Lattice tower | FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
San Francisco, California | 37°45′19″N 122°27′10″W / 37.75523°N 122.45284°W | |
52 | Landmark Tower | 296.3 | 972 | 1993 | Skyscraper | Office, Observation | ![]() |
Yokohama | 35°27′17″N 139°37′54″E / 35.45472°N 139.63167°E | |
53 tie | Tucuruí transmission line North Tower | 295 | 968 | 2013 | Lattice tower | Electricity pylon | ![]() |
Jurupari island | ||
53 tie | Tucuruí transmission line South Tower | 295 | 968 | 2013 | Lattice tower | Electricity pylon | ![]() |
Jurupari island | ||
55 | WKRQ Tower | 294.6 | 967 | 1960's | Lattice tower | FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Cincinnati, Ohio | 39°06′59″N 84°30′07″W / 39.11639°N 84.50194°W | |
56 | Zhuzhou Television Tower | 293 | 961 | 1999 | Lattice tower | FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Shijiazhuang | 27°49′17″N 113°06′49″E / 27.82139°N 113.11361°E | |
57 | Star Tower | 290.8 | 954 | 1991 | Lattice tower | FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Cincinnati, Ohio | Landmark tower design | 39°12′01″N 84°31′22″W / 39.20028°N 84.52278°W |
58 | 70 Pine Street | 290.2 | 952 | 1932 | Skyscraper | Office | ![]() |
New York | 40°42′23″N 74°00′27″W / 40.70639°N 74.00750°W | |
59 | WLWT TV Tower | 289.6 | 950 | 1978 | Lattice tower | TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Cincinnati, Ohio | 39°07′27″N 84°31′18″W / 39.12417°N 84.52167°W | |
60 | One Liberty Place | 288 | 945 | 1987 | Skyscraper | Office | ![]() |
Philadelphia | 39°57′08″N 75°10′04″W / 39.9522°N 75.1678°W | |
61 | Dudelange Radio Tower | 285 | 935 | 1957 | Lattice tower | FM-broadcasting | ![]() |
Dudelange | 49°27′48″N 6°05′45″E / 49.46333°N 6.09583°E | |
62 tie | Akashi Kaikyō Bridge North Tower | 282.8 | 928 | 1998 | Bridge | Transportation | ![]() |
Kobe | 34°36′58″N 135°01′14″E / 34.6162°N 135.0205°E | |
62 tie | Akashi Kaikyō Bridge South Tower | 282.8 | 928 | 1998 | Bridge | Transportation | ![]() |
Kobe | 34°36′58″N 135°01′14″E / 34.6162°N 135.0205°E | |
62 tie | Cheung Kong Centre | 282.8 | 928 | 1999 | Skyscraper | Office | ![]() |
Hong Kong | 22°16′46″N 114°09′37″E / 22.27944°N 114.16028°E | |
65 | 40 Wall Street | 282.6 | 927 | 1930 | Skyscraper | Office | ![]() |
New York | 40°42′25″N 74°00′35″W / 40.706964°N 74.009672°W | |
66 tie | United Overseas Bank Plaza | 280 | 919 | 1992 | Skyscraper | Office | ![]() |
Singapore | 1°17′08″N 103°50′59″E / 1.28555°N 103.84972°E | |
66 tie | Shijiazhuang TV-tower | 280 | 919 | 1998 | Lattice tower | TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Shijiazhuang | 38°01′15.81″N 114°31′40.14″E / 38.0210583°N 114.5278167°E | |
66 tie | 280 | 919 | 2013 | Lattice tower | FM-broadcasting | ![]() |
Amritsar | originally intended to be 300 m tall[12] currently 280 m[13] due to a tilt in the towers angle.[14] | 31°36′56.58″N 74°39′54.49″E / 31.6157167°N 74.6651361°E | |
69 | Citigroup Center | 278.9 | 915 | 1977 | Skyscraper | Office | ![]() |
New York | 40°45′31″N 73°58′13″W / 40.758533°N 73.970314°W | |
70 | OUB Centre | 277.8 | 911 | 1992 | Skyscraper | Office | ![]() |
Singapore | 1°17′05″N 103°51′04″E / 1.2846°N 103.8510°E | |
71 | Net 25 Tower | 276.4 | 907 | 1990 | Lattice tower | TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Quezon City | 14°39′45″N 121°03′36″E / 14.66250°N 121.06000°E | |
72 | WCPO TV Tower | 276 | 905 | 1965 | Lattice tower | FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Cincinnati, Ohio | 39°07′30″N 84°29′56″W / 39.12500°N 84.49889°W | |
73 | Perm TV tower[15] | 275 | 902 | 2016 | Lattice tower | FM/TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Perm | 58°21′40″N 56°17′27″E / 58.36111°N 56.29083°E | |
74 tie | Tbilisi TV Broadcasting Tower | 275 | 901 | 1972 | Lattice tower | TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Tbilisi | 41°41′45″N 44°47′05″E / 41.69583°N 44.78472°E | |
74 tie | [16] | 275 | 901 | ? | Lattice tower | TV-broadcasting | ![]() |
Jakarta | ||
74 tie | Williams Tower | 275 | 901 | 1982 | Skyscraper | Office | ![]() |
Houston | 29°44′14″N 95°27′41″W / 29.73722°N 95.46139°W |
See also[]
- List of tallest buildings
- List of tallest towers in the world
- List of tallest freestanding structures in the world
- List of tallest buildings and structures in the world
- List of tallest structures in the world by country
- List of tallest oil platforms
- Lattice tower
References[]
- ^ "See One World Trade Center by skyscrapercenter.com". Retrieved 2020-07-03.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d http://www.smalldeadanimals.com/secondarypages/MIDDLE%20AGES.pdf
- ^ List of tallest oil platforms#cite note-2
- ^ "Coelacanth Project - Walter Oil & Gas Corporation". www.walteroil.com.
- ^ List of tallest oil platforms#cite note-25
- ^ "Oil Rig – A-Cognac". September 12, 2017.
- ^ India, Press Trust of (October 3, 2017). "China begins construction of world's highest power pylon". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India – via Business Standard.
- ^ Times, Robert Lindsey Special to The New York (November 10, 1976). "Exxon Nears Completion Of Deepest Offshore Rig". The New York Times.
- ^ Jump up to: a b https://cdn.southampton.ac.uk/assets/imported/transforms/content-block/UsefulDownloads_Download/2015F191205A4FB492B68B6FC2FC4501/alecture7%20choo.pdf
- ^ "Linyi Radio & TV Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
- ^ "Tallest high-rise nears completion". The Japan Times. The Japan Times. 2013-10-23. Archived from the original on 2019-01-07. Retrieved 2019-08-28.
- ^ Service, Tribune News. "Doordarshan, AIR tower lying defunct, yet to rule air waves in Amritsar". Tribuneindia News Service.
- ^ Service, Tribune News. "Government move to reduce height of AIR tower draws flak". Tribuneindia News Service.
- ^ Dutta, Amrita Nayak (September 24, 2018). "Here's why AIR bid to check Pakistan's radio propaganda in Punjab is doomed to fail".
- ^ https://radiomap.eu/ru/perm
- ^ Rirdan, Daniel (July 29, 2012). The Blueprint: Averting Global Collapse. Daniel Rirdan. ISBN 9781470135881 – via Google Books.
- Lists of buildings and structures