List of the first women holders of political offices in Europe

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Main article: List of the first women holders of political offices
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This is a list of political offices which have been held by a woman, with details of the first woman holder of each office. It is ordered by the countries in Europe and by dates of appointment. Please observe that this list is meant to contain only the first woman to hold of a political office, and not all the female holders of that office.

Albania[]

People's Socialist Republic[]

  • Member of Parliament – Naxhije Dume, Liri Gega and Ollga Plumbi – 1946
  • Minister of Culture, Education and Science – Nexhmije Hoxha – 1946[1]
  • Member of the Praesidium of the People's Republic of Albania – Liri Belishova – 1950[2]
  • Minister of Agriculture – – 1975[citation needed]
  • President of the Praesidium of the People's Republic of Albania – – 1978[3]

Republic[]

Andorra[]

  • Minister for Public Service – – 1985[11]
  • Mayor of Andorra la Vella – Conxita Mora Jordana – 1999[12]
  • Foreign Minister – Meritxell Mateu i Pi – 2007.[13]
  • Speaker of the Parliament – Roser Suñé Pascuet – 3 May 2019[14]

Armenia[]

Kingdom of Armenia[]

  • Monarch — Erato of Armenia - 1st century BC & first half of 1st century[15]

First Republic of Armenia[]

  • Member of Parliament — Katarine Zalyan-Manukyan — 1919[16]
  • Member of Parliament — Perchuhi Partizpanyan-Barseghyan — 1919[16]
  • Member of Parliament — Varvara Sahakyan — 1919[16]

Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic[]

  • Deputy Premier Minister – – 1975 [17]
  • Minister of Trade – – 1991[18]

Republic of Armenia[]

  • Ombudsman – Larisa Alaverdyan – 1 March 2004[19]
  • Minister of Culture — Hasmik Poghosyan – 8 June 2007[20]
  • — Hranush Hakobyan – 1 October 2008[21]
  • —Hermine Naghdalyan – 31 May 2012[22]
  • Leader of Prosperous Armenia Political Party – Naira Zohrabyan – 5 March 2015[23]
  • Minister of Justice — Arpine Hovhannisyan – 4 September 2015[24]
  • Minister of Culture — Lilit Makunts — 12 May 2018 (Pashinyan government)[25]
  • Minister of Labor and Social Affairs — Mane Tandilyan — 12 May 2018 (Pashinyan government)[26]

Austria[]

Imperial[]

  • Monarch – Maria Theresia of Austria – 1740[27]

Republic[]

  • Member of Parliament – Anna Boschek – 1919[28]
  • President of the Bundesrat – Olga Ruder-Zeynek – 1927[28]
  • Understate secretary for Food – Helene Postranecky – 1945[29]
  • Government Minister (Minister of Social Affairs) – Grete Rehor – 1966[30]
  • Minister for Foreign Affairs – Benita Ferrero-Waldner – 2000[31]
  • Mayor of Innsbruck – Hilde Zach – 2002–2011[32]
  • Minister for Justice – Karin Gastinger – 2004[33]
  • European Commissioner for Trade and European Neighbourhood Policy – Benita Ferrero-Waldner – 2009[34]

Azerbaijan[]

Soviet Socialist Republic[]

  • Cabinet Minister – Ayna Sultanova – 1938
  • Minister of Justice – Ayna Sultanova – 1938
  • Chairperson of the Committee for Science and Technology at the Council of Ministers – Tahira Tahirova – 1957
  • Minister of Education – Sakina Aliyeva – 1958
  • Minister of Foreign Affairs – Tahira Tahirova – 1959[35]
  • Deputy Premier Minister – Tahira Tahirova – 1963[36]
  • Vice-President – S.M. Mamedaliyeva – 1963 [36]
  • Minister of Higher and Special Education - - 1965
  • Minister Social Affairs - L.P. Lykova - 1965 [36]
  • Head of the Central Committee Department of Agriculture - L.D. Radzhabova - 1971[36]
  • Minister of Public Service/Consumers Protection - - 1974
  • Minister of Trade - - 1979
  • Minister of Foreign Affairs – Elmira Gafarova – 1983
  • Chairwoman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet – Elmira Gafarova – 1989[37]
  • Speaker of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan – Elmira Gafarova – 1990

Republic[]

Belarus[]

Soviet Socialist Republic[]

  • Chairman of the Supreme Soviet – Nadezhda Grigoryevna Grekova – 1938[43]
  • Public Commisar of Education – Evdokiya Ilinichna Uralova – 1938
  • Deputy Premier Minister for Culture – Nina Leonovna Snezhkova – 1970
  • Minister of Food Industry – – 1980[44]

Belgium[]

  • Count of Flanders – Margaret I – 1191[45]
  • Count of Luxembourg – Ermesinde – 1197[46]
  • Count of Hainaut – Margaret I – 1244[47]
  • Duke of Brabant – Joanna – 1355[48]
  • Duke of Burgundy – Mary of Burgundy – 1477[49]
  • Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands – Margaret of Austria – 1507[50]
  • Duke of Bouillon – Charlotte de La Marck – 1574[51]

Kingdom[]

  • Member of Parliament (Senate) – Marie Janson – 1921[52]
  • Mayor – Léonie Keingiaert de Gheluvelt, (Gheluvelt) – 1921[53]
  • Member of Parliament (Chamber of Representatives) – Lucie Dejardin – 1929[54]
  • Minister for Family and Housing – Marguerite De Riemaecker-Legot – 1965[55]
  • Minister for Flemish Affairs – – 1974[56]
  • Mayor of Antwerp – Mathilde Schroyens – 1977[57]
  • Party leader of major political party – Antoinette Spaak – 1977[58]
  • Secretary of State for Brussels Region – Lydia De Pauw – 1979[59]
  • Secretary of State for the Dutch-speaking Community – – 1979[60]
  • Secretary of State for Environment and Social Emancipation – Miet Smet – 1985[61]
  • Secretary of State for Pensions – Leona Detiège – 1988[60]
  • Minister for Budget – Wivina Demeester – 1991[62]
  • Minister for Employment and Labour – Miet Smet – 1992[61]
  • Minister of Health – Laurette Onkelinx – 1992[63]
  • Minister-President of the French Community – Laurette Onkelinx – 1993[63]
  • Minister for Social Affairs – Magda De Galan – 1994[64]
  • Deputy Prime Minister – Laurette Onkelinx & Isabelle Durant – 1999[63][65]
  • Minister of Transport – Isabelle Durant – 1999[65]
  • Minister of Justice – Laurette Onkelinx – 2003[63][66]
  • President of the Senate – Anne-Marie Lizin – 2004[67]
  • President of the Parliament of the French Community – Isabelle Simonis – 2004[68]
  • President of the Flemish Parliament – Marleen Vanderpoorten – 2006[69]
  • European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility – Marianne Thyssen – 2014[70]
  • Prime Minister - Sophie Wilmès - 2019[71]

Bosnia and Herzegovina[]

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina[]

Republika Srpska[]

  • Minister of Finance - Petra Marković – 1992[74]
  • President – Biljana Plavšić – 1996[75]
  • Minister of Finance – – 2004[76]
  • Vice President of Parliament – – 2006[77]
  • Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economic relations and Regional cooperation – – 2006[78]
  • Minister of Self-government – – 2010[79]
  • Minister of Tourism and Trade – – 2010[80]
  • Minister of Sport and youth – – 2010[81]
  • Minister of Justice – Biljana Marić - 2001[82]
  • Minister of Justice (Republika Srpska) - Gorana Zlatković - 2011[83]
  • Minister of Planning, Civil Engineering and Ecology – Srebrenka Golić – 2010[84]
  • Minister of Economic regional relations – Željka Cvijanović – 2010[85]
  • Prime Minister – Željka Cvijanović – 2013[85]
  • Minister of Tourism and Trade – – 2013[86]

Bulgaria[]

Kingdom[]

  • Regent – Maria Palaiologina Kantakouzene – 1271 or Irene Komnene of Epirus – 1246 (disputed)[87]

People's Republic[]

  • Minister of Posts, Telegraphs and Telephones – Tsola Dragoycheva – 1947[88]
  • Minister of Justice - Svetla Daskalova - 1966[89]

Republic[]

  • Prime Minister (acting) – Reneta Indzhova – 1994[90]
  • Foreign minister (acting) – Irina Bokova – 1996[91]
  • European Commissioner for Consumer Protection – Meglena Kuneva – 2009[92]
  • President of the National Assembly – Tsetska Tsacheva – 2009[93][94]
  • Mayor of Sofia – Yordanka Fandakova – 2009[95]

Croatia[]

Kingdom[]

Socialist Republic of Croatia[]

Republic[]

Cyprus[]

Kingdom[]

Republic[]

Northern Cyprus[]

unrecognized, secessionist state

Czech Republic[]

Czechoslovakia (1918-1992)[]

  • Members of the first Czechoslovak Parliament: (unicameral) – , , , , , Alice Masarykova, , Bozena Vikova-Kuneticka, , – 1918
  • Deputy Speaker of the – – 1945[122]
  • – – 1947[123]
  • Deputy Prime Minister – – 1954[124]
  • – – 1954[125]
  • Minister of Post and Telecommunication – – 1969[126]
  • Speaker of the – – 1969[127]
  • Deputy Speaker of the – – 1986[127]
  • Deputy Speaker of the – – 1989[127]
  • – – 1989[128]

Czech Republic (1992-onward)[]

Denmark[]

  • Regent – Margaret Sambiria – 1259[150]
  • Monarch – Margaret I – 1387[151]
  • Minister for Education – Nina Bang – 1924[152]
  • – Fanny Jensen – 1947[153]
  • Minister for Justice – Helga Pedersen – 1950[154][155]
  • Ministry for Justice (Hjørring Retskreds) - Anne Mette Ovesen - 2003[156]
  • Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs – Bodil Koch – 1950[157]
  • Mayor of Stege: Eva Madsen (1950)[158]
  • Speaker of the Landsting, Chamber of Parliament – Ingeborg Hansen – 1950[159]
  • – Lis Groes – 1953[160]
  • – Marianne Jelved – 1993[161]
  • European Commissioner for the Environment – Ritt Bjerregaard – 1995[162]
  • Minister of Finance – Pia Gjellerup – 2000[163]
  • Minister for Agriculture and Food – Mariann Fischer Boel – 2002[164]
  • Lord Mayor of Copenhagen – Ritt Bjerregaard – 2006[165]
  • Minister of Foreign Affairs – Lene Espersen – 2010[166]
  • Prime Minister – Helle Thorning-Schmidt – 2011[167]
  • Speaker of the Folketing – Pia Kjærsgaard – 2015[168]

Faroe Islands[]

  • Minister of Economy, Statistics, Transport and Justice - Jóngerð Purkhús - 1989-1991[169]
  • Prime Minister – Marita Petersen – 1993[170]
  • Speaker of the Løgting – Marita Petersen – 1994[170]
  • High Commissioner – Vibeke Larsen −1995[171]

Greenland[]

  • Foreign minister – Aleqa Hammond – 2007[172]
  • Speaker of the Inatsisartut – Ruth Heilmann – 2008[173][174]
  • High Commissioner – Mikaela Engell – 2011[175]
  • Prime Minister – Aleqa Hammond – 2013[172]

Estonia[]

Danish Estonia[]

  • Regent – Margaret Sambiria of Denmark – 1259[150]

Swedish Estonia and Livonia[]

  • Monarch – Christina of Sweden – 1632[176]

Autonomous Governorate of Estonia[]

Republic of Estonia[]

Estonian Government in Exile[]

Soviet-occupied Estonia[]

Republic of Estonia[]

  • Minister of Internal Affairs – Lagle Parek – 1992[186]
  • Minister of Social Affairs – Marju Lauristin – 1992[187]
  • Minister of Reforms – Liia Hänni – 1994[182]
  • Minister of Economic Affairs – Liina Tõnisson – 1995[188]
  • Mayor of Tallinn – Ivi Eenmaa – 1995[189]
  • Minister of Culture – Signe Kivi – 1999[182]
  • Minister of Foreign Affairs – Kristiina Ojuland – 2002[190]
  • Minister of Education – Mailis Rand – 2002[191]
  • County Governor (Tartu County) – Eha Pärn – 2003 (acting governor until 2004)[192]
  • President of the Riigikogu – Ene Ergma – 2003[193]
  • Mayor of Tartu – Laine Jänes – 2003[194]
  • Minister of Agriculture – Ester Tuiksoo – 2004[195]
  • Members of the European Parliament – Marianne Mikko and Siiri Oviir – 2004[196]
  • Minister of Population Affairs – Urve Palo – 2007[197]
  • Minister of Environment – Keit Pentus – 2011[198]
  • Minister of Foreign Trade and Entrepreneurship – Anne Sulling – 2014[199]
  • Minister of Finance – Maris Lauri – 2014[200]
  • Chancellor of Justice – Ülle Madise – 2015[201]
  • Minister of Entrepreneurship – Ülle Madise – 2015[201]
  • President of Estonia – Kersti Kaljulaid – 2016[202]
  • Election-winning party leader – Kaja Kallas of the Estonian Reform Party – 2019
  • Prime Minister - Kaja Kallas - 2021
  • Minister of Social Protection - Signe Riisalo - 2021

Finland[]

Swedish Realm[]

  • Regent – Ingeborg of Norway – 1319[203]

Kalmar Union[]

  • Monarch – Margaret I – 1389[204]

Swedish Realm[]

Grand Duchy[]

Republic[]

Åland[]

France[]

  • Regent – Anne of Kiev – 1060[234]
  • Undersecretary of State for national education – Cécile Brunschvicg – 1936[235]
  • Undersecretary of state for Public Health – Suzanne Lacore – 1936[236]
  • Undersecretary of state for Science – Irène Joliot-Curie – 1936[237]
  • Minister of Health – Germaine Poinso-Chapuis – 1947 (first government minister; Simone Veil who held the portfolio between 1974 and 1979 is often incorrectly cited as the first officeholder)
  • Prefect – Yvette Chassagne (Loir-et-Cher) – 1981[238]
  • Mayor of Strasbourg – Catherine Trautmann – 1989[239]
  • European Commissioner for Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud – Christiane Scrivener – 1989[240]
  • Prime Minister – Édith Cresson – 1991[241]
  • Minister of Labour – Martine Aubry – 1997[242]
  • Minister of Culture – Catherine Trautmann – 1997
  • Minister of Justice – Élisabeth Guigou – 1997[243]
  • Mayor of Lille – Martine Aubry – 2001[242]
  • Minister of Defence – Michèle Alliot-Marie – 2002[244]
  • Mayor of Montpellier – Hélène Mandroux – 2004[245]
  • Minister of the Overseas – Brigitte Girardin – 2002
  • Minister of the Interior – Michèle Alliot-Marie – 2007[244]
  • Minister of Finance – Christine Lagarde – 2007[246]
  • Minister of Foreign Affairs – Michèle Alliot-Marie – 2010[244]
  • Mayor of Nantes – Johanna Rolland– 2014[247]
  • Mayor of Paris – Anne Hidalgo– 2014[248]
  • Minister of Education – Najat Vallaud-Belkacem – 2014
  • Mayor of Marseille – Michèle Rubirola– 2020[249]

Georgia[]

Kingdom[]

Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic[]

  • Minister of Trade – – 1957 [252]
  • Minister of Education – – 1960
  • Deputy Premier – Victoria M. Siradze – 1962
  • Vice-President – – 1979

Republic[]

  • – Nino Burjanadze – 2003 – 2004 and 2007[253]
  • President (acting) – Nino Burjanadze – 2003[253]
  • Minister for Foreign Affairs – Salomé Zurabishvili – 2004[254]
  • – – 2008[255]
  • Minister of Defense – Tina Khidasheli – 1 May 2015[256]

Abkhazia[]

Germany[]

Holy Roman Empire[]

  • Regent – Adelaide of Italy and Theophanu (co-regents) – 983[257]

Weimar Republic[]

  • Weimar National Assembly – 36 women, among them being Marie Baum, Marie Juchacz, Louise Schroeder – 1919[258][259]

Allied Occupation[]

  • Mayor of Berlin – Louise Schroeder – 1947[260]

Democratic Republic[]

  • Member of the – Friedel Malter – 1948[261]
  • Minister of Justice – Hilde Benjamin – 1953[262][263]
  • President of the Volkskammer and Acting Head of state – Sabine Bergmann-Pohl – 1990[264]

Federal Republic (West)[]

  • State secretary of Youth and Family Affairs – Gabriele Wülker – 1957[265]
  • Minister of Health – Elisabeth Schwarzhaupt – 1961[266]
  • President of the Bundestag – Annemarie Renger – 1972[267]

Federal Republic (United)[]

  • Minister of Justice – Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger – 1992[268]
  • Minister-President of any German state – Heide Simonis (of Schleswig-Holstein) – 1993[269][270]
  • European Commissioner for Regional Policy – Monika Wulf-Mathies – 1994[271][272]
  • Mayor of Frankfurt – Petra Roth – 1995[273]
  • Chancellor – Angela Merkel – 2005[274]
  • Minister of Defence – Ursula von der Leyen – 2013[275]

Greece[]

Kingdom[]

  • Regent – Queen Olga – 1920[276]
  • Member of Parliament – Eleni Skoura – 1953[277]
  • Mayor (Corfu)– Maria Desylla-Kapodistria – 1953[citation needed]
  • Government minister and Minister for Social Welfare – Lina Tsaldari – 1956[277]

Republic[]

  • Minister for Culture – Melina Mercouri – 1981[278]
  • Minister of Justice - Anna Benaki-Psarouda - 1992[279]
  • Minister of Education and Religious Affairs – Marietta Giannakou-Koutsikou – 1993[280]
  • Minister for Environment – Vassiliki "Vaso" Papandreou – 1999[281]
  • European Commissioner for Employment and Social Affairs – Anna Diamantopoulou – 1999[282]
  • Mayor of Athens – Dora Bakoyannis – 2003[283]
  • President of Parliament – Anna Psarouda-Benaki – 2004[279]
  • Minister for Foreign Affairs – Dora Bakoyannis – 2006[283]
  • Minister for Tourism – Fani Palli-Petralia – 2006[284]
  • Prime Minister (acting, not elected) – Vassiliki Thanou-Christophilou – 2015[285]
  • President of Greece - Katerina Sakellaropoulou -2020

Hungary[]

Kingdom[]

  • Monarch – Mary of Hungary – 1382[286]
  • Member of Parliament – Margit Slachta – 1920[287]

People's Republic[]

Republic[]

Iceland[]

See also: List of female cabinet ministers of Iceland

Kingdom[]

Republic[]

Ireland[]

Kingdom of Ireland[]

  • Queen regnant – Mary – 1553

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland[]

  • Member of parliament – Constance Markievicz – 1918[308]

Irish Republic[]

Free State[]

  • Senator (Free State Senate) – Eileen Costello, Alice Stopford Green, Ellen Cuffe and Jennie Wyse Power – 1922[310]
  • Leader of a political party – Margaret Buckley – 1937[311][312]

Ireland (Republic of Ireland)[]

Main article: Electoral firsts in the Republic of Ireland

Italy[]

Main article: Electoral firsts in Italy
  • Undersecretary of Industry and Trade – Angela Maria Guidi Cingolani – 1951[338]
  • Minister of Labour and Social Security – Tina Anselmi – 1976[338]
  • Minister for Health – Tina Anselmi – 1978[339] (First female governmental minister)
  • President of the Chamber of Deputies – Nilde Iotti – 1979[340]
  • Minister of Education – Franca Falcucci – 1982[341]
  • Senator for Life – Camilla Ravera – 1982[342]
  • Minister of Tourism – Margherita Boniver – 1992[343]
  • President of Lombardia – Fiorella Ghilardotti – 1992[344]
  • – Adriana Poli Bortone – 1994[345]
  • European Commissioner for Health and Consumer Protection – Emma Bonino – 1995[346]
  • Minister of Foreign Affairs – Susanna Agnelli – 1995[347]
  • Minister without Portfolio – Livia Turco – 1996[348][349]
  • – Anna Finocchiaro – 1996[350]
  • – Giovanna Melandri – 1998[351]
  • Minister of Interior – Rosa Russo Iervolino – 1998[352]
  • President of Trentino-Alto Adige – Margherita Cogo – 1999[353]
  • President of Umbria – Maria Rita Lorenzetti – 2000[353]
  • Mayor of Naples – Rosa Russo Iervolino – 2001[354]
  • President of Piedmont – Mercedes Bresso – 2006[355]
  • – Emma Bonino – 2006[356]
  • Mayor of Milan – Letizia Moratti – 2006[354]
  • Minister of the Environment – Stefania Prestigiacomo – 2008[357]
  • President of Democratic Party (Italy) – Rosy Bindi – 2009[358]
  • President of Lazio – Renata Polverini – 2010[359]
  • Minister of Justice – Paola Severino – 2011[360]
  • President of Friuli-Venezia Giulia – Debora Serracchiani – 2013[361]
  • – Cécile Kyenge – 2013[362]
  • Minister of Defence – Roberta Pinotti – 2014[363]
  • Minister of Economic Development – Federica Guidi – 2014[364]
  • – Maria Elena Boschi – 2014[365]
  • Mayor of Rome - Virginia Raggi - 2016[354]
  • President of the Senate - Maria Elisabetta Alberti Casellati – 2018[366][367]

Latvia[]

First Republic[]

Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic[]

Second Republic[]

Liechtenstein[]

  • Deputy Government Councillor for Social Affairs – – 1984[376]
  • Member of Liechtenstein's government - Cornelia Gassner - 1993[377][378]
  • Minister of Foreign Affairs – Andrea Willi – 1993[379]

Lithuania[]

Republic[]

Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic[]

Republic of Lithuania[]

Luxembourg[]

County, Duchy and Grand Duchy[]

  • Monarch – Ermesinde, Countess of Luxembourg – 1197[387]

Grand Duchy[]

  • Grand Duchess – Marie-Adélaïde – 1912[388]
  • Member of Parliament – Marguerite Thomas-Clement – 1919
  • Minister of Family, Youth, Social Solidarity, Health, Culture and Religious Affairs – Madeleine Frieden-Kinnen – 1969[389]
  • Mayor of Luxembourg City – Colette Flesch– 1970[390]
  • Deputy Prime Minister – Colette Flesch – 1980[390]
  • President of the Council of the European Union - Colette Flesch - 1980[391]
  • Minister of Justice - Colette Flesch - 1980[391]
  • Minister for Foreign Affairs – Colette Flesch – 1980[390]
  • President of the Chamber of Deputies – Erna Hennicot-Schoepges – 1989[392]
  • European Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality – Martine Reicherts – 2009[393]

Macedonia[]

Malta[]

Colony[]

Republic[]

Moldova[]

Transnistria[]

unrecognized, secessionist state

Monaco[]

Montenegro[]

Serbia and Montenegro[]

  • Speaker of Parliament – – 2001[410]
  • – – 2004[411]
  • Mayor of City/President of Municipality (first elected) – – 2005[412]

Republic of Montenegro[]

  • Deputy Prime Minister- – 2006[413]

Netherlands[]

Spanish Netherlands[]

  • Governor- Margaret of Austria- 1507–1530[414]

Dutch Republic[]

Kingdom[]

  • Monarch – Queen Wilhelmina – 1890[417]
  • Member of the House of Representatives of the States-General – Suze Groeneweg – 1917[418]
  • Member of the Senate of the States-General – Carry Pothuis-Smit – 1920[419]
  • Alderman – – 1924[420]
  • Mayor – Truus Smulders-Beliën – 1946[421]
  • Minister of Social Work – Marga Klompé – 1956[422]
  • Party chair – Haya van Someren – 1969[423]
  • Minister of Health and Hygiene – Irene Vorrink – 1973[424]
  • Parliamentary leader in the Senate – Haya van Someren – 1976[423]
  • Party leader – Ria Beckers – 1977[425]
  • Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives – Ria Beckers – 1977[425]
  • Minister of Transport, Public Works and Water Management – Neelie Kroes – 1982[426]
  • Minister for Development Cooperation – Eegje Schoo – 1982[427]
  • Minister of the Interior – Ien Dales – 1989[428]
  • Minister of Justice – Winnie Sorgdrager – 1994[429]
  • Minister of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment – Margreeth de Boer – 1994[430]
  • Deputy Prime Ministers – Annemarie Jorritsma and Els Borst – 1998[431]
  • Minister of Economic Affairs – Annemarie Jorritsma – 1998[432]
  • Speaker of the House of Representatives – Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven – 1998[433]
  • Minister of Education, Culture and Science – Maria van der Hoeven – 2002[434]
  • Minister for Integration and Immigration – Rita Verdonk – 2003[435]
  • President of the Senate – Yvonne Timmerman-Buck – 2003[436]
  • European Commissioner – Neelie Kroes – 2004[426]
  • Minister of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality – Gerda Verburg – 2007[437]
  • Minister of Infrastructure and the Environment – Melanie Schultz van Haegen – 2010[438]
  • Minister of Defence – Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert – 2012[439]

Norway[]

Other political positions
  • Party leader – Eva Kolstad (Liberal) – 1974[457]

Svalbard[]

Poland[]

Kingdom (1385–1569)[]

  • Monarch – Jadwiga of Poland – 1384[458]

Second Republic[]

People's Republic[]

  • Vice-Chairperson of the Provisoric Government - Wanda Wasilewska - 1944[460]
  • Minister of Justice – Zofia Wasilkowska – 1956[461]
  • Minister of Administration, Land Economy and Environment – Maria Milczarek – 1976[462]
  • – Maria Milczarek – 1979[462]
  • Minister of Education and Behaviour – – 1985[463]
  • Minister of Health and Welfare – – 1988[464]

Republic[]

  • Minister of Culture and Art – – 1989[465]
  • – Henryka Bochniarz – 1991[466]
  • Prime Minister – Hanna Suchocka – 1992[467]
  • Chairman of the National Bank of Poland – Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz – 1992[468]
  • – Barbara Blida – 1993[469]
  • Marshal of the Senate – Alicja Grześkowiak – 1997[470]
  • Minister of Finance – Halina Wasilewska-Trenkner – 2001[471]
  • Minister of State Treasury – – 2001[472]
  • – Danuta Hübner – 2003[473]
  • Deputy Prime Minister – Izabela Jaruga-Nowacka – 2004[474][475]
  • – Izabela Jaruga-Nowacka – 2004[474][475]
  • European Commissioner for Regional Policy – Danuta Hübner – 2004[473]
  • Minister of Regional Development – Grażyna Gęsicka – 2005[476]
  • Minister of Foreign Affairs – Anna Fotyga – 2006[477]
  • President of Warsaw – Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz – 2006[468]
  • Minister of Sport and Tourism – Elżbieta Jakubiak – 2007[478]
  • Minister of Science and Higher Education – Barbara Kudrycka – 2007[479]
  • Marshal of the Sejm – Ewa Kopacz – 2011[480]

Portugal[]

County[]

  • Regent – Theresa, Countess of Portugal – 1112[481]

Kingdom[]

  • Monarch (disputed) – Beatrice of Portugal – 1383[482]
  • Monarch – Maria I – 1777[481]

Republic[]

Romania[]

Main article: Electoral firsts in Romania

Kingdom[]

People's Republic[]

  • Minister of Health - Florica Bagdasar - 1946
  • Minister of Foreign Affairs – Ana Pauker – 1947[504]
  • Minister of Social Affairs – – 1952[505]
  • First Deputy Prime Minister – Elena Ceauşescu – 1980[506]

Republic[]

Russia[]

Imperial[]

  • Regent – Elena Glinskaya – 1533[515]
  • Monarch – Catherine I of Russia – 1725[516]

Intermin Republic[]

  • Vice Minister of State Welfare and Vice Minister of Education – Sofia Panina – 1917[517]

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics[]

  • Commissar (Minister) - Alexandra Kollontai – 1917[518] (First female minister in the world)
  • Member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union - Nadezhda Krupskaya – 1924[519]
  • Deputy minister (Commissar) of Education - Nadezhda Krupskaya – 1929[519]
  • Member of the Supreme Soviet - Nadezhda Krupskaya – 1931[519]
  • Member of the Politburo - Ekaterina Furtseva – 1957[520]

Federation[]

  • Governor Valentina Matviyenko – 2003[521]
  • Mayor of Saint Petersburg Valentina Matviyenko – 2003[521]
  • Chairwoman of the Federation Council of Russia - Valentina Matviyenko – 2011[521]

San Marino[]

  • Minister of the Interior and of Justice - Clara Boscaglia - 1978[522][523]
  • Co-Captain Regent – Maria Lea Pedini-Angelini – 1981[524]
  • Foreign minister – Antonella Mularoni – 2008[525]

Serbia[]

Imperial[]

  • Regent - Helena of Bulgaria – 1355–1357[526]

Despotate[]

  • Monarch – Jelena (Marija) – 1458 – 1459[527]

Principality[]

Socialist Yugoslavian Republic[]

  • Minister of Education – Mitra Mitrović – 1945 – 1948[529]
  • Minister of Labour – – 1946 – 1948[530]
  • Minister of Health - - 1948 -1953[530]
  • Deputy Prime Minister - – 1953 – 1963[530]

Federal Yugoslavia[]

Republic of Serbia[]

Kosovo[]

partially recognized secessionist state under nominal international administration

Slovakia[]

Please note: Independent Slovak Republic was established on January 1, 1993. The first female politicians of Slovak Republic as a part of Czech and Slovak Federative Republic are not included above.

List of Slovak female holders of political offices before independence[]

Czechoslovakia[]

  • Member of Parliament – – 1919[592]
  • Commissioner for Health and Social Welfare (equivalent to minister) – – 1950[593]
  • – – 1986[593]
  • – – 1989[594]

Czech and Slovak Federative Republic[]

Slovenia[]

Spain[]

Kingdom[]

This list includes office holders after the unification of Spain in the 16th-century:

  • Monarch – Joanna I – 1504–1555[citation needed]
  • Regent – Isabella of Portugal – 1535-1539[609]
  • First Female Mayor – Matilde Pérez Mollá – 1924[610]
  • First thirteen Members of National Assembly – Blanca de los Ríos de Lampérez, Isidra Quesada y Gutiérrez de los Ríos, Micaela Díaz y Rabaneda, María de Maeztu, María de Echarri y Martínez, María López de Sagredo, Concepción Loring y Heredia, Carmen Cuesta del Muro, Teresa Luzzatti Quiñones, Josefina Oloriz Arcelus, María López Moleón, María Natividad Domínguez de Roger y Trinidad Von Scholtzhermensdorff - 1927[611]

Second Republic[]

  • Members of Parliament – Margarita Nelken, Clara Campoamor and Victoria Kent – 1931[612]
  • First democratic mayor – María Domínguez Remón – 1932[613]
  • Minister of Health – Federica Montseny – 1936[614]

Francoist Spain[]

Kingdom (restored)[]

Autonomous City[]

Sweden[]

Kingdom[]

During the Kalmar Union (1397–1523), Sweden-Finland was in union with Denmark and Norway, but maintained its own administration. Sweden was in union with Norway during the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway (1814–1905), but each country had its own administration and laws, and thus should be listed separately.

Switzerland[]

  • Member of a citizens' council – Trudy Späth-Schweizer – 1958[672]
  • President of a Cantonal Parliament (of Geneva) – Emma Kammacher – 1965[673]
  • Member of the Swiss Council of States – Lise Girardin – 1971[673]
  • Member of the Swiss National Council – Nelly Wicky, Lilian Uchtenhagen, Hanny Thalmann, Liselotte Spreng, , Martha Ribi, Gabrielle Nanchen, Josi Meier, Hedi Lang, Tilo Frey, Elisabeth Blunschy – 1971[674]
  • President of the Swiss National Council – Elisabeth Blunschy – 1977[675]
  • Member of a Cantonal Executive (of Zurich) – Hedi Lang – 1983[676]
  • Member of the Swiss Federal Council – Elisabeth Kopp – 1984[677]
  • Justice minister – Elisabeth Kopp – 1984[677][678]
  • Vice-President of the Swiss Confederation – Elisabeth Kopp – 1989[677]
  • President of the Swiss Council of States – Josi Meier – 1991[679]
  • Landammann of Schwyz – – 1992[680]
  • Schultheiss of Lucerne – – 1992[681]
  • Landammann of Zug – – 1993[682]
  • Landammann of Aargau – – 1997[680]
  • President of the Swiss Confederation – Ruth Dreifuss – 1999[683]
  • Landammann of Uri – – 2002[684]
  • Foreign minister – Micheline Calmy-Rey – 2003[685]
  • Landammann of Nidwalden – – 2005[686]
  • Economics minister – Doris Leuthard – 2006[687]
  • Landammann of Glarus – – 2008[688]
  • Member of the Conseil d'État of the canton of Valais – – 2009[689]
  • Mayor of Zurich – Corine Mauch – 2009[690]

Turkey[]

Main article: Women in Turkish politics

Ottoman[]

Republic[]

Ukraine[]

Soviet Socialist Republic[]

  • Government minister and Minister of Interior – Evgenia Bosh – 1918[713]
  • Acting Prime Minister – Evgenia Bosh – 1918[713]
  • Minister of Education and Science - Alla Bondar - 1962
  • Minister of Culture – Z. Rakhimbaeva – 1965
  • Chairperson of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet – Valentyna Shevchenko – 1984[714]

Republic[]

  • Prime Minister – Yulia Tymoshenko – 2005[citation needed]
  • Minister of Justice - Susanna Stanik - 1997[715][716][717]
  • Minister of Health – Raisa Bogatyrova – 1999
  • Minister of Labor and Social Policy – Lyudmila Denysova – 2007[718]
  • Minister of Finance – Natalie Jaresko – 2014

United Kingdom[]

Main article: List of electoral firsts in the United Kingdom

Great Britain[]

  • Monarch – Queen Anne – 1701[719]

Great Britain and Ireland[]

  • Member of Parliament (elected) – Constance Markievicz – 1918[308]
  • Member of Parliament (who took her seat) – Nancy Astor – 1919[308]

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland[]

  • Minister of Labour – Margaret Bondfield – 1929[720]
  • Minister for Education – Ellen Wilkinson – 1945[721]
  • Member of the House of Lords – Stella Isaacs, Marchioness of Reading – 1958[722]
  • Government Whip – Harriet Slater – 1964[723]
  • Minister of Pensions and National Insurance – Margaret Herbison – 1964[724]
  • Minister of Overseas Development – Barbara Castle – 1964[725]
  • Minister for Transport – Barbara Castle – 1965[725]
  • First Secretary of State – Barbara Castle – 1968[725]
  • Secretary of State for Social Services (Health) – Barbara Castle – 1974[725]
  • Leader of the Opposition – Margaret Thatcher – 1975[726]
  • Prime Minister – Margaret Thatcher – 1979[727]
  • Leader of the House of Lords – Janet Young, Baroness Young – 1981[728]
  • Speaker of the House of Commons – Betty Boothroyd – 1992[729]
  • Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food – Gillian Shephard – 1993[730]
  • Secretary of State for National Heritage (later Culture, Media and Sport) – Virginia Bottomley – 1995[731]
  • Secretary of State for Northern Ireland – Mo Mowlam – 1997[732]
  • President of the Board of Trade – Margaret Beckett – 1997[732]
  • Leader of the House of Commons – Ann Taylor – 1997[733]
  • Chief Whip – Ann Taylor – 1998[733]
  • Solicitor General for England and Wales – Harriet Harman – 2001[734]
  • Secretary of State for Scotland – Helen Liddell – 2001[735]
  • Deputy General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress – Frances O'Grady – 2003[736]
  • Foreign Secretary – Margaret Beckett – 2006[737]
  • Lord Speaker – Helene Hayman, Baroness Hayman – 2006[738]
  • Home Secretary – Jacqui Smith – 2007[739]
  • Attorney General – Baroness Scotland – 2007[740]
  • European Commissioner for Trade – Catherine Ashton – 2008[741]
  • Welsh Secretary – Cheryl Gillan – 2010[742]
  • General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress – Frances O'Grady – 2013[736]
  • Vice-President of the European Commission – Catherine Ashton – 2010[741]
  • Lord Chancellor – Elizabeth Truss – 2016
  • Chairman of Ways and Means – Eleanor Laing – 2020[743]
England[]
  • Regent – Edith of Scotland – 12th century[744]
  • Monarch – Queen Mary I – 1553[745]
  • Mayor of a town in England (Aldeburgh) - Elizabeth Garrett Anderson - 1908[746]
  • Lord Mayor of Norwich - Ethel Colman - 1923[747]
  • Lord Mayor of Liverpool – Margaret Beavan – 1927[748]
  • Lord Mayor of Sheffield – Ann Eliza Longden – 1936[749]
  • Lord Mayor of York – Edna Annie Crichton – 1941[750]
  • Lord Mayor of Leeds – Jessie Beatrice Kitson – 1942[751] (succeeded upon the death in office of Arthur Clark)
  • Lord Mayor of Newcastle-upon-Tyne – Violet Hardisty Grantham – 1952[752]
  • Lord Mayor of Leeds (elected) – Mary Pearce – 1958[753]
  • Lord Mayor of Bristol – Florence Mills Brown – 1963[754]
  • Lord Mayor of Kingston upon Hull – Annie Major – 1965[755]
  • Lord Mayor of Oxford – Florence Kathleen Lower – 1965[756][757]
  • Lord Mayor of Manchester – Nellie Beer – 1966[758]
  • Lord Mayor of Plymouth – Dorothy F. Innes – 1971[759]
  • Lord Mayor of Portsmouth – Phyllis Loe – 1972[760]
  • Lord Mayor of Birmingham – Marjorie Alice Brown – 1973[761]
  • Lord Mayor of London – Mary Donaldson – 1983[762]
  • Deputy Mayor of London – Nicky Gavron – 2000[763]
  • Chair of the London Assembly – Sally Hamwee – 2001[764]
  • Police and Crime Commissioner – Vera Baird, Ann Barnes, Katy Bourne, Jane Kennedy, Sue Mountstevens – 2012[765]
Northern Ireland[]
Parliament of Northern Ireland[]
  • Member of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland – Julia McMordie, Dehra Chichester – 1921[766]
  • High Sheriff of Belfast – Julia McMordie – 1928[767]
  • Minister of Health for Northern Ireland – Dehra Chichester – 1949[768]
  • Lord Mayor of Belfast – Grace Bannister – 1982[769]
Northern Ireland Assembly[]
  • Health Minister of Northern Ireland – Bairbre de Brún – 1999[770]
  • Presiding Officer of the Northern Ireland Assembly – Eileen Bell – 2007[771]
  • First Minister – Arlene Foster – 2016[772]
  • Minister of Justice - Claire Sugden - 2016[773]

Scotland[]

  • Monarch – Margaret I of Scotland – 1286[774]
  • Regent – Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scotland – 1437[775]
  • Lord Provost of Glasgow – Dame Jean Roberts – 1960[744]
  • Lord Provost of Edinburgh – Eleanor McLaughlin – 1988[776]
  • Lord Provost of Aberdeen – Margaret Farquhar – 1996[777]
  • Lord Provost of Dundee – Helen Wright – 1999[778]
  • Solicitor General for Scotland – Elish Angiolini – 2001[779]
  • Lord Advocate – Elish Angiolini – 2006[779]
  • Leader of the Scottish Conservative Party – Annabel Goldie – 2006[780]
  • Deputy First Minister – Nicola Sturgeon – 2007[781]
  • Leader of the Scottish Labour Party – Wendy Alexander – 2007[782]
  • Foreign Minister – Linda Fabiani – 2007[783]
  • Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament – Tricia Marwick – 2011[784]
  • Leader of the Scottish National Party – Nicola Sturgeon – 2014[781]
  • First Minister – Nicola Sturgeon – 2014[781]

Wales[]

  • Lord Mayor of Cardiff – Helena Evans – 1959[785]
  • Presiding Officer of the National Assembly for Wales – Jane Davidson – 1999[786]
  • Deputy First Minister for Wales – Jenny Randerson – 2001[787]
  • Leader of Plaid Cymru – Leanne Wood – 2012[397]

Vatican City[]

  • Vice Minister – Sister – 2004[788]
  • Francesca Di Giovanni - Undersecretary of the Section for Relations with States (Vatican Secretariat of State) - 2020[789]

See also[]

  • List of women heads of state
  • List of the first LGBT holders of political offices

Footnotes and references[]

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