Women in Panama

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Women in Panama
TrajeTipicoPanama.JPG
A Panamanian woman wearing traditional clothing
General Statistics
Maternal mortality (per 100,000)92 (2010)
Women in parliament19.3% (2014)[1]
Women over 25 with secondary education63.5% (2012)
Women in labour force49.0% (2012)
Gender Inequality Index[2]
Value0.407 (2019)
Rank94th out of 162
Global Gender Gap Index[3]
Value0.737 (2021)
Rank44th out of 156
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Women in Panama are the women who live in or are from Panama. Panamanian women, by tradition, are Hispanic and they are treated as equal to men, accorded with "deference and respect".

Panamanian culture[]

A Panamanian Kuna woman wearing a traditional costume.
Embera girl dressed for dancing, Panama

Young women in Panama, particularly those who are single, are regarded as persons with "very high symbolic status", including giving them roles as Carnaval Queens. One particular example of this type of reverence of female adolescents is the celebration of the inna suid by the Kuna Indians, which is a three-day celebration of the adolescent girls' coming of age.[4]

Some Panamanian women occupy high positions in the field of the professions, education, and government service. Panama had a female president as their national leader, in the person of Mireya Moscoso, who was Panama's first female president, serving from 1999 to 2004.[4]

The literacy rate (as of 2015) is estimated at 94.4% for females and 95.7% males (aged 15 and over).[5]

Family life[]

In common with other Latin American countries, cohabitation is today very common in Panama, and most children are born to unmarried women: in the 2000s, 58,5% of births were to cohabiting mothers, 24,4% to married mothers, and 17,1% to single mothers (not living with a partner).[6] But unlike other countries in the region, births outside of marriage have been the majority for decades: in the 1970s only 30,4% of children were born inside of marriage.[6] The total fertility rate (TFR) is 2.38/children born per woman (as of 2014).[7]

Domestic violence[]

Further information: Domestic violence in Panama

Domestic violence is a problem in the country. Panama enacted Ley No.38 del 2001 against domestic violence.[8] In 2013, the country enacted Law 82 - Typifying Femicide and Violence Against Women (Ley 82 - Tipifica el Femicidio y la Violencia contra las Mujeres) a comprehensive law against violence against women.[9]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Women in Parliaments: World Classification".
  2. ^ "Gender Inequality Index" (PDF). HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORTS. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  3. ^ "Global Gender Gap Report 2021" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  4. ^ a b Panama, everyculture.com
  5. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-11-24. Retrieved 2015-06-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. ^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-06-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. ^ "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 2009-10-28. Retrieved 2015-06-15.
  8. ^ http://www.organojudicial.gob.pa/cendoj/wp-content/blogs.dir/cendoj/codigo_judicial/leyes_modifican/ley_38_2001.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  9. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-06-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

External links[]

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