Lists of mosques cover mosques, places of worship for Muslims. The lists include the most famous, largest and oldest mosques, and mosques mentioned in the Quran, as well as lists of mosques in each region and country of the world. The major regions, Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania are sorted alphabetically.
The sub-regions, such as Northeast and Northwest Africa in Africa, and Arabia and South Asia in Asia, are sorted by the dates in which their first mosques were reportedly established, more or less, barring those that are mentioned by name in the Quran.
Al-Masjid al-Ḥarām,[b] the holiest sanctuary, containing the Ka'bah, a site of the Ḥajj ('Pilgrimage'), the Qiblah[10] (Direction of formal prayers of Muslims), and the first mosque[11][12] in Islamic thought.[13][14] Rebuilt many times, notably 1571 by the Ottomans, and the late 20th century by the Saudis, further enlargement under way since 2010.
Al-Masjid al-Nabawi
Medina
Saudi Arabia
622
Second holiest site in Islam (after Al-Haram Mosque) and Muhammad's mosque, which houses his tomb in what was initially his and his wife Aisha's house. Largely rebuilt and greatly enlarged in the late 20th century, whilst retaining at its heart the earlier construction of the Ottomans, and landmark green dome atop the prophet's mausoleum.
Al-Aqsa Mosque
Jerusalem
Palestine
After 637 (exact date uncertain; either 7th or early 8th century)[15]
Al-Masjid al-Aqṣá,[7] the former Qiblah,[16] site of the significant event of Al-Isra' wal-Mi'raj, third holiest site in Islam. Although properly referring to the whole Temple Mount compound (seen as a single mosque),[note 1] today however it refers specifically to the silver-domed congregational mosque or prayer hall facing Mecca (otherwise known as Al-Qibli Mosque (see below)) located on the southern side of the compound. The Temple Mount site itself is much older and is associated with Abraham.[1]
The first mosque built by Muhammad in the 7th century CE, possibly mentioned as the "Mosque founded on piety since the first day"[23] in the Quran.[citation needed] Largely rebuilt in the late 20th century.
Levant (for Cyprus and Greater Syria) & Fertile Crescent
Building
Image
Location
Country
First built
Denomination
Notes
Al-Qibli Mosque (al-Jami' al-Aqsa)
Jerusalem (old city)
Palestine
637
A Muslim prayer hall with a silver-colored lead dome located in the southern part of Al-Aqsa Mosque (Temple Mount), built by the RashiduncaliphUmar ibn Al-Khattab.
The mosque is named after a commander of the 1571 Ottoman army who made an expedition in 1571.[35][36]
Great Mosque of Kufa
Kufa
Iraq
639
Shia
The mosque, built in the 7th century, contains the remains of Muslim ibn Aqeel – first cousin of Husayn ibn Ali, his companion Hani ibn Urwa, and the revolutionary Mukhtar al-Thaqafi.
Built in 537 as a Greek Orthodox cathedral, converted to a mosque in 1453, and then a museum in 1931,[37] again converted to a mosque in 2020.
Masjid al-Hisn
Mopsuestia, Adana Province
Turkey
717-720
Built by the Umayyad caliph Umar II, as part of his conversion of the city into a military base to shield Antioch from a potential Greek attack. The building fell into ruin during the reign of Al-Mu'tasim, approximately 120 years later.
Major monument of early Ottoman architecture.[41] Significantly restored and repaired across its history.[40]
Green Mosque (Yeşil Camii)
Bursa
Turkey
1419-1421
Sunni
Important monument of early Ottoman architecture.[41]
Fatih Mosque
Istanbul
Turkey
1463-1470; but significantly rebuilt between 1766 and 1771
Sunni
First Ottoman imperial mosque built in Istanbul, commissioned by Mehmet II Fatih. It was severely damaged by an earthquake in 1766 and rebuilt afterwards in a different style, though elements of the original mosque survive in the current building.[42]
Built by Malik bin Dinar, companion of Prophet Muhammad, on orders of Cheraman Perumal,[45] then King of modern-day Kerala, it is the oldest mosque in the Indian subcontinent.[46]
unnamed Ramjapur Masjid
Lalmonirhat, Rangpur
Bangladesh
Prophet's lifetime
Sunni
Possibl the earliest mosque in South Asia is under excavation in northern Bangladesh, indicating the presence of Muslims in the area around the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad.[47]
Palaiya Jumma Palli
Kilakarai
India
630
Sunni
Considered to be the first mosque to be built in Tamil Nadu, and the second mosque in India. Constructed by Yemeni merchants and trade settlers in the Pandiya Kingdom and ordered by Bazan ibn Sasan, Governor of Yemen at the time of Muhammad.[48]
Masjid al-Abrar
Beruwala, Kalutara District, Western Province
Sri Lanka
First century in the Hijri calendar
The date has been carved in its stone pillars. It is situated in western province of Sri Lanka.
This is the oldest mosque of Gilgit Baltistan located in Khaplu.[52][53]
Sixty Dome Mosque
Bagerhat
Bangladesh
1450
Built by Khan Jahan Ali, it is considered to be the second-oldest mosque in Bangladesh. The fortified structure contains eighty-one domes, sixty stone pillars and eleven mihrabs.
Established in the 16th century, it is the oldest mosque in Borneo based on its year of establishment. The form of the building has been altered in the 18th century.
Baiturrahman Grand Mosque
Masjid Raya Baiturrahman
Aceh
Indonesia
1881
One of the oldest mosque in Aceh, the building survived the 2004 Tsunami
Grand Mosque of West Sumatra
Masjid Raya Sumatera Barat
Padang, West Sumatra
Indonesia
2014
The most distinctive feature of the mosque is its roof form, a contemporary interpretation of the traditional roof of the Minangkabau vernacular houses.
The Huaisheng Mosque is the main mosque of Guangzhou. It has been rebuilt many times over its history. According to tradition it was originally built over 1,300 years ago in 627 CE by Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas, who was an uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and was named in memory of Muhammad.
Although the oldest stones date from the 18th century,[64] the Mosque was founded in 742[65] Built in 742, but oldest mosque in China is the Beacon Tower mosque of Guangzhou being built in 627.[66]
Believed to be the first mosque on the African continent and the first mosque in the world built by Muhammad and his companions in the 7th century.[67]
Negash Amedin Mesgid
Negash
Ethiopia
620-630
Built in the 7th century in Negash, the mosque in Negash, by tradition burial site of several followers of Mohammad who, during his lifetime, fled to the Aksumite Kingdom to escape persecution in Mecca.
Built in the 7th century in Zeila, shortly after the hijrah; known to be among the oldest mosques.
Korijib Masjid
Tadjoura
Djibouti
630-640
Possibly the oldest mosque in the country.
Mosque of Amr ibn al-As
Cairo
Egypt
641
Named after 'Amr ibn al-'As, commander of the Muslim conquest of Egypt, by order of Caliph Umar. Built as the centre of Fustat (the newly founded capital of Egypt) in 673–642 CE, and rebuilt in 1179 and in 1875.
Opened in October 1983 by the Shi'ite community of Buenos Aires and with the support of the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran to Argentina. It is a very simple building with a subtle Islamic style in its facade.[96]
Built in Iowa in 1934,[citation needed] became the oldest standing mosque in America when the Ross Mosque was torn down in the 1970s. The Ross Mosque was later rebuilt in 2005.
Several sources state that a mosque was founded in 1860 at 2 Glynrhondda Street, Cardiff, Wales. This has been rejected by an academic paper as a transcription error.[104]
Western-Central Europe (excluding the British Isles, Nordic countries, and countries that are also in Eastern Europe)
Building
Image
Location
Country
First built
Denomination
Notes
Grand Mosque of Paris
Paris (first in Metropolitan France)
France
1926
This mosque was the first mosque built in France since the 8th century; it was built in the Moroccan style, and honored Muslim French veterans of World War I.[106]
Erected in 1915 by the Imperial German Army administration for Muslim Allied prisoners of war in the POW camp in Wünsdorf, later used as refugee camp. In 1930 torn down due to lack of a congregation.
Mobarak Mosque
The Hague
Netherlands
1955
The first known purpose-built mosque in the Netherlands.
Centre Islamique de Genève ("Little Mosque" of Geneva)
Geneva
Switzerland
1961
Founded by Said Ramadan
Cologne Central Mosque
Cologne
Germany
2017
Construction began 2009. The largest mosque in Germany.[107]
It was built on the main (Visigothic) church of the city after the site was being divided and shared between Muslims and Christians for around seven decades. The great mosque was built by Abd al-Rahman I, the first Muslim ruler of Spain in 785,[109] it underwent successive extensions in the 9th and 10th centuries and was concluded in the 10th century under the command of Almanzor. After the Christian reconquest of Cordoba in 1236, Ferdinand III of Castile converted the mosque into a cathedral, suffering some alterations that will end up configuring the current Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba. With 23,400 square metres (2.34 ha), it was the second largest mosque in the world on the surface, after Al-Haram Mosque in Mecca, only later replaced in this respect by the Sultan Ahmed Mosque, Istanbul in 1588.
A mosque of the community of Finnish Tatars. It is considered to be the oldest mosque in Nordic countries. Finland's first Muslim cemetery was established in the 1830s for Russian troops.[124]
Founded by the Ahmadiyya; first purpose-built mosque in a Nordic country.
Islamic Cultural Centre Norway
Oslo
Norway
1974
Founded by Pakistani-Norwegians aided by Danish Muslims; of the Sunni Deobandi school. The first Shi'i mosque, Anjuman-e Hussain, opened in 1975; the first Sunni Barelvi mosque opened in 1976.
^According to historian Oleg Grabar, "It is only at a relatively late date that the Muslim holy space in Jerusalem came to be referred to as al-haram al-sharif (literally, the Noble Sacred Precinct or Restricted Enclosure, often translated as the Noble Sanctuary and usually simply referred to as the Haram). While the exact early history of this term is unclear, we know that it only became common in Ottoman times, when administrative order was established over all matters pertaining to the organization of the Muslim faith and the supervision of the holy places, for which the Ottomans took financial and architectural responsibility. Before the Ottomans, the space was usually called al-masjid al-aqsa (the Farthest Mosque), a term now reserved to the covered congregational space on the Haram, or masjid bayt al-maqdis (Mosque of the Holy City) or, even, like Mecca's sanctuary, al-masjid al-ḥarâm,"[17]
^Long, David E. (1979). "2: The Rites of the Hajj". The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah. pp. 11–24. ISBN978-0873953825. With thousands of Hajjis, most of them in motor vehicles, rushing headlong for Muzdalifah, the potential is there for one of ... There is special grace for praying at the roofless mosque in Muzdalifah called al-Mash'ar al-Haram (the Sacred Grove) ...
^Danarto (1989). A Javanese pilgrim in Mecca. p. 27. ISBN978-0867469394. It was still dark when we arrived at Muzdalifah, four miles away. The Koran instructs us to spend the night at al-Mash'ar al-Haram. the Sacred Grove at Muzdalifah, as one of the conditions for the hajj . We scrambled out of the bus and looked ...
^Jones, Lindsay (2005). Encyclopedia of religion. 10. Macmillan Reference USA. p. 7159. ISBN978-0028657431. The Qur'an admonishes: "When you hurry from Arafat, remember God at the Sacred Grove (al-mash' ar al-haram)," that is, at Muzdalifah (2:198). Today a mosque marks the place in Muzdalifah where pilgrims gather to perform the special saldt ...
^Ziauddin Sardar; M. A. Zaki Badawi (1978). Hajj Studies. King Abdul Aziz University. Jeddah: Croom Helm for Hajj Research Centre. p. 32. ISBN978-0856646812. Muzdalifah is an open plain sheltered by parched hills with sparse growth of thorn bushes. The pilgrims spend a night under the open sky of the roofless Mosque, the Sacred Grove, Al Mush'ar al-Haram. On the morning of the tenth, all depart ...
^Roger Wood (1975). An introduction to Saudi Arabian antiquities. Saudi Arabia: Idārat al-Āthār wa-al-Matāḥif. Department of Antiquities and Museums, Ministry of Education, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. p. 151. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
^Magdalino, Paul, et al. "Istanbul: Buildings, Hagia Sophia" in Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. http://www.oxfordartonline.com. accessed 28 February 2010.
^Redford, Scott (1991). "The Alaeddin Mosque in Konya Reconsidered". Artibus Asiae. 51 (1): 54–74. doi:10.2307/3249676. JSTOR3249676.
^ Jump up to: abFlorida, Nancy K. (1995). "5: The Demak Mosque: A Construction of Authority". Babad Jaka Tingkir: Writing the past, inscribing the future: history as prophesy in colonial Java. Durham, N. C.: Duke University Press. ISBN978-0-8223-1622-0.
^Turner, Peter (November 1995). Java. Melbourne: Lonely Planet. pp. 78–79. ISBN0-86442-314-4.
^ Jump up to: abReid, Richard J. (12 January 2012). "The Islamic Frontier in Eastern Africa". A History of Modern Africa: 1800 to the Present. John Wiley and Sons. p. 106. ISBN978-0470658987. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
^Raymond, André (2000). Cairo. Translated by Wood, Willard. Harvard University Press. pp. 141–142.
^Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (2007). Cairo of the Mamluks : a history of the architecture and its culture (null ed.). London: I.B. Tauris. pp. 201–213. ISBN978-1-84511-549-4.
^Terrasse, Henri (1968). La Mosquée al-Qaraouiyin à Fès; avec une étude de Gaston Deverdun sur les inscriptions historiques de la mosquée. Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck.
^ Jump up to: abArabian American Oil Company; Saudi Aramco; Aramco Services (1987). Aramco world. Aramco. p. 67. Retrieved 5 July 2012. - Then, in 1902, Indonesian Muslims from Java arrived to cultivate Suriname's coastal rice fields, and four years later, the country's first mosque was built at Wanica.
^ Jump up to: abDavid Westerlund; Ingvar Svanberg (13 November 1999). Islam Outside the Arab World. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 453–. ISBN978-0-312-22691-6. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
^Westerlund, David; Svanberg, Ingvar (1999). Islam Outside the Arab World. ISBN9780312226916. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
^Gilliat-Ray, Sophie (July 2010). "The first registered mosque in the UK, Cardiff, 1860': the evolution of a myth". Contemporary Islam. 4 (2): 179–193. doi:10.1007/s11562-010-0116-9. ISSN1872-0218. S2CID145759796.
^ Jump up to: abcJorgen S. Nielsen; Samim Akgönül; Ahmet Alibasic (15 October 2009). Yearbook of Muslims in Europe. BRILL. pp. 169–. ISBN978-90-04-17505-1. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
^Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck; Smith, Jane I. (2002). Muslim Minorities in the West. ISBN9780759102187. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
^Antonio Pareja (1999). Mezquita de Bab al Mardum, Cristo de la Luz, Toledo 999-1999. Fundacíon Cultura y Deporte Castilla-La Mancha, Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha.
^Markus Hattstein; Peter Delius (2007). Islam. Arte y arquitectura. Tandem Verlag.
^ Jump up to: abSharr, KBI (March 2007). "Këshilli me xhaminë më të vjetër në rajon". DITURIA ISLAME, Revistë Mujore, Fetare, Kulturore e Shkencore. Nr. 200 (xhamitë nëpër këshillat e Kosovës): 50.