The Heavenly Quran (Arabic : أمّ الکتاب , romanized : umm al-kitāb , lit. 'mother of the Book'[1] ), according to a common Islamic belief, is a primordial version of the Quran.
Quranic verses 43:4 and 13:39 referred to “mother of the book” (umm al-kitab ); verse 85:22 refers to a “well-guarded tablet” (lawh mahfuz ) and 56:78 to a “concealed book” (kitab maknun ). Revelation of the Quran is described as being "sent down" in verse 17:105
"With the truth we (God/Allah) have sent it down and with the truth it has come down".[2]
It is also called kalam allah — the word of God — and to most Muslims is eternal and uncreated[1] attribute of God, as opposed to something written or created by God.
The Quran that resides in heaven is distinct from the earthly Quran .[3] [4] It is disputed whether the revealed Quran is a precise copy of the Heavenly Quran or an abridged version. Commonly, Injil and the Islamic notion of Torah are thought to be part of the Heavenly Quran.[1] [5]
The idea of a holy book or other religious totem being based on an archetype preserved in heaven is not unique to Islam but goes back "thousands of years" to "the early Summerians" according to Alfred Guillaume .[6] [7]
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Category
People and things in the Quran
Non-humans
Allāh ('The God ')
Names of Allah found in the Quran, such as Karīm (Generous)
Animals
Related
The baqarah (cow) of Israelites
The dhiʾb (wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph
The fīl (elephant ) of the Abyssinians
Ḥimār (Domesticated donkey)
The hud-hud (hoopoe ) of Solomon
The kalb (dog) of the sleepers of the cave
The namlah (female ant) of Solomon
The nūn (fish or whale) of Jonah
The nāqat (she-camel) of Saleh
Non-related
ʿAnkabūt (Female spider )
Dābbat al-Arḍ (Beast of the Earth )
Ḥimār (Wild ass )
Naḥl (Honey bee )
Qaswarah ('Lion ', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter')
Malāʾikah (Angels )Archangels
Jibrīl (Gabriel, chief)
Ar-Rūḥ ('The Spirit')
Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn ('The Trustworthy Spirit')
Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus ('The Holy Spirit ')
Angel of the Trumpet (Isrāfīl or Raphael )
Malakul-Mawt (Angel of Death, Azrael)
Mīkāil (Michael)
Jinn (Genies)Shayāṭīn (Demons )
Iblīs ash-Shayṭān (the (chief) Devil )
Mārid ('Rebellious one')
Others
Prophets
Mentioned
Ādam (Adam )
Al-Yasa ʿ (Elisha )
Ayyūb (Job )
Dāwūd (David )
Dhūl-Kifl (Ezekiel?)
Hārūn (Aaron)
Hūd (Eber?)
Idrīs (Enoch ?)
Ilyās (Elijah)
ʿImrān (Joachim the father of Maryam)
Isḥāq (Isaac )
Ismāʿīl (Ishmael )
Lūṭ (Lot )
Ṣāliḥ
Shuʿayb (Jethro, Reuel or Hobab ?)
Sulaymān ibn Dāwūd (Solomon son of David)
ʿUzair (Ezra ?)
Yaḥyā ibn Zakariyyā (John the Baptist the son of Zechariah)
Yaʿqūb (Jacob )
Yūnus (Jonah )
Dhūn-Nūn ('He of the Fish (or Whale )' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)')
Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt ('Companion of the Whale')
Yūsuf ibn Ya‘qūb (Joseph son of Jacob)
Zakariyyā (Zechariah )
Ulul-ʿAzm ('Those of the Perseverance and Strong Will')
Muḥammad
ʿĪsā (Jesus )
Al-Masīḥ (The Messiah )
Ibn Maryam (Son of Mary)
Mūsā Kalīmullāh (Moses He who spoke to God)
Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh (Abraham Friend of God)
Nūḥ (Noah )
Debatable ones
Dhūl-Qarnain
Luqmān
Maryam (Mary )
Ṭālūt (Saul or Gideon ?)
Implied
Irmiyā (Jeremiah)
Ṣamūʾīl (Samuel )
Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn (Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)
People of Prophets
Good ones
Adam's immediate relatives
Believer of Ya-Sin
Family of Noah
Father Lamech
Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos
Luqman's son
People of Abraham
Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo
Ishmael's mother
Isaac's mother
People of Jesus
Disciples (including Peter )
Mary's mother
Zechariah's wife
People of Solomon
Mother
Queen of Sheba
Vizier
Zayd (Muhammad's adopted son)
People of Joseph
Brothers (including Binyāmin (Benjamin) and Simeon )
Egyptians
ʿAzīz (Potiphar , Qatafir or Qittin)
Malik (King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd))
Wife of ʿAzīz (Zulaykhah )
Mother
People of Aaron and Moses
Egyptians
Wise, pious man
Moses' wife
Moses' sister-in-law
Mother
Sister
Evil ones
Āzar (possibly Terah )
Firʿawn (Pharaoh of Moses' time)
Hāmān
Jālūt (Goliath)
Qārūn (Korah, cousin of Moses)
As-Sāmirī
Abū Lahab
Slayers of Saleh's she-camel (Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)
Implied or not specified
Abraha
Abu Bakr
Bal'am/Balaam
Barṣīṣā
Caleb or Kaleb the companion of Joshua
Luqman's son
Nebuchadnezzar II
Nimrod
Rahmah the wife of Ayyub
Shaddad
Groups
Mentioned Tribes, ethnicities or families
‘Ajam
Ar-Rūm (literally 'The Romans')
Banī Isrāʾīl (Children of Israel)
Muʾtafikāt (Sodom and Gomorrah)
People of Ibrahim
People of Ilyas
People of Nuh
People of Shuaib
Ahl Madyan People of Madyan )
Aṣḥāb al-Aykah ('Companions of the Wood')
Qawm Yūnus (People of Jonah)
Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog
People of Fir'aun
Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)
Aṣḥāb Muḥammad (Companions of Muhammad )
Anṣār (literally 'Helpers')
Muhajirun (Emigrants from Mecca to Medina)
People of Mecca
Children of Ayyub
Sons of Adam
Wife of Nuh
Wife of Lut
Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj (Gog and Magog)
Son of Nuh
Aʿrāb (Arabs or Bedouins )Ahl al-Bayt ('People of the Household')
Household of Abraham
Household of Moses
Household of Muhammad
Household of Salih
Implicitly mentioned
Amalek
Ahl as-Suffa (People of the Verandah)
Banu Nadir
Banu Qaynuqa
Banu Qurayza
Iranian people
Umayyad Dynasty
Aus and Khazraj
People of Quba
Religious groups
Ahl al-Dhimmah
Kāfirūn
Majūs Zoroastrians
Munāfiqūn (Hypocrites )
Muslims
Ahl al-Kitāb (People of the Book )
Naṣārā (Christian (s) or People of the Injil)
Ruhban (Christian monks)
Qissis (Christian priest)
Yahūd (Jews )
Sabians
Polytheists
Meccan polytheists at the time of Muhammad
Mesopotamian polytheists at the time of Abraham and Lot
Locations
Mentioned
Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah ('The Holy Land')
Al-Jannah (Paradise , literally 'The Garden')
Jahannam (Hell )
Door of Hittah
Madyan (Midian )
Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn
Miṣr (Mainland Egypt )
Salsabīl (A river in Paradise)
In the Arabian Peninsula (excluding Madyan)
Al-Aḥqāf ('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills')
Iram dhāt al-ʿImād (Iram of the Pillars )
Al-Madīnah (formerly Yathrib )
ʿArafāt and Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām
Al-Ḥijr (Hegra)
Badr
Ḥunayn
Makkah (Mecca )
Sabaʾ (Sheba )
Rass
Sinai Region or Tīh Desert
Al-Wād Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan (The Holy Valley of Tuwa )
Al-Wādil-Ayman (The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and Mount Sinai )
Mount Sinai or Mount Tabor
In Mesopotamia
Al-Jūdiyy
Bābil (Babylon )
Qaryat Yūnus ('Township of Jonah ,' that is Nineveh )
Religious locations
Bayʿa (Church)
Miḥrāb
Monastery
Masjid (Mosque , literally 'Place of Prostration ')
Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām ('The Sacred Grove')
Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā (Al-Aqsa Mosque , literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration')
Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām (The Sacred Mosque of Mecca)
Masjid al-Dirar
A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly:
Masjid Qubāʾ (Quba Mosque )
The Prophet's Mosque
Salat (Synagogue)
Implied
Antioch
Arabia
Al-Ḥijāz (literally 'The Barrier')
Ayla
Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn
Bayt al-Muqaddas & 'Ariha
Bilād ar-Rāfidayn (Mesopotamia)
Canaan
Cave of Seven Sleepers
Dār an-Nadwa
Jordan River
Nile River
Palestine River
Paradise of Shaddad
Events, incidents, occasions or times
Battles or military expeditions Days
Al-Jumuʿah (The Friday)
As-Sabt (The Sabbath or Saturday)
Days of battles
Days of Hajj
Doomsday
Months of theIslamic calendar
12 months: Four holy months
Pilgrimages
Al-Ḥajj (literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage)
Al-ʿUmrah (The Lesser Pilgrimage)
Times for prayer or remembrance Times for
Duʿāʾ ('
Invocation '),
Ṣalāh and
Dhikr ('Remembrance', including
Taḥmīd ('Praising'),
Takbīr and
Tasbīḥ ):
Al-ʿAshiyy (The Afternoon or the Night)
Al-Ghuduww ('The Mornings')
Al-Bukrah ('The Morning')
Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ ('The Morning')
Al-Layl ('The Night')
Aẓ-Ẓuhr ('The Noon')
Dulūk ash-Shams ('Decline of the Sun')
Al-Masāʾ ('The Evening')
Qabl al-Ghurūb ('Before the Setting (of the Sun)')
Al-Aṣīl ('The Afternoon')
Al-ʿAṣr ('The Afternoon')
Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams ('Before the rising of the Sun')
Implied
Other
Holy books
Al-Injīl (The Gospel of Jesus)
Al-Qurʾān (The Book of Muhammad)
Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm (Scroll(s) of Abraham)
At-Tawrāt (The Torah )
Az-Zabūr (The Psalms of David)
Umm al-Kitāb ('Mother of the Book(s)')
Objects of people or beings Mentioned idols (cult images) Of Israelites
Baʿal
The ʿijl (golden calf statue) of Israelites
Of Noah's people Of Quraysh
Celestial bodies Maṣābīḥ (literally 'lamps'):
Al-Qamar (The Moon)
Kawākib (Planets)
Nujūm (Stars)
Plant matter
Baṣal (Onion)
Fūm (Garlic or wheat)
Shaṭʾ (Shoot)
Sūq (Plant stem)
Zarʿ (Seed)
Fruits
ʿAdas (Lentil )
Baql (Herb)
Ḥabb dhul-ʿaṣf (Corn of the husk)
Qith-thāʾ (Cucumber)
Rummān (Pomegranate )
Tīn (Fig)
Ukul khamṭ (Bitter fruit or food of Sheba)
Zaytūn (Olive)
In Paradise
Bushes, trees or plants
Plants of Sheba
Athl (Tamarisk )
Sidr (Lote-tree )
Līnah (Tender Palm tree )
Nakhl (Date palm )
Rayḥān (Scented plant)
Sidrat al-Muntahā
Zaqqūm
Liquids
Māʾ (Water or fluid)
Nahr (River)
Yamm (River or sea)
Sharāb (Drink)
Note: Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)