List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran

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List of things mentioned in the Quran. This list makes use of ISO 233 for the Romanization of Arabic words.[1]

Supernatural[]

  • Allāh (" God")[2][3]
    • Names and attributes of Allah found in the Quran

Angels[]

Malāʾikah (مَلَائِكَة, Angels):

Archangels[]

Archangels:

  • Jibrīl[3][7] (Gabriel, chief)
    • Ar-Rūḥ (Arabic: ٱلرُّوْح, lit. 'The Spirit'),[3]
      • Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn (Arabic: ٱلرُّوْح الْأَمِيْن, The Trustworthy Spirit)[8]
      • Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus (Arabic: ٱلرُّوْح ٱلْقُدُس, The Holy Spirit)[3][9]
  • Angel of the Trumpet[10] (Isrāfīl[11] or Raphael)[12]
    • Malakul-Mawt (Arabic: مَلَكُ ٱلْمَوْت, Angel of Death, Azrael)
  • Mika'il[3] (Michael)

Jinn[]

Jinn:

Devils[]

Shayāṭīn (Arabic: شَيَاطِيْن, Demons or Devils):

  • Iblīs ash-Shayṭān (the (chief) Devil)[15] (11 times)
  • Mārid ("Rebellious one")

Others[]

  • Ghilmān or Wildān[16][17] - perpetually youthful attendants (male and female)
  • Ḥūr[a][21] - pure companions (male and female) with beautiful eyes

Animals[]

See also: Animals in Islam

Related[]

  • The cow of Israelites (baqarah) [3]
  • The dhiʾb[22] (wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph[23]
  • The fīl[24] (elephant) of the Abyssinians)
  • Ḥimār (Arabic: حِمَار, domesticated donkey)[b]
  • The hud-hud (hoopoe) of Solomon (27:20–28)[13]
  • The kalb (Arabic: كَلْب, dog) of the sleepers of the cave (18:18–22)[15]
  • The namlah (female ant) of Solomon (27:18–19)[13]
  • The nāqat[26][27][8][28][29][30] (she-camel) of Saleh
  • The nūn (Arabic: نُوْن,[31] fish or whale) of Jonah

Non-related[]

  • ʿAnkabūt (Arabic: عَنْكَبُوْت,[32] Female spider)
  • Dābbat al-Arḍ (Arabic: دَابَّة الْأَرْض, Beast of the Earth) (27:28)[13]
  • Ḥimār (Arabic: حِمَار, Wild ass)[25]
  • Naḥl (Arabic: نَحْل,[9] Honey bee)
  • Qaswarah ('Lion', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter')[25]

Prophets[]

Prophets (Arabic: أَنۢبِيَاء, anbiyāʾ) [c] were of two types:

  • Messengers (رُسُل, rusul) [d]
  • Prophets who were not Messengers of God [35]

Mentioned[]

ʾUlu al-ʿAzm[]

"Those of the Perseverance and Strong Will" (Arabic: أُولُو ٱلْعَزْم, romanized: ʾUlu al-ʿAzm)[h] in reverse chronological order:

Debatable ones[]

Implicitly mentioned[]

  • Irmiyā (Arabic: إِرْمِيَا, Jeremiah)
  • Ṣamūʾīl (Arabic: صَمُوْئِيْل,[3] Samuel)
  • Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn (Arabic: يُوْشَع ابْن نُوْن, Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)
  • Shamʿūn (Arabic: شَمْعُون ٱبْن حَمُّون, Peter, apostle of Jesus Christ ('Isa ibn Maryam)

Contemporaries, relatives or followers of Prophets[]

Aʿdāʾ (Arabic: أَعْدَاء, Enemies or foes), aṣḥāb (Arabic: أَصْحَاب, companions or friends), qurbā (Arabic: قُرْبَى, kin), or followers[j] of Prophets:

Good ones[]

  • Adam's immediate relatives[k]
  • Believer of Ya-Sin[57]
  • Family of Noah
    • Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos[58]
  • People of Aaron and Moses[43][59]
    • Egyptians
      • Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura)
      • Imraʾat Firʿawn (Arabic: امْرَأَت فِرْعَوْن, Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim (Arabic: آسِيَا بِنْت مُزَاحِم) or Wife of Pharaoh, who adopted Moses)
      • Magicians of the Pharaoh
    • Wise, pious man[15]
    • Moses' wife
    • Moses' sister-in-law
    • Mother
    • Sister
  • People of Abraham
    • Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo
    • Ishmael's mother
    • Isaac's mother
  • People of Jesus
    • Disciples (including Peter)
    • Mary's mother
    • Zechariah's wife
  • People of Joseph[22]
    • Brothers (including Binyāmin (Benjamin)[60] and Simeon)[61]
    • Egyptians
      • ʿAzīz (Arabic: عَزيْز, "Mighty One," that is Potiphar,[62] Qatafir or Qittin)[63]
      • Malik (Arabic: مَلِك, King, that is Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd (Arabic: ٱلرَّيَّان ابْن ٱلْوَلِيْد))[64][65]
      • Wife of ʿAzīz (Zulaykhah[66]
    • Mother
  • People of Solomon[13]
    • Mother
    • Queen of Sheba
    • Vizier
  • Zayd, Muhammad's adopted son[33]

Evil ones[]

Implicitly or non-specifically mentioned[]

  • ʿImrān (Amram the father Mary)[73]
  • Abraha
  • Bal'am or Balaam
  • Barṣīṣā
  • Caleb or Kaleb the companion of Joshua
  • Luqman's son
  • Nebuchadnezzar II
  • Nimrod
  • Rahmah the wife of Ayyub
  • Shaddad

Groups[]

Mentioned[]

  • Aṣḥāb al-Jannah (Arabic: أَصْحَاب ٱلْجَنَّة)
    • People of Paradise
    • People of the Burnt Garden
  • Aṣḥāb as-Sabt (Arabic: أَصْحَاب ٱلسَّبْت,[74] Companions of the Sabbath)
  • Christian apostles
  • Companions of Noah's Ark
  • Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm (Arabic: أَصْحَاب ٱلْكَهْف وَٱلرَّقِيْم, Companions of the Cave and Al-Raqaim? or Petra?[75] (18:9–22)[15]
  • Companions of the Elephant[24]
  • People of al-Ukhdūd
  • People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin[57]
  • People of Yathrib[33] or Medina[69][76]
  • Qawm Lūṭ (Arabic: قَوْم لُوْط, Folk of Lot, the people of Sodom and Gomorrah)[8]
  • Nation of Noah

Tribes, ethnicities or families[]

Implicitly mentioned[]

Religious groups[]

  • Ahl al-Dhimmah
  • Kāfirūn (Arabic: كَافِرُوْن, Disbelievers)
  • Majūs (Arabic: مَجُوْس, Zoroastrians)
  • Munāfiqūn (Arabic: مُنَافِقُوْن, Hypocrites)
  • Muslims[o]
    • Believers[p]
    • Righteous ones[q]
  • Ahl al-Kitāb (People of the Book)
    • Naṣārā (Arabic: نَصَارَی, Christian(s)) or People of the Injil)
      • Ruhban (Christian monks)
      • Qissis (Christian priest)
    • Yahūd (Jews)
    • Sabians
  • Polytheists[r]
    • Meccan polytheists at the time of Muhammad
    • Mesopotamian polytheists at the time of Abraham and Lot[38][82]

Locations[]

Mentioned[]

  • Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah[83] ("The Holy Land")
  • In the Arabian Peninsula[33][50] (excluding Madyan):
  • Al-Jannah[3] (Paradise, literally "The Garden")
  • Jahannam (Hell)
  • In Mesopotamia:
  • Door of Hittah
  • Madyan (Midian)
  • Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn (Arabic: مَجْمَع ٱلْبَحْرَيْن)
  • Miṣr[s] (Mainland Egypt)
  • Salsabīl[92] (A river in Paradise)
  • Sinai Region or Tīh Desert
    • Al-Wād Al-Muqaddasi Ṭuwan (Arabic: ٱلْوَاد ٱلْمُقَـدَّس طُوًى,[55][70] The Holy Valley of Tuwa)[93][94]
      • Al-Wādil-Ayman (Arabic: ٱلْوَادِ ٱلْأَیْمَن,[59] The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and Mount Sinai)
    • Mount Sinai or Mount Tabor[59]
      • Al-Jabal (Arabic: ٱلْجَبَل,[26] "The Mount")
      • Aṭ-Ṭūr (Arabic: ٱلطُّوْر,[3] "The Mount")
      • Ṭūr Sīnāʾ (Arabic: طُوْر سِيْنَاء)[55]
      • Ṭūr Sīnīn (Arabic: طُوْر سِيْنِيْن)[84]

Religious locations[]

  • Bayʿa (Church)
  • Miḥrāb
  • Monastery
  • Masjid (Mosque, literally "Place of Prostration")
  • Salat (Synagogue)

Implicitly mentioned[]

  • Antioch
    • Antakya
  • Arabia[33][50]
    • Al-Ḥijāz (literally "The Barrier")[99]
  • Ayla
  • Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn
  • Bayt al-Muqaddas & 'Ariha
  • Bilād ar-Rāfidayn[3][88][43] (Mesopotamia)[90][91]
  • Canaan
  • Cave of the Seven Sleepers
  • Dār an-Nadwa
  • Jordan River
  • Nile River
  • Palestine River
  • Paradise of Shaddad

Plant matter[]

Ajwa (عجوة) is a soft dry variety of date fruit from Saudi Arabia

  • Baṣal (Arabic: بَصَل, Onion) (2:61)[3]
  • Fūm (Arabic: فُوْم, Garlic]] or wheat) (2:61)[3]
  • Shaṭʾ (Arabic: شَطْء, Shoot) (48:29)[50]
  • Sūq (Arabic: سُوْق, Plant stem) (48:29)[50]
  • Zarʿ (Arabic: زَرْع, Seed)[t]

Fruits[]

Ajwa (عجوة) is a soft dry variety of date fruit from Saudi Arabia

Fawākih (Arabic: فَوَاكِه)[u] or Thamarāt (Arabic: ثَمَرَات):[100][v]

  • ʿAnib (Arabic: عَنِب, Grape) (17:91)[44][w]
  • Ḥabb dhul-ʿaṣf (Arabic: حَبّ ذُو ٱلْعَصْف,[20] Corn of the husk)
  • Qith-thāʾ (Arabic: قِثَّاء, Cucumber) (2:61)[3]
  • Rummān (Arabic: رُمَّان,[20] Pomegranate)
  • Tīn (Arabic: تِيْن,[84] Fig)
  • Ukul khamṭ (Arabic: أُكُل خَمْط,[78] Bitter fruit or food of Sheba)
  • Zaytūn (Arabic: زَيْتُوْن,[84] Olive)
  • In Paradise[19]
    • Forbidden fruit of Adam[3]

Plants[]

Shajar (Arabic: شَجَر,[20] Bushes, trees or plants):[x]

  • ʿAdas (Arabic: عَدَس, Lentil) (2:61)[3]
  • Baql (Arabic: بَقْل, Herb) (2:61)[3]
  • Plants of Sheba[78]
    • Athl (Arabic: أَثْل, Tamarisk)
    • Sidr (Arabic: سِدْر, Lote-tree)
  • Līnah (Arabic: لِيْنَة, Tender Palm tree)[101]
  • Nakhl (Arabic: نَخْل,[20] Date palm)
  • Rayḥān (Arabic: رَيْحَان,[20] Rosemary, Scented plant)
  • Sidrat al-Muntahā (Arabic: سِدْرَة ٱلْمُنْتَهَى)[102]
  • Zaqqūm (Arabic: زَقُّوْم, A tree in Hell)

Holy books[]

Islamic holy books:

Objects of people or beings[]

Mentioned idols (cult images)[]

Of Israelites[]

  • Baʿal
  • The ʿijl (golden calf statue) of Israelites

Of Noah's people[]

Of Quraysh[]

Celestial bodies[]

Maṣābīḥ (Arabic: مَصَابِيْح,[104][105] literally 'lamps'):

  • Al-Qamar (Arabic: ٱلْقَمَر,[22][28] The Moon)
  • Kawākib (Arabic: كَوَاكِب,[106][107] Planets)[y]
    • Al-Arḍ (Arabic: ٱلْأَرْض,[3] The Earth)
  • Nujūm (Arabic: نُجُوْم,[22] Stars)[z]
    • Ash-Shams (Arabic: ٱلشَّمْس,[22] The Sun)
    • Ash-Shiʿrā (Arabic: ٱلشِّعْرَى,[108] Sirius)

Liquids[]

  • Māʾ (Arabic: مَاء,[3] Water or fluid)
    • Nahr (Arabic: نَهْر,[aa] River)
    • Yamm (Arabic: يَمّ,[55] River or sea)
  • Sharāb (Arabic: شَرَاب,[3] Drink)

Events, incidents, occasions or times[]

  • Incident of Ifk
  • Laylat al-Qadr[109] (Night of the Power or Decree)
    • Laylatinm-Mubārakatin (Arabic: لَيْلَةٍ مُّبَارَكَةٍ, lit. 'Blessed Night') (44:3)[18]
  • Mubahalah
  • Sayl al-ʿArim (Flood of the Great Dam of Ma'rib in Sheba)[78]
  • The Farewell Pilgrimage (Hujjal-Wadaʿ)
  • Treaty of Hudaybiyyah

Battles or military expeditions[]

Days[]

  • Al-Jumuʿah[110] (The Friday)
  • As-Sabt[3][74] (The Sabbath or Saturday)
  • Days of battles or military expeditions (see the above section)
  • Days of Hajj
    • Ayyāminm-Maʿdūdatin (Arabic: أَيَّامٍ مَّعْدُوْدَاتٍ, lit. 'Appointed Days') (2:203)[3]
    • Yawm al-Ḥajj al-Akbar (Arabic: يَوْم ٱلْحَجّ ٱلْأَكْبَر, lit. 'Day of the Greatest Pilgrimage') (9:2)[69]
  • Doomsday

Months of the Islamic calendar[]

12 months:

  • Four holy months (2:189–217; 9:1–36)[ab]
    • Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām (Arabic: ٱلشَّهْر ٱلْحَرَام, The Sacred or Forbidden Month) (2:194–217;[3] 5:97)[83]
    • Ramaḍān (Arabic: رَمَضَان) (2:183–187)[3]

Pilgrimages[]

  • Al-Ḥajj (The Greater Pilgrimage)
    • Ḥajj al-Bayt (Arabic: حَجّ ٱلْبَيْت, "Pilgrimage of the House") (2:158)[3]
    • Ḥijj al-Bayt (Arabic: حِجّ ٱلْبَيْت, "Pilgrimage of the House") (3:97)[42]
  • Al-ʿUmrah (The Lesser Pilgrimage) (2:158–196)[3]

Times for Prayer or Remembrance[]

Times for Duʿāʾ ('Invocation'), Ṣalāh and Dhikr ('Remembrance', including Taḥmīd ('Praising'),[111][112] Takbīr and Tasbīḥ):

  • Al-ʿAshiyy (Arabic: ٱلْعَشِيّ, The Afternoon or the Night) (30:17–18)[113]
  • Al-Ghuduww (Arabic: ٱلْغُدُوّ, lit. 'The Mornings') (7:205–206)[26]
    • Al-Bukrah (Arabic: ٱلْبُكْرَة, lit. 'The Morning') (48:9)[50]
    • Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ (Arabic: ٱلصَّبَاح, lit. 'The Morning') (30:17–18)[113]
  • Al-Layl (Arabic: ٱللَّيْل, lit. 'The Night') (17:78–81;[44] 50:39–40)[14]
  • Aẓ-Ẓuhr (Arabic: ٱلظُّهْر, lit. 'The Noon') (30:17–18)[113]
    • Aẓ-Ẓahīrah (Arabic: ٱلظَّهِيْرَة) (24:58)[114]
  • Dulūk ash-Shams (Arabic: دُلُوْك ٱلشَّمْس, lit. 'Decline of the Sun') (17:78–81)[44]
    • Al-Masāʾ (Arabic: ٱلْمَسَاء, lit. 'The Evening') (30:17–18)[113]
    • Qabl al-Ghurūb (Arabic: قَبْل ٱلْغُرُوْب, lit. 'Before the Setting (of the Sun)') (50:39–40)[14]
      • Al-Aṣīl (Arabic: ٱلْأٓصِيْل, lit. 'The Afternoon') (33:42;[33] 48:9;[50] 76:25–26)[17][ac]
      • Al-ʿAṣr (Arabic: ٱلْعَصْر, lit. 'The Afternoon') (103:1–3)[115]
  • Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams (Arabic: قَبْل طُلُوْع ٱلشَّمْس, lit. 'Before the rising of the Sun') (50:39–40)[14]

Implied[]

Others[]

  • Bayt (Arabic: بًيْت, Home or House)
    • Al-Bayt al-Maʿmūr (Arabic: ٱلْبَيْت ٱلْمَعْمُوْر)
  • Ḥunafāʾ (Arabic: حُنَفَاء)
  • Ṭāhā (Arabic: طـٰهٰ)
  • Ṭayyibah (Arabic: طَيِّبَة)
  • Zīnah (Arabic: زِيْنَة), Adornment, beauty, beautiful thing or splendour)

See also[]

Notelist[]

  1. ^ 44:54;[18] 52:20;[19] 55:72;[20] 56:22.[16]
  2. ^ Plural: ḥumur (Arabic: حُمُر).[25]
  3. ^ Pronounced "Ambiyāʾ," due to Nūn (ن) preceding Ba (ب). It is also written as Nabiyyīn (نَبِيِّيْن)[33] and Nabiyyūn (نَبِيُّوْن).
    • Singular: Nabiyy نَبِيّ
  4. ^ Also Mursalīn (مُرْسَلِيْن) or Mursalūn (مُرْسَلُوْن).
    • Singular: Mursal (مُرْسَل) or Rasūl (رَسُوْل).[34]
  5. ^ 4:163;[31] 6:84;[37] 21:83;[38] 38:41.[36]
  6. ^ 7:73 – 79;[26] 11:61 – 68;[27] 26:141 – 158;[8] 54:23 – 31;[28] 89:6 – 13;[29] 91:11 – 15.[30]
  7. ^ 4:163;[31] 6:86;[37] 10:98;[43] 37:139.
  8. ^ 2:253;[3] 17:55;[44] 33:7;[33] 42:13;[45] 46:35.[46]
  9. ^ 3:144;[42] 33:09;[33] 47:02;[47] 48:22.[48]
  10. ^ Tabiʿīn (Arabic: تَابِعِيْن) or Tabiʿūn (Arabic: تَابِعُوْن).
  11. ^ Treating all humans as his relatives.
  12. ^ 9:114;[69] 43:26;[4] 19:41 – 42.[39]
  13. ^ 28:6 – 38;[59] 29:39; 40:24 – 36.
  14. ^ 28:76 – 79;[59] 29:39; 40:24.
  15. ^ Forms:
    • Masculine: Muslimīn (Arabic: مُسْلِمِيْن) or Muslimūn (Arabic: مُسْلِمُوْن),
    • Feminine: Muslimāt (Arabic: مُسْلِمَات),
    • Singular: masculine: Muslim (Arabic: مُسْلِم), feminine: Muslimah (Arabic: مُسْلِمَة).
  16. ^ Forms:
    • Masculine: Muʾminīn (Arabic: مُؤْمِنِيْن) or Muʾminūn (Arabic: مُؤْمِنُوْن),
    • Feminine: Muʾmināt (Arabic: مُؤْمِنَات),
    • Singular: masculine: Mu’min (Arabic: مُؤْمِن), feminine: Muʾminah (Arabic: مُؤْمِنَة).
  17. ^ Forms:
    • Masculine: Ṣāliḥīn (Arabic: صَالِحِيْن) or Ṣāliḥūn (Arabic: صَالِحُوْن),
    • Feminine: Ṣāliḥāt (Arabic: صَالِحَات),
    • Singular: masculine: Ṣāliḥ (Arabic: صَالِح), feminine: Ṣāliḥah (Arabic: صَالِحَة).
  18. ^ Forms:
    • Masculine: Mushrikīn (Arabic: مُشْرِكِيْن) or Mushrikūn (Arabic: مُشْرِكُوْن), literally "Those who associate",
    • Feminine: Mushrikāt (Arabic: مُشْرِكَات), literally "Females who associate",
    • Singular: masculine: Mushrik (Arabic: مُشْرِك), literally "He who associates," feminine: Mushrikah (Arabic: مُشْرِكَة), literally "She who associates".
  19. ^ 2:61;[3] 10:87;[43] 12:21 – 99;[22] 43:51.[4]
  20. ^ Plural: Zurrā‘ (Arabic: زَرَّاع (48:29))[50]
  21. ^ Singular: fākihah (Arabic: فَاكِهَة).[19][20]
  22. ^ Singular: thamarah (Arabic: ثَمَرَة).
  23. ^ Plural Aʿnāb (Arabic: أَعْنَاب): 2:266.[3]
  24. ^ Singular: shajarah (Arabic: شَجَرَة).[3]
  25. ^ Singular: Kawkab (Arabic: كَوْكَب.[22]
  26. ^ Singular: Najm (Arabic: ٱلنَّجْم).[102]
  27. ^ 2:249;[3] 18:33;[15] 54:54.[28]
  28. ^ Forms:
    • Al-Ash-hur Al-Ḥurum (Arabic: ٱلْأَشْهُر ٱلْحُرُم, The Sacred or Forbidden Months) (9:5)[69]
    • Arbaʿah ḥurum (Arabic: أَرْبَعَة حُرُم, Four (months which are) Sacred) (9:36)[69]
    • Ash-hur maʿlūmāt (Arabic: أَشْهُر مَعْلُوْمَات, Months (which are) well-known (for the Hajj)) (2:197)[3]
  29. ^ Al-Āṣāl (Arabic: ٱلْأٓصَال, lit. 'the Afternoons') (7:205–206).[26]

References[]

Individual[]

  1. ^ "Transliteration of Arabic" (PDF), EKI, 2008-02-25, retrieved 2018-05-27
  2. ^ Quran 1:1–4
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as Quran 2:7–286
  4. ^ a b c d e Quran 43:1–77
  5. ^ Quran 96:9–19
  6. ^ Quran 82:10–12
  7. ^ Quran 66:4 (Translated by Yusuf Ali)
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  9. ^ a b Quran 16:68–69
  10. ^ a b Quran 39:65–75
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  14. ^ a b c d e f Quran 50:12–40
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  16. ^ a b Quran 56:17–22
  17. ^ a b Quran 76:19–31
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  22. ^ a b c d e f g h Quran 12:4–102
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  27. ^ a b c d e f Quran 11:61–68
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  29. ^ a b c d e Quran 89:6–13
  30. ^ a b c d e Quran 91:11–15
  31. ^ a b c Quran 4:163 (Translated by Yusuf Ali)
  32. ^ a b Quran 29:41–67
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Quran 33:09–73
  34. ^ a b c Quran 61:6 (Translated by Yusuf Ali)
  35. ^ a b c d Quran 22:25–52
  36. ^ a b c d Quran 38:13–48
  37. ^ a b c d Quran 6:74–92
  38. ^ a b c d e f Quran 21:51–83
  39. ^ a b Quran 19:41–56
  40. ^ Quran 6:85 (Translated by Yusuf Ali)
  41. ^ Quran 37:123 (Translated by Yusuf Ali)
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Quran 3:2–200
  43. ^ a b c d e f g Quran 10:3–101
  44. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Quran 17:1–110
  45. ^ a b Quran 42:5–13
  46. ^ a b Quran 46:21–35
  47. ^ Quran 47:02 (Translated by Yusuf Ali)
  48. ^ a b Quran 48:22–29
  49. ^ Guthrie, A.; Bishop, E. F. F. (October 1951), The Paraclete, Almunhamanna and Ahmad, XLI, Muslim World, pp. 254–255
  50. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Quran 48:1–29
  51. ^ a b Parrinder, Geoffrey (1965). Jesus in the Quran. London: Oxford Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1-8516-8999-6.
  52. ^ Schumann, Olaf H. (2002). Jesus the Messiah in Muslim Thought. Delhi: ISPCK/HIM. p. 13. ISBN 978-8172145224.
  53. ^ Little, John T. (3 April 2007). "Al-Ins?N Al-K?Mil: The Perfect Man According to Ibn Al-'Arab?". The Muslim World. 77 (1): 43–54. doi:10.1111/j.1478-1913.1987.tb02785.x. Ibn al-'Arabi uses no less than twenty-two different terms to describe the various aspects under which this single Logos may be viewed.
  54. ^ a b McDowell, Jim, Josh; Walker, Jim (2002). Understanding Islam and Christianity: Beliefs That Separate Us and How to Talk About Them. Eugene, Oregon: Harvest House Publishers. ISBN 9780736949910.
  55. ^ a b c d Quran 20:9–99
  56. ^ Leaman, Oliver, The Quran, An Encyclopedia, 2006, p.638.
  57. ^ a b Quran 36:1–81
  58. ^ Williams, J. (1993–2011). "The Book Of Jubilees". Wesley Center Online. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
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  60. ^ Vajda, G.; Wensick, A. J. Binyamin. I. Encyclopaedia of Islam.
  61. ^ Testament of Simeon 4
  62. ^ Book of Genesis, 39:1
  63. ^ al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir (Translated by William Brinner) (1987). The History of al-Tabari Vol. 2: Prophets and Patriarchs. SUNY. p. 153.
  64. ^ "Quran Tafsir Ibn Kathir". Qtafsir.com. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
  65. ^ Imani, A. A. A-H. S. K. F.; Sadr-Ameli, S. A. (2014-10-07). An Enlightening Commentary Into the Light of the Holy Qur'an: From Surah Yunus (10) to Surah Yusuf (12). 7. Lulu Press Inc. p. 35. ISBN 9781312523258.
  66. ^ Bruijn (2013). "Yūsuf and Zulayk̲h̲ā". Encyclopedia of Islam; Second Edition: 1.
  67. ^ Stories of the Prophets, Ibn Kathir, Abraham and his father
  68. ^ Book of Joshua, Chapter 24, Verse 2
  69. ^ a b c d e f g h i Quran 9:1–129
  70. ^ a b Quran 79:15–26
  71. ^ a b Quran 111:1–5
  72. ^ Ibn Hisham note 97. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad p. 707. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  73. ^ Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2013-05-21). The Qur'an and Its Interpreters: Volume 2: Surah 3. Islamic Book Trust. p. 93. ISBN 978-967-5062-91-9.
  74. ^ a b Quran 4:47 (Translated by Yusuf Ali)
  75. ^ Shaddel, Mehdy (2017-10-01). "Studia Onomastica Coranica: AL-Raqīm, Caput Nabataeae*". Journal of Semitic Studies. 62 (2): 303–318.
  76. ^ a b Quran 63:1–11
  77. ^ Brannon M. Wheeler (2002). Prophets in the Quran: An Introduction to the Quran and Muslim Exegesis. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-8264-4956-6.
  78. ^ a b c d e f Quran 34:10–18
  79. ^ a b Quran 106:1–4
  80. ^ a b c Quran 15:78–84
  81. ^ a b Quran 11:69–83
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  84. ^ a b c d Quran 95:1–8
  85. ^ Quran 6:92 (Translated by Yusuf Ali)
  86. ^ "Saba / Sa'abia / Sheba". The History Files (http://www.historyfiles.co.uk). Retrieved 2008-06-27. The kingdom of Saba is known to have existed in the region of Yemen. By 1000 BC caravan trains of camels journeyed from Oman in south-east Arabia to the Mediterranean. As the camel drivers passed through the deserts of Yemen, experts believe that many of them would have called in at Marib. Dating from at least 1050 BC, and now barren and dry, Marib was then a lush oasis teeming with palm trees and exotic plants. Ideally placed, it was situated on the trade routes and with a unique dam of vast proportions. It was also one of only two main sources of frankincense (the other being East Africa), so Saba had a virtual monopoly. Marib's wealth accumulated to such an extent that the city became a byword for riches beyond belief throughout the Arab world. Its people, the Sabeans - a group whose name bears the same etymological root as Saba - lived in South Arabia between the tenth and sixth centuries BC. Their main temple - Mahram Bilqis, or temple of the moon god (situated about three miles (5 km) from the capital city of Marib) - was so famous that it remained sacred even after the collapse of the Sabean civilisation in the sixth century BC - caused by the rerouting of the spice trail. By that point the dam, now in a poor state of repair, was finally breached. The irrigation system was lost, the people abandoned the site within a year or so, and the temple fell into disrepair and was eventually covered by sand. Saba was known by the Hebrews as Sheba [Note that the collapse of the dam was actually in 575 CE, as shown in the timeline in the same article in the History Files, and attested by MacCulloch (2009)].
  87. ^ Robert D. Burrowes (2010). Historical Dictionary of Yemen. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 234–319. ISBN 978-0810855281.
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  89. ^ Quran 23:23–30
  90. ^ a b Summarized from the book of story of Muhammad by Ibn Hisham Volume 1 pg.419–421
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  96. ^ Danarto (1989). A Javanese pilgrim in Mecca. p. 27. ISBN 978-0867469394. It was still dark when we arrived at Muzdalifah, four miles away. The Koran instructs us to spend the night at al-Mash'ar al-Haram. the Sacred Grove at Muzdalifah, as one of the conditions for the hajj . We scrambled out of the bus and looked ...
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Grouped[]

  1. ^ 2:87, 2:136, 2:253, 3:45, 3:52, 3:55, 3:59, 3:84, 4:157, 4:163, 4:171, 5:46, 5:78, 5:110, 5:112, 5:114, 5:116, 6:85, 19:34, 33:7, 42:13, 43:63, 57:27, 61:6, 61:14
  2. ^ 3:45, 4:171, 4:172, 5:17, 5:72(2), 5:75, 9:30, 9:31
  3. ^ 2:87, 2:253, 3:45, 4:157, 4:171, 5:17, 5:46, 5:72, 5:75, 5:78, 5:110, 5:112, 5:114, 5:116, 9:31, 19:34, 23:50, 33:7, 43:57, 57:27, 61:6, 61:14
  4. ^ 19:19, 19:20, 19:21, 19:29, 19:35, 19:88, 19:91, 19:92, 21:91
  5. ^ 3:39, 3:45, 3:48, 4:171, 5:46, 5:110
  6. ^ 3:49, 4:157, 4:171, 19:30, 61:6
  7. ^ 19:21, 21:91, 23:50, 43:61
  8. ^ 19:19
  9. ^ 19:21
  10. ^ 19:30
  11. ^ 19:31
  12. ^ 19:34
  13. ^ 19:27
  14. ^ 43:57
  15. ^ 43:61
  16. ^ 4:159
  17. ^ 3:45
  18. ^ 2:87, 2:253, 3:46(2), 3:48, 3:52, 3:55(4), 4:157(3), 4.159(3), 5:110(11), 5:46(3), 5:75(2), 19:21, 19:22(2), 19:27(2), 19:29, 23:50, 43:58(2), 43:59(3), 43:63, 57:27(2), 61:6.
  19. ^ 3:49(6), 3:50, 3:52, 5:116(3), 5:72, 5:116(3), 19:19, 19:30(3), 19:31(4), 19:32(2), 19:33(4), 19:33, 43:61, 43:63(2), 61:6(2), 61:14.
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