Outline of Islam

Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion teaching that there is only one God (Allah)^[1] and that Muhammad is His last Messenger.^[2]^[3]

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Islam.

Beliefs[]

Aqidah[]

Allah

God in Islam

Tawhid, Oneness of God

Repentance in Islam

Islamic views on sin

Shirk, Partnership and Idolatory

Haram

Kufr

Bid‘ah

Sunni / Ibadi / Ahmadiyya

Five Pillars of Islam
- Shahada
- Salah
- Sawm
- Zakat
- Hajj
Six articles of belief (Arkan al-Iman)
- Tawhid
- Prophets
- Holy books
- Angels
  - Jibril, Holy Spirit
- Predestination
- The Day of Judgment

Shia Twelvers

Theological principles
- Tawhid
- Adl
- Nubuwwah
- Imamate
- Mi'ad
Ancillaries of the Faith
- Salah
- Sawm
- Hajj
- Zakat
- Khums
- Jihad
- Amr-Bil-Ma'rūf
- Nahi-Anil-Munkar
- Tawalla
- Tabarra

Shia Ismaili

Seven pillars of Ismailism
- Walayah
- Taharah
- Salah
- Zakat
- Sawm
- Hajj
- Jihad

Prophets[]

Prophets of Islam
- Muhammad in Islam
  - Muhammad's first revelation
  - Miracles of Muhammad
    - Isra and Miraj
    - Splitting of the moon
  - Salawat
  - Mawlid
- Nuh (Noah)
- Ibrahim (Abraham)
- Musa (Moses)
- Isa (Jesus)
  - Second Coming of Isa
- People of Ya-Sin
- Stories of The Prophets

Scripture[]

List of Islamic texts
- Islamic holy books
  - Quran
    - Sura
      - List of surahs in the Quran
      - Meccan surah
      - Medinan surah
    - Ayat
    - Juz'
    - Muqatta'at
    - Quran and miracles
    - Challenge of the Quran
    - Women in the Quran
    - Female figures in the Quran
    - Biblical and Quranic narratives
    - Quranic parables
    - Tafsir
      - Naskh
    - Quran reading
      - Hafiz
      - Qira'at
      - Tajwid
      - Tarteel
    - Asbab al-nuzul
  - Tawrat (Torah)
  - Zabur (Psalms)
  - Injil (Gospel)
- Sunnah
  - Hadith
    - Hadith studies
    - Hadith terminology
    - Hadith collections
      - Sunni – Kutub al-Sittah
        Sahih Bukhari
        
        Sahih Muslim
        
        Sunan al-Sughra
        
        Sunan Abu Dawood
        
        Jami al-Tirmidhi
        
        Sunan ibn Majah
      - Shia – Al-Kutub Al-Arb'ah
        Kitab al-Kafi
        
        Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih
        
        Tahdhib al-Ahkam
        
        Al-Istibsar
      - Ibadi
        Jami Sahih
        
        Tartib al-Musnad
  - Seerah

Denominational specifics[]

Shia beliefs
- Ahl al-Kisa
  - Muhammad in Islam
  - Ali
  - Fatimah
  - Hasan ibn Ali
  - Husayn ibn Ali
- Imamah
- Mourning of Muharram
- Tawassul
- The Four Companions
- Shia clergy
- Twelver beliefs
  - Imamate (Twelver doctrine)
  - The Fourteen Infallibles
  - Occultation (Islam)
  - Irfan
- Ismaili beliefs
  - Imamah (Ismaili doctrine)
- Nizari Ismaili beliefs
  - Imamate in Nizari doctrine
- Alevi beliefs
  - Zahir
  - Batin
Ahmadi beliefs
- Bay'ah
- Prophethood
- Isa

Practice[]

Aqidah
- Salah
  - Prayer
    - Fard
      - Fajr prayer
      - Zuhr prayer
      - Asr prayer
      - Maghrib prayer
      - Isha prayer
    - Jumu'ah
    - Eid prayers
    - Tahajjud
    - Nafl prayer
  - Rakat
    - Basmala
    - Takbir
    - Ruku
    - Sujud
    - Tashahhud
    - Taslim
  - Mosque
    - Mihrab
    - Minbar
    - Khutbah
    - Musalla
    - Prayer rug
  - Conditions
    - Adhan
    - Iqama
    - Salat times
    - Qibla
    - Wudu
    - Ghusl
    - Turbah
- Sawm
  - Ramadan
    - Suhur
    - Iftar
    - Tarawih
    - Iʿtikāf
    - Laylat al-Qadr
    - Eid al-Fitr
    - Zakat al-Fitr
- Zakat
  - Sadaqah
- Hajj
  - Ihram
  - Miqat
  - Tawaf
  - Stoning of the devil
  - Eid al-Adha
  - Umrah
  - Holy Mosques
    - Masjid al-Haram
      - Kaaba
    - Al-Masjid an-Nabawi
- Jihad
- Dawah

Denominational specifics[]

Shia rituals
- Mourning of Muharram
  - Day of Ashura
    - Imam Husayn Shrine
  - Arba'een Pilgrimage
  - Ziyarat
    - Hussainiya
  - Marsiya
  - Noha
  - Maddahi
  - Soaz
  - Tasu'a
  - Ta'zieh
  - Tatbir
  - Tabuik
  - Hosay
  - Chup Tazia
  - Rawda Khwani
  - Hosseini infancy conference
- Shia days of remembrance
  - Ashura
  - Arba'een
  - Mawlid
  - Eid al-Fitr
  - Eid al-Adha
  - Eid al-Ghadeer
Ahmadiyya view
- Jihad

Schools and branches[]

Islam by country Sunni Shias Ibadi

Distribution of Sunni, Shia, Quranist, Ibadi, and Nondenominational Muslim branches

Schools of Islamic theology
Madhhab
Divisions of the world in Islam
Islamic schools and branches a.k.a. The Islamic denomination or Muslim denominations
- Denominational
  - Sunni Islam, a.k.a. Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah
    - Maliki
      - Shafii
        Maturidi
        Hanafi
        Ashari
        Hanbali
        Madkhali
        
        Athari
        
        Wahhabi
        
        Salafi
  - Shia Islam
    - Imami Shia
      - Imami Ismailism
        Batiniyyah
        
        Druze
        
        Musta'li
        
        Taiyabi
        Alavi
        
        Dawoodis
        
        Progressive Dawoodis
        
        Sulaymani
        
        Assassins
        
        Imami Twelvers
        Alevism
        Ghulat
        
        Alawites
        
        Qizilbash
        
        Zaidiyyah ("Fiver")
  - Kharjites
  - Ibadi
- Sufism – Tariqa – List of Sufi orders
  - Bektashi
  - Chishti
  - Galibi
  - Kubrawiya
  - Mevlevi
  - Mouride
  - Naqshbandi
  - Ni'matullahi
  - Noorbakshia
  - Oveysi
  - Qadiri
  - Qalandariyya
  - Rifa'i
  - Senussi
  - Shadhili
  - Suhrawardiyya
  - Tijaniyyah
- Schools of Jurisprudence, Branches, Doctrines and Movements
  - Sunni
    - Hanafi
    - Maliki
    - Shafi'i
    - Hanbali
    - Zahiri
    - Ahl al-Hadith, (School of 2nd/3rd Islamic centuries)
    - Ahl-i Hadith, (Movement in South-Asia in mid-nineteenth English century)
    - Salafi movement
    - Wahhabism
  - Shia
    - Ja'fari
      - Usuli
      - Akhbari
    - Ismaili
    - Zaidi
- Schools of Islamic theology
  - Kalam
    - Ash'ari
    - Maturidi
  - Athari
  - Murji'ah
    - Karramiyya
  - Qadariyyah
    - Mu'tazili
- Other branches
  - Ahmadiyyah
  - Gülen movement
  - Islamism
  - Liberal Islam
  - Mahdavia
  - Nation of Islam
  - Non-denominational Muslims
  - Quranism
Conferences, Movements and Organizations on Union and Peace
- Amman Message
- 2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny
- Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
- The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought
- Islamic Unity week
- Al-Azhar Shia Fatwa
- International Islamic Unity Conference (Iran)
- International Islamic Unity Conference (US)
- Al-Azhar Shia Fatwa
- The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought
- The Humanitarian Forum
- Islamic Relief
- British Muslim Forum
- Muslim Charities Forum
- Catholic–Muslim Forum
- Muslim Safety Forum
- A Common Word Between Us and You
- Hindu–Muslim unity

Philosophy[]

Islamic philosophy
- Early Islamic philosophy
  - Kalam
  - Avicennism
  - Averroism
  - Al-aql al-faal
- Islamic ethics
  - Morality in Islam
- Logic in Islamic philosophy
- Islamic metaphysics
  - Kalam cosmological argument
  - Proof of the Truthful
- Sufi philosophy
  - Sufi metaphysics
  - Sufi cosmology
  - Sufi psychology
  - Lataif-e-sitta
  - Concepts
    - Ruh
    - Haal
    - Manzil
    - Maqaam
    - Fanaa
    - Baqaa
    - Yaqeen
    - Haqiqa
    - Marifa
    - Ihsan
- Islamic attitudes towards science
  - Islamic views on evolution
    - Ahmadiyya views on evolution
- Science in the medieval Islamic world
  - Alchemy and chemistry in medieval Islam
  - Astrology in medieval Islam
  - Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world
  - Cosmology in medieval Islam
  - Geography and cartography in medieval Islam
  - Mathematics in medieval Islam
  - Medicine in the medieval Islamic world
  - Prophetic medicine
  - Ophthalmology in medieval Islam
  - Physics in the medieval Islamic world
  - Psychology in medieval Islam
- Islamic view of miracles
- Contemporary Islamic philosophy

Theology[]

Islamic religious sciences
Islamic theology
- Theological concepts
  - Ahl al-Hadith (started in 2nd/3rd Islamic centuries)
  - Ahl-i Hadith (another movement in South-Asia in mid-nineteenth English century)
  - Ahl ar-Ra'y
  - Divisions of the world in Islam
  - Fi sabilillah
  - Ihsan
  - Iman
  - Itmam al-hujjah
  - Wasat
  - Shia theological concepts
    - Ismah
- Categorization of individuals
  - Mumin
  - Muslim
  - Faqih
  - Fajir
  - Kafir
  - Munafiq
- Groups
  - People of the Book
  - Ahl al-Fatrah
- Theological titles
  - Caliph
  - Shaykh al-Islam
  - Sayyid
  - Sharif
  - Ulama
  - Faqih
  - Grand Imam of Al-Azhar
  - Mufti
    - Grand Mufti
  - Mujtahid
  - Ayatollah
  - Marja'
  - Imam
  - Mullah
  - Mujaddid
  - Qadi
  - Sheikh
  - Hajji
  - Ansar
Islamic mythology
- Beings
  - Angels
  - Iblis
  - Jinn
  - Ifrit
  - Shayṭān
  - Div
- Exorcism in Islam, Ruqya
- Places
  - Garden of Eden
  - Jannah
  - Jahannam
  - Seven Heavens
Islamic eschatology
- Mahdi
  - Signs of the reappearance of Muhammad al-Mahdi
  - Al-Masih ad-Dajjal
- The Occultation
- Barzakh
- Shia eschatology

Law[]

Sharia
- Sources of sharia
- Application of sharia law by country
Fiqh, The Islamic jurisprudence
- Usul al-Fiqh, Principles of Islamic jurisprudence
  - Methodology and principles
    - Ijazah
    - Ijma
    - 'Aql
    - Ijtihad
    - Ikhtilaf
    - Istihlal
    - Istihsan
    - Madhhab
    - Madrasah
    - Maqasid
    - Maslaha
    - Qiyas
    - Taqlid
    - Urf
  - Ahkam
    - Batil
    - Bid'ah
    - Fard
    - Fasiq
    - Fitna
    - Gunah
    - Halal
    - Haram
    - Istishhad
    - Jihad
    - Makruh
    - Moharebeh
    - Mubah
    - Mustahabb
    - Taghut
    - Taqiya
    - Thawab
- Topic of fiqh
  - Ibadah
  - Political
    - Islamic leadership
    - Bay'ah
    - Dhimmi
  - Marital
    - Marriage in Islam
      - Islamic marriage contract
      - Mahr
      - Nikah Misyar
      - Nikah Halala
      - Nikah 'urfi
      - Nikah mut'ah
    - Polygyny in Islam
    - Divorce in Islam
    - Islamic adoptional jurisprudence
  - Sexual
    - Islam and masturbation
    - Islamic sexual hygienical jurisprudence
    - Rape in Islamic law
    - Zina
    - Intimate parts in Islam
  - Criminal
    - Hudud
      - Islam and blasphemy
      - Maisir
      - Zina
      - Hirabah
      - Fasad
      - Rajm
      - Tazir
      - Qisas
      - Diya
    - Apostasy in Islam
    - Beheading in Islam
  - Etiquette
    - Adab
    - Gender segregation
      - Harem
    - Mahram
    - Islamic honorifics
    - Islam on female genital mutilation
  - Economics
    - Zakat
      - Jizya
      - Nisab
      - Khums
      - Sadaqah
      - Waqf
      - Bayt al-mal
    - Islamic banking and finance
      - Ribat
      - Murabaha
      - Takaful
      - Sukuk
    - Islamic inheritance jurisprudence
  - Hygiene
    - Islamic toilet etiquette
    - Taharah
    - Wudu
    - Masah
    - Ghusl
    - Tayammum
    - Miswak
    - Najis
  - Dietary
    - Dhabihah
    - Khamr
    - Prohibition of pork
  - Military
    - Jihad
    - Hudna
    - Istijarah
    - Prisoners of war in Islam
    - Slavery
      - Ma malakat aymanukum
Hisbah
- Islamic religious police

Hadith[]

Main article: Hadith
Important Sunni Hadith: Kutub al-Sittah; Sahih al-Bukhari; Sahih Muslim; Al-Sunan al-Sughra; Sunan Abu Dawood; Jami` at-Tirmidhi; Sunan ibn Majah
Important Shia Hadith: The Four Books; Kitab al-Kafi; Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih; Tahdhib al-Ahkam; Al-Istibsar

Hadith Collectors: Muhammad al-Bukhari; Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj; Abu Dawood
Commentary for Sahih al-Bukhari: Fath al-Bari

Related: Hadith studies; Hadith terminology

Islamic terrorism[]

Main article: Islamic terrorism
Ideology: Islam and violence; Quran and violence; Jihad in Hadith; Political aspects of Islam; List of expeditions of Muhammad; Islamic fundamentalism; Jihad; Islamism; Islamic military jurisprudence; Prisoners of war in Islam; Muslim attitudes towards terrorism; Caliphate
Analysts: Robert B. Spencer; Bernard Lewis; Michael Sells; Muhammad al-Shaybani; Raymond Ibrahim
Areas of Conflict: List of Islamist terrorist attacks; Terrorism in Russia; Al-Qaeda involvement in Europe; Israeli–Palestinian conflict; Terrorism in Saudi Arabia; Terrorism in Yemen; Terrorism in Egypt; Terrorism in Canada; Jihadist extremism in the United States; Terrorism in Pakistan; Terrorism in Indonesia; Terrorism in Thailand; Terrorism in the Philippines
Tactics: Suicide attack; Beheading in Islam; Slavery in 21st-century Islamism
Groups and leaders: Al-Qaeda; Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant; Boko Haram; Osama bin Laden; Ayman al-Zawahiri; Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi; Hamas; Al-Shabaab (militant group); Egyptian Islamic Jihad; Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine; Iran and state-sponsored terrorism; Hezbollah

The supernatural in Islam[]

Islamic Concept of God: God in Islam; Names of God in Islam; Allah

The Light before the Material World: Nūr (Islam); Muhammad in Islam; Al-Insān al-Kāmil; Holy Spirit in Islam

Miracles

Islamic view of miracles

Quran and miracles

Challenge of the Quran

Miracles of Muhammad

Saints

The Angels: Angels in Islam; Alam al Jabarut; Archangel; Artiya'il; Azrael; Cherub; Darda'il; Gabriel; Habib; Harut and Marut; Illiyin; Israfil, Raphael (archangel); Jannah; Kiraman Katibin; Michael (archangel); Mu'aqqibat, Hafaza, The Guardian angels; Recording angel; Riḍwan; Seraph

Beings and Forces in ordinary life

Asmodeus

Al-Baqarah

Al-Ikhlas

Al-Mu'awwidhatayn

Al-Falaq

Al-Nas

Adhan

Throne Verse, also known as Al-Baqara 255 and Ayatul Kursi

Evil eye

Hatif

Hinn (mythology)

Ifrit

Jinn

Sura Al-Jinn

Exorcism in Islam

Ful-filling Fard

Preventing Major Sins

Removing Haram objects from body and Home

Destroying suspicious magical items, Ta'wiz, Talisman, Amulet

Stop giving information to suspects, Fortune-tellers, Magicians

Marid

Magic (paranormal)

Malakut

Peri

Qalb

Qareen

Solomon in Islam

Death and Human spirit: Barzakh; Illiyin; Islamic view of death; Munkar and Nakir; Nāzi'āt and Nāshiṭāt; Nafs; Rūḥ

Fallen Angels, Devils and Hell: As-Sirāt; Azazel; Dajjal; Div; Falak (Arabian legend); Fallen angel; Iblis; Jahannam; Maalik; Nar as Samum; Shaitan; Sijjin; Zabaniyya; Zaqqum

Military career of Muhammad[]

Main article: Military career of Muhammad
List of expeditions: List of expeditions of Muhammad
Expeditions in chronological order: Caravan raids; Invasion of Waddan; Invasion of Buwat; Invasion of Dul Ashir; Invasion of Safwan; Nakhla raid; Battle of Badr; 'Asma' bint Marwan; Abu 'Afak; Invasion of Sawiq; Invasion of Banu Qaynuqa; Al Kudr Invasion; Invasion of Dhi Amr; Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf; Invasion of Buhran; Nejd Caravan Raid; Expedition of 'Abdullah ibn 'Atik; Battle of Uhud; Invasion of Hamra al-Asad; Expedition of Qatan; Expedition of Abdullah Ibn Unais; Expedition of Al Raji; The Mission of Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri; Expedition of Bir Maona; Invasion of Banu Nadir; Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa; Invasion of Badr; Invasion of Dumatul Jandal; Battle of the Trench; Invasion of Banu Qurayza; Expedition of Muhammad ibn Maslamah; Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan; First Raid on Banu Thalabah; Second Raid on Banu Thalabah; Invasion of Banu Lahyan; Raid on al-Ghabah; Expedition of Dhu Qarad; Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Al-Jumum); Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Al-Is); Third Raid on Banu Thalabah; Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Hisma); Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Wadi al-Qura); Invasion of Banu Mustaliq; Expedition of Abdur Rahman bin Auf; Expedition of Fadak; Second Expedition of Wadi al-Qura; Expedition of Kurz bin Jabir Al-Fihri; Expedition of Abdullah ibn Rawaha; Treaty of Hudaybiyyah; Conquest of Fadak; Battle of Khaybar; Third Expedition of Wadi al Qura; Expedition of Umar ibn al-Khatab; Expedition of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq; Expedition of Bashir Ibn Sa’d al-Ansari (Fadak); Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Mayfah); Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Fadak); Expedition of Bashir Ibn Sa’d al-Ansari (Yemen); Expedition of Ibn Abi Al-Awja Al-Sulami; Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Al-Kadid); Expedition of Shuja ibn Wahb al-Asadi; Expedition of Ka’b ibn 'Umair al-Ghifari; Battle of Mu'tah; Expedition of Amr ibn al-As; Expedition of Abu Ubaidah ibn al Jarrah; Expedition of Abi Hadrad al-Aslami; Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Khadirah); Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Batn Edam); Occupation of Mecca; Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Nakhla); Raid of Amr ibn al-As; Raid of Sa'd ibn Zaid al-Ashhali; Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Banu Jadhimah); Battle of Hunayn; Expedition of At-Tufail ibn 'Amr Ad-Dausi; Battle of Autas; Expedition of Abu Amir Al-Ashari; Expedition of Abu Musa Al-Ashari; Siege of Ta'if; Expedition of Uyainah bin Hisn; Expedition of Qutbah ibn Amir; Expedition of Dahhak al-Kilabi; Expedition of Alqammah bin Mujazziz; Expeditions of Ali ibn Abi Talib; Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan (Udhrah and Baliy); Battle of Tabouk; Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Dumatul Jandal); Expedition of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb; Demolition of Masjid al-Dirar; Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (2nd Dumatul Jandal); Expedition of Surad ibn Abdullah; Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Najran); Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Mudhij); Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Hamdan); Demolition of Dhul Khalasa; Expedition of Usama bin Zayd

Muslim conquests[]

Main article: Muslim conquests
Rashidun Conquests: Rashidun Caliphate; Muslim conquest of the Levant; Arab conquest of Armenia; Muslim conquest of Egypt; Muslim conquest of the Maghreb; Siege of Constantinople (674–78); Siege of Constantinople (717–718); Battle of Akroinon
Umayyad Conquests: Umayyad conquest of Hispania; Tariq ibn Ziyad; Emirate of Tbilisi; Emirate of Crete; History of Islam in southern Italy; Arab–Byzantine wars; Khalid ibn al-Walid; 'Amr ibn al-'As; Byzantine–Sasanian wars; Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628; Siege of Constantinople (626); Muslim conquest of Persia; Battle of Walaja; Battle of al-Qādisiyyah; Battle of Nahāvand; Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas; Islamic conquest of Afghanistan; Muslim conquest of Transoxiana; Battle of the Defile; Battle of Talas; History of Arabs in Afghanistan; Muslim conquests on the Indian subcontinent; Muhammad bin Qasim; Arab–Khazar wars; Umayyad invasion of Gaul; Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik; Byzantine–Seljuq wars
General Information: Ghazi (warrior)

Islamic mythology[]

Adam in Islam

Akhirah

Al-Safa and Al-Marwah

Azazel

Azrael

Barzakh

Beast of the Earth

Biblical and Quranic narratives

Biblical figures in Islamic tradition

Black Standard

Black Stone

Cain and Abel in Islam

Crescent

Darda'il

Devil (Islam)

Dhul-Qarnayn

Dome of the Rock

Foundation Stone

Gabriel

Gog and Magog

Green in Islam

Hafaza

Hajj

Harut and Marut

Hateem

Holy Spirit (Islam)

Ishmael in Islam

Islamic eschatology

Islamic flags

Islamic view of angels

Islamic view of Jesus' death

Isra and Mi'raj

Israfil

Jahannam

Jannah

Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam

Jesus in Islam

Kaaba

Khidr

Kiraman Katibin

Kiswah

Maalik

Mahdi

Mary in Islam

Masih ad-Dajjal

Michael (archangel)

Moses in Islam

Mu'aqqibat

Munkar and Nakir

Noah in Islam

Queen of Sheba

Raphael (archangel)

Recording angel

Ridwan (name)

Rub el Hizb

Sarah

Satan

Solomon in Islam

Star and crescent

Symbols of Islam

Tawaf

The Occultation

Well of Souls

Zamzam Well

Zaqqum

History[]

History of Islam
- Timeline of Muslim history
Timeline of Muslim history Year by Year

Timeline of 6th-century Muslim history

Timeline of 7th-century Muslim history

Timeline of 8th-century Muslim history

Timeline of 9th-century Muslim history

Timeline of 10th-century Muslim history

Timeline of 11th-century Muslim history

Timeline of 12th-century Muslim history

Timeline of 13th-century Muslim history

Timeline of 14th-century Muslim history

Timeline of 15th-century Muslim history

Timeline of 16th-century Muslim history

Timeline of 17th-century Muslim history

Timeline of 18th-century Muslim history

Timeline of 19th-century Muslim history

Timeline of 20th-century Muslim history

Timeline of 21st-century Muslim history

- Historiography of early Islam
- List of dynasties of Muslim Rulers
  - List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
  - List of Shia Muslim dynasties
Early history
- Muhammad in Mecca
- Persecution of Muslims by Meccans
- Hegira
  - Migration to Abyssinia
- List of expeditions of Muhammad
  - Battle of Badr
  - Battle of Uhud
  - Battle of the Trench
  - Battle of Hunayn
- Muhammad in Medina
  - Constitution of Medina
- Farewell Pilgrimage
- The event of Ghadir Khumm
- Succession to Muhammad
- Saqifa
- Umar at Fatimah's house
- Caliphate
- Salaf
  - Sahaba
  - Tabi'un
  - Tabi' al-Tabi'in
- Rashidun Caliphate
  - Abu Bakr
    - Ridda wars
  - Umar
    - Military conquests of Umar's era
    - Reforms of Umar's era (Pact of Umar)
  - Uthman
    - The election of Uthman
    - Siege of Uthman
    - Military campaigns under Caliph Uthman
  - Muslim conquests
    - Early Muslim conquests
      - Muslim conquest of Persia
  - First Fitna
    - Battle of Karbala
Classical era
- Umayyad Caliphate
  - Dinar (Gold dinar) / Dirham / Fals
  - Shurta
  - Second Fitna
  - Umayyad conquest of Hispania
    - Timeline of the Muslim presence in the Iberian peninsula
      - Caliphate of Cordoba
- Abbasid Caliphate
  - Islamic Golden Age
  - Muslim Agricultural Revolution
  - Mihna
  - Shu'ubiyya
    - Islamization of Iran
  - Muslim conquest of the Indian subcontinent
  - Mali Empire
  - Bayt al-Hikma
  - Zanj Rebellion
  - Baghdad Manifesto
  - Siege of Baghdad (1258)
- Crusades
- Ghaznavids
- Seljuk Empire
- Ghurid dynasty
- Khwarazmian dynasty
- Fatimid Caliphate
- Ayyubid dynasty
- Ilkhanate
- Mamluk Sultanate
  - Sultan
- Almoravid dynasty
- Almohad Caliphate
- Taifa
Pre-Modern era
- Ottoman Empire
  - Islam in the Ottoman Empire
  - Millet
  - Devshirme
  - Ottoman persecution of Alevis
  - Slavery in the Ottoman Empire
- Timurid Empire
- Safavids
- Mughal Empire
  - Mansabdar
- Al Andalus
  - Reconquista
- The spread of Islam in Indonesia (1200 to 1600)
  - Wali Sanga
Modern times
- Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire
  - Tanzimat
  - Sykes-Picot Agreement
- Saudi Arabia
  - Wahhabism
  - Destruction of early Islamic heritage sites in Saudi Arabia
  - Grand Mosque seizure
- Sokoto Caliphate
- Ahmadiyya Caliphate
- Pakistan movement
- Arab–Israeli conflict / Israeli–Palestinian conflict
- War in Afghanistan (1978–present)
- Iranian Revolution
- Gulf War / Iraq War
- September 11 attacks
- Arab Spring / Arab Winter
  - Syrian Civil War
  - Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017)
  - Libyan Civil War
  - Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)

History of Islam by topic[]

History of Hajj
- Incidents during the Hajj
History of the Quran
- Wahy
- Early Quranic manuscripts
- Quranic timeline
History of Ahmadiyya
History of Alevism
History of Nizari Ismailism
History of Shia Islam

History of Islam in the medieval Algeria
History of Islam in China
History of Islam in the medieval Egypt
History of Islam in southern Italy
History of Islam in Yemen
Reception of Islam in Early Modern Europe

Society[]

Ummah
Islamic calendar
Islam and humanity
Islam and children
Gender roles in Islam
Women in Islam
LGBT in Islam
Mukhannathun
Islam and clothing
Animals in Islam
Muslim holidays
Qurbani
Nursing in Islam
Symbols of Islam
Islamic education
- Hawza
- Islamic studies
- Madrasa
  - List of Islamic seminaries
  - List of Muslim educational institutions
  - List of oldest madrasahs in continuous operation

Places[]

Holiest sites in Islam
- Mecca
  - Masjid al-Haram
- Medina
  - Al-Masjid an-Nabawi
- Al Quds
  - Al-Aqsa Mosque
- Holiest sites in Sunni Islam
- Holiest sites in Shia Islam
  - Najaf
    - Imam Ali Mosque
  - Karbala
    - Imam Husayn Shrine
    - Al Abbas Mosque
  - Mecca
    - Al-Baqi'
    - Jannat al-Mu'alla
  - Damascus
    - Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque
    - Sayyidah Ruqayya Mosque
    - Bab al-Saghir
  - Holy sites specific to Twelver Shia Muslims
    - Mashhad
      - Imam Reza shrine
    - Kadhimiya
      - Al-Kadhimiya Mosque
    - Samarra
      - Al-Askari Mosque
    - Qom
      - Fatima Masumeh Shrine

Culture[]

Islamic culture
Islamic art
- Arabesque
- Girih
- Islamic geometric patterns
- Islamic interlace patterns
- Sitara (textile)
- Zellige
Islamic architecture
- Architectural elements
  - Ablaq
  - Iwan
  - Mashrabiya
  - Minaret
  - Muqarnas
  - Sahn
- Architectural types
  - Kasbah
  - Khanqah
  - Mosque
    - List of largest mosques
    - List of the oldest mosques
  - Madrasa
  - Ribat
  - Zawiya
Islamic calligraphy
- Diwani
- Kufic
- Naskh
- Nastaʿlīq
Islamic garden
Islamic glass
Islamic literature
- Islamic advice literature
- Islamic poetry
- Sufi poetry
- Miniatures
  - Ottoman miniature
  - Mughal miniature
  - Persian miniature
Islamic music
- Nasheed
Oriental rug
Islamic pottery

Politics[]

Political aspects of Islam
Shia–Sunni relations
Islam and modernity
- Islamic Modernism
  - Islam and secularism
  - Islam Hadhari
  - Islam Nusantara
  - Islamic democracy
    - Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
    - Arab Charter on Human Rights
    - Shura
    - Turkish model
  - Liberalism and progressivism within Islam
    - Cultural Muslim
    - Enlightened moderation
    - Islamic feminism
    - Quranism
- Islamic revivalism
  - Al-Ahbash
  - Barelvi movement
  - Deobandi movement
  - Gülen movement
  - Islamism
    - Islamic fundamentalism
    - Islamization
      - Islamization of knowledge
    - Qutbism
      - Jihadism
    - Salafi movement
      - Madkhalism
      - Sahwa movement
      - Salafi jihadism
        Mujahideen
        
        Shahid
      - Wahhabism
    - Post-Islamism
  - Pan-Islamism
- Islamic state
  - Islamic republic
  - Islamic monarchy
  - Islamic socialism
Persecution of Muslims
- Persecution of minority Muslim groups
- Islamophobia
  - Islamophobic incidents

Muslim world[]

The Muslim population of the world map by percentage of each country, according to the Pew Forum (assessed on 29 June 2014).

Muslim world
- Islam by country
- List of Muslim-majority countries
- List of countries by Muslim population
Islamic organizations
- International organization
  - Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
    - Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
    - Statistical, Economic and Social Research and Training Centre for Islamic Countries
  - Islamic Military Alliance
- Islamic political parties
  - Islamic democratic
    - National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan (Afghanistan)
    - Islamic Renaissance Movement (Algeria)
    - Al-Menbar Islamic Society (Bahrain)
    - Bangladesh Islami Front (Bangladesh)
    - Islami Oikya Jote (Bangladesh)
    - Party of Democratic Action (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
    - Al-Wasat Party (Egypt)
    - National Awakening Party (Indonesia)
    - National Mandate Party (Indonesia)
    - United Development Party (Indonesia)
    - All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (India)
    - Indian Union Muslim League (India)
    - Islamic Action Organisation (Iraq)
    - Islamic Dawa Party (Iraq)
    - Islamic Fayli Grouping in Iraq (Iraq)
    - Kurdistan Islamic Group (Iraq)
    - Islamic Labour Movement in Iraq (Iraq)
    - Islamic Union of Iraqi Turkoman (Iraq)
    - Islamic Centrist Party (Jordan)
    - National Patriotic Party (Kazakhstan)
    - United Malays National Organisation (Malaysia)
    - Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan (Pakistan)
    - Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (Pakistan)
    - Lakas–CMD (Philippines)
    - Moro Islamic Liberation Front (Philippines)
    - United Bangsamoro Justice Party (Philippines)
    - Ideal Democratic Party (Rwanda)
    - Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (Sri Lanka)
    - Ennahda Movement (Tunisia)
  - Islamic liberal
    - Islamic Iran Participation Front (Iran)
    - National Forces Alliance (Libya)
  - Sunni Islamist
    - Islamic Dawah Organisation of Afghanistan (Afghanistan)
    - Hezbi Islami (Afghanistan)
    - Jamiat-e Islami (Afghanistan)
    - Green Algeria Alliance (Algeria)
    - Movement of Society for Peace (Algeria)
    - Movement for National Reform (Algeria)
    - Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami (Bangladesh)
    - Islamic Front Bangladesh (Bangladesh)
    - Committee for National Revolution (East Turkestan)
    - Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)
    - Building and Development Party (Egypt)
    - Islamic Party (Egypt)
    - Prosperous Justice Party (Indonesia)
    - Crescent Star Party (Indonesia)
    - Reform Star Party (Indonesia)
    - Iraqi Islamic Party (Iraq)
    - Kurdistan Islamic Union (Iraq)
    - Zamzam (party) (Jordan)
    - Islamic Action Front (Jordan)
    - Hadas (Kuwait)
    - Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya (Lebanon)
    - Justice and Construction Party (Libya)
    - Homeland Party (Libya)
    - Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) (Malaysia)
    - Islamic Democratic Party (Maldives)
    - Justice and Development Party (Morocco)
    - Jamiat Ahle Hadith (Pakistan)
    - Jamiat Ulema-e Islam (F) (Pakistan)
    - Hamas (Palestine)
    - National Congress (Sudan)
    - Muslim Brotherhood of Syria (Syria)
    - Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan (Tajikistan)
    - Felicity Party (Turkey)
  - Shia Islamist
    - Islamic Movement of Afghanistan (Afghanistan)
    - Hizb-i-Wahdat (Afghanistan)
    - Islamic Party of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan)
    - Al Wefaq (Bahrain)
    - Bahrain Freedom Movement (Bahrain)
    - Islamic Action Society (Bahrain)
    - Hezbollah (Lebanon)
    - Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran (Iran)
    - Islamic Coalition Party (Iran)
    - National Iraqi Alliance (Iraq)
    - Islamic Dawa Party – Iraq Organisation (Iraq)
    - Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq (Iraq)
    - Islamic Virtue Party (Iraq)
    - Tehrik-e-Jafaria (Pakistan)
  - Salafist
    - Al Asalah (Bahrain)
    - Young Kashgar Party (East Turkestan)
    - Al-Nour Party (Egypt)
    - Adhaalath Party (Maldives)
    - Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (Pakistan)
    - Al-Islah (Yemen)
- Militant organization
  - Sunni Jihadism
    - Abu Sayyaf
    - al-Itihaad al-Islamiya
    - Al-Qaeda
    - Al-Shabaab
    - Ansar al-Islam
    - Ansar al-Sharia
    - Boko Haram
    - Darul Islam
    - Gerakan Mujahidin Islam Patani
    - Hizbul Islam
    - Indonesian Mujahedeen Council
    - Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
    - Laskar Jihad
    - Taliban
  - Shia Jihadism
    - Hezbollah
- Non-governmental organization
  - Muslim Brotherhood (Egypt)
  - Muhammadiyah (Indonesia)
  - Nahdlatul Ulama (Indonesia)
  - Indonesian Ulema Council (Indonesia)
  - PERSIS (organization) (Indonesia)
  - Islamic Defenders Front (Indonesia)
  - Tamil Nadu Muslim Munnetra Kazagham (India)
  - Popular Front of India (India)
  - Dawat-e-Islami (Pakistan)
  - Society of the Revival of Islamic Heritage
  - Islamic Information Center
  - Muslim World League
  - Islamic relief organizations
    - International Islamic Relief Organization
    - Islamic Relief
      - Islamic Relief USA
    - Muslim Aid
    - IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation
    - Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation
    - International Islamic Council for Da'wah and Relief
    - Solidarity Youth Movement
    - The Zakat Foundation

People[]

Key religious figures[]

Prophets and messengers in Islam

Prophets and messengers in the Qur'an
Name	Prophet	Messenger	Ulul'Azm	Book	Sent to	Law (Sharia)	Judeo-Christian Equivalent	Chronological Order
Harun	✓^[4]						Aaron	15
Ibrahim	✓^[5]	✓^[6]	✓^[7]	Scrolls of Abraham^[8]	The people of Ibrahim^[9]	✓^[10]	Abraham	6
Adam/Aadam	✓^[11]						Adam	1
Da'ud	✓^[12]			Zabur (Psalms)^[13]			David	17
Ilias	✓^[12]	✓^[14]			The people of Elias^[15]		Elijah	19
Alyasa	✓^[12]						Elisha	20
Idris	✓^[16]						Enoch	2
Dhul-Kifl	✓^[17]						Ezekiel	16
Hud	✓^[18]	✓^[18]			ʿĀd^[19]		Eber	4
Is'haq	✓^[20]						Isaac	9
Isma'il	✓^[21]	✓^[21]					Ishmael	8
Yaqub	✓^[20]						Jacob	10
Shuaib	✓^[22]	✓^[22]			Midian^[23]		Jethro	13
Isa	✓^[24]	✓^[25]	✓^[26]^[27]	Injil (Gospel)^[28]	The people of Israel^[29]	✓^[10]	Jesus	24
Ayyub	✓^[30]						Job	12
Yahya	✓^[31]						John the Baptist	23
Yusuf	✓^[30]	✓^[32]					Joseph	11
Younis	✓^[12]	✓^[33]			The people of Younis^[34]		Jonah	21
Lut	✓^[35]	✓^[36]			The people of Lot^[37]		Lot	7
Nuh	✓^[12]	✓^[38]	✓^[26]^[27]		The people of Noah^[39]	✓^[10]	Noah	3
Muhammad	✓^[40]^[41]	✓^[42]	✓^[7]	Quran^[43]	Whole Mankind and Jinn^[44]	✓^[10]		25
Musa	✓^[45]	✓^[45]	✓^[26]^[27]	Tawrah (Torah)^[46]	Pharaoh and his establishment^[47]	✓^[10]	Moses	14
Saleh	✓^[48]	✓^[48]			Thamud^[49]		Salah	5
Sulaiman	✓^[12]						Solomon	18
Zakariyyah	✓^[12]						Zechariah	22

Muhammad[]

Muhammad's wives

Sahabah[]

Sahabah
List of Sahabah
- List of non-Arab Sahabah

Ashara e mubashra: Hadith of the ten promised paradise; Abu Bakr; Umar; Uthman ibn Affan; Ali; Talhah; Az-Zubair; Abdur Rahman bin Awf; Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas; Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah; Sa'id ibn Zayd
Most hadith narrating sahabah: Abu Hurairah; Abdullah Ibn Umar; Anas ibn Malik; Aisha; Abd Allah ibn Abbas; Jabir ibn Abd Allah; Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri; Abdullah ibn Masud; 'Abd Allah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As

Umar[]

Family tree of Umar
Umm Kulthum bint Ali (Wife)
Abdullah ibn Umar (son)
Hafsa bint Umar (Daughter)
Asim ibn Umar (son)
Sunni view of Umar
Shi'a view of Umar
Ten Promised Paradise

Uthman[]

Family tree of Uthman
Uthman Quran

Denominational specifics[]

Sunni Islam[]

List of Sunni Islamic scholars by schools of jurisprudence

Deobandi[]

List of Deobandis
List of students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi
List of Darul Uloom Deoband alumni
Ashraf Ali Thanwi
Hussain Ahmed Madani

Barelvi[]

Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi

Shia Islam[]

The Four Companions
- Abū Dhar al-Ghifāri
- Ammār ibn Yāsir
- Miqdad ibn Aswād al-Kindi
- Salman the Persian
Holy women of Shia Islam
- Fatimah
- Khadija bint Khuwaylid
- Umm Salama
- Zaynab bint Ali
- Umm Kulthum bint Ali
- Umm ul-Banin
- Fatimah bint Hasan
- Sukayna bint Husayn
- Rubab
- Shahrbanu
- Fātimah bint Mūsā
- Hakimah Khātūn
- Narjis
- Fatimah bint Asad
- Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim
Companions of Ali ibn Abi Talib

Companions of Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin

List of Shia Imams

List of current Maraji
- List of deceased Maraji

Imami Twelver[]

The Fourteen Infallibles
- Muhammad in Islam
- Fātimah
- Ali
- Hasan ibn Ali
- Husayn ibn Ali
- Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin
- Muhammad al-Baqir
- Ja'far al-Sadiq
- Mūsā al-Kādhim
- Alī ar-Ridhā
- Muhammad al-Jawad
- Ali al-Hadi
- Hasan al-'Askarī
- Muhammad al-Mahdi

Imami Ismailism[]

List of Ismaili imams

Alevism[]

Key figures

Khadija bint Khuwaylid
Fatimah
Khidr
Salman the Persian
Uwais al-Qarani
Jābir ibn Hayyān
Dhul-Nun al-Misri
Bayazid Bastami
Ibn al-Rawandi
Mansur Al-Hallaj
Nasir Khusraw
Abu al-Hassan al-Kharaqani
Yusuf Hamdani
Khoja Akhmet Yassawi
Abdul-Qadir Gilani
Ahmed ar-Rifa'i
Ibn Arabi
Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar
Ahi Evren
Haji Bektash Veli
Rumi
Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi
Zahed Gilani
Sari Saltik

Yunus Emre
Safi-ad-din Ardabili
Nāimī
Sadr al-Dīn Mūsā
Imadaddin Nasimi
Shah Nimatullah Wali
Shaykh Junayd
Shaykh Haydar
Ali Mirza Safavi
Ismail I
Nur-Ali Khalifa
Kaygusuz Abdal
Otman Baba
Balım Sultan
Gül Baba
Fuzûlî
Alians
Demir Baba Teke
Arabati Baba Teḱe
Pir Sultan Abdal
Kul Nesîmî
Sheikh Bedreddin
Börklüce Mustafa
Torlak Kemal

Ahmadiyya[]

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
- Mirza Ghulam Ahmad bibliography

Islamism[]

Key ideologues

Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi
Mahmud Hasan Deobandi
Ashraf Ali Thanwi
Hussain Ahmed Madani
Shah Ahmad Shafi
Sayyid Qutb
Abul A'la Maududi
Yusuf al-Qaradawi
Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani
Muhammad Asad
Hassan al-Banna
Ata Abu Rashta
Haji Shariatullah
Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī
Muhammad Abduh
Rashid Rida
Muhammad Iqbal

Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani
Hassan Al-Turabi
Mahathir Mohamad
Ahmed Yassin
Ali Shariati
Navvab Safavi
Ali Khamenei
Ruhollah Khomeini
Qazi Hussain Ahmad
Rached Ghannouchi
Necmettin Erbakan
Safwat Hegazi

Modernist Salafism[]

- Muhammad Abduh
- Rashid Rida

Salafi movement[]

List of Salafi scholars
- Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz
- Muhammad ibn al Uthaymeen
- Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani
- Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i
- Sayyid Qutb
- Umar Sulaiman Al-Ashqar

Sufism[]

List of contemporary Sufi scholars
List of modern Sufi scholars
List of Sufi saints

List of Muslims by topic[]

Historical[]

List of Caliphs

List of honored women in Islam

List of Ayyubid sultans and emirs

List of Mamluk sultans

List of Ghaznavid sultans

Grand Viziers of the Safavid Empire

Viziers of the Samanid Empire

List of Sheikh-ul-Islams of the Ottoman Empire
Grand Viziers of Ottoman Empire

Denominational / religious-related occupational[]

List of Ahmadis
List of Alawites
List of converts to Islam
List of Da'is
List of Hafiz
List of Hanafis
List of Ash'aris and Maturidis
List of Islamic jurists

List of Mahdi claimants
List of Muslim theologians
List of Shi'a Muslims
- List of Shia Muslim scholars of Islam
List of Sufis
- List of Sufi singers

Professional[]

List of Islamic studies scholars
List of modern-day Muslim scholars of Islam
List of Muslim Christianity scholars
List of Muslim comparative religionists
List of Muslim feminists
List of Muslim historians
List of Muslim Nobel Laureates
List of Muslim painters
List of Muslim philosophers
List of Muslim Rajputs

List of Muslim scientists
- List of Muslim astronauts
- List of Muslim astronomers
- List of Muslim geographers
- List of Muslim mathematicians
List of Muslim soldiers
List of Muslim writers and poets
List of Muslims in entertainment and the media

Regional[]

Islamic rulers in the Indian subcontinent
List of American Muslims
List of British Muslims
List of Burmese Muslims
List of Chinese Muslims
List of Canadian Muslims

List of German Muslims
List of Indian Muslims
- List of notable Hyderabadi Muslims
List of Israeli Arab Muslims

References[]

^ quran.com, Quran Surah Al-Baqara ( Verse 255 )
^ John L. Esposito (2009). "Islam. Overview". In John L. Esposito (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001. ISBN 9780195305135. Profession of Faith [...] affirms Islam's absolute monotheism and acceptance of Muḥammad as the messenger of God, the last and final prophet.
^ F. E. Peters (2009). "Allāh". In John L. Esposito (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001. ISBN 9780195305135. the Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based [...] on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of humankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses, Jesus, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the "Peoples of the Book."
^ Quran 19:53
^ Quran 19:41
^ Quran 9:70
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Quran 2:124
^ Quran 87:19
^ Quran 22:43
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Quran 42:13
^ Quran 2:31
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Quran 6:89
^ Quran 17:55
^ Quran 37:123
^ Quran 37:124
^ Quran 19:56
^ Quran 21:85–86
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Quran 26:125
^ Quran 7:65
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Quran 19:49
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Quran 19:54
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Quran 26:178
^ Quran 7:85
^ Quran 19:30
^ Quran 4:171
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Quran 46:35
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Quran 33:7
^ Quran 57:27
^ Quran 61:6
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Quran 4:89
^ Quran 3:39
^ Quran 40:34
^ Quran 37:139
^ Quran 10:98
^ Quran 6:86
^ Quran 37:133
^ Quran 7:80
^ Quran 26:107
^ Quran 26:105
^ Page 50 "As early as Ibn Ishaq (85–151 AH) the biographer of Muhammad, the Muslims identified the Paraclete – referred to in John's ... "to give his followers another Paraclete that may be with them forever" is none other than Muhammad."
^ Quran 33:40
^ Quran 33:40
^ Quran 42:7
^ Quran 7:158
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Quran 19:51
^ Quran 53:36
^ Quran 43:46
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Quran 26:143
^ Quran 7:73

External links[]

[1] quran.com, Quran Surah Al-Baqara ( Verse 255 )

[2] John L. Esposito (2009). "Islam. Overview". In John L. Esposito (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001. ISBN 9780195305135. Profession of Faith [...] affirms Islam's absolute monotheism and acceptance of Muḥammad as the messenger of God, the last and final prophet.

[OEIW-allah-3] F. E. Peters (2009). "Allāh". In John L. Esposito (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001. ISBN 9780195305135. the Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based [...] on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of humankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses, Jesus, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the "Peoples of the Book."

[4] Quran 19:53

[5] Quran 19:41

[6] Quran 9:70

[Quran_2:124-7] Jump up to: ^a ^b Quran 2:124

[quran8719-8] Quran 87:19

[9] Quran 22:43

[42:13-10] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Quran 42:13

[11] Quran 2:31

[6:89-12] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Quran 6:89

[13] Quran 17:55

[14] Quran 37:123

[15] Quran 37:124

[16] Quran 19:56

[17] Quran 21:85–86

[auto-18] Jump up to: ^a ^b Quran 26:125

[19] Quran 7:65

[19:49-20] Jump up to: ^a ^b Quran 19:49

[19:54-21] Jump up to: ^a ^b Quran 19:54

[auto1-22] Jump up to: ^a ^b Quran 26:178

[23] Quran 7:85

[24] Quran 19:30

[25] Quran 4:171

[auto2-26] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Quran 46:35

[auto3-27] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Quran 33:7

[28] Quran 57:27

[29] Quran 61:6

[4:89-30] Jump up to: ^a ^b Quran 4:89

[31] Quran 3:39

[40:34-32] Quran 40:34

[33] Quran 37:139

[34] Quran 10:98

[6:86-35] Quran 6:86

[36] Quran 37:133

[37] Quran 7:80

[38] Quran 26:107

[39] Quran 26:105

[40] Page 50 "As early as Ibn Ishaq (85–151 AH) the biographer of Muhammad, the Muslims identified the Paraclete – referred to in John's ... "to give his followers another Paraclete that may be with them forever" is none other than Muhammad."

[41] Quran 33:40

[33:40-42] Quran 33:40

[43] Quran 42:7

[44] Quran 7:158

[19:51-45] Jump up to: ^a ^b Quran 19:51

[Q5336-46] Quran 53:36

[47] Quran 43:46

[auto4-48] Jump up to: ^a ^b Quran 26:143

[49] Quran 7:73

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show v t Tafsīr (Qur'anic exegesis)
Sunni	Tanwir al-Miqbas (647) Tafsir al-Tabari (~922) Tafsir al-Maturidi (~944) Tafsir al-Tha'labi (~1035) Tafsir al-Baghawi (~1122) Tafsir Ibn Atiyya (~1147) Tafsir al-Razi (~1209) Tafsir al-Qurtubi (~1273) Tafsir al-Baydawi (~1286) Tafsir al-Nisaburi (~1328) Tafsir Ibn Kathir (~1370) Tafsir al-Jalalayn (1460–1505) Al-Dur al-Manthur (~1505) Tafsir Ibn Ajiba (~1809) Tafsir al-Mazhari (~1810) Tafsir al-Alusi (~1854) Tafsir Zia ul Quran (1918–1998) The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary (1934-1938) Ma'ariful Qur'an (~1976) Tafsir Ibn Ashur (~1984) Risale-i Nur (1910-1950) The Majestic Quran: An English Rendition of Its Meanings (1992) Tafsir al-Mishbah (2001) The Qur'an with Annotated Interpretation in Modern English (~2006) (~2008) Tauzeeh Al-Qur'an (~2009)
Mu'tazili	Al-Kashshaaf (~1144)
Shi'a	Tafsir Imam al-Sadiq (662~727) Tafsir Furat Kufi (~900) Tafsir Ayyashi (~920) Tafsir Qomi (~920) Al-Burhan Fi Tafsir al-Quran (~1067) Al-Tibbyan Fi Tafsir al-Quran (~1067) Al-Burhan (~1099) Tafsir Numani (~1099) Majma' al-Bayan (~1150) Tafsīr Abū al- Futūḥ (~1199) Tafsir Gazur (1377~1341) Al-Mohit al-azam (1375~1376) Menhaj Al-Sadeghin (~1499) Tafsir Safi (~1680) Tafsir Noor al-Thaqalayn (~1680) Tafsir Shobar (~1826) Bayan al-Sa‘ada (~1899) Tafsir Novin (1907~1987) Tafsir Nemooneh (1926~) Tasneem Tafsir (1933~) The Holy Quran (1973) Partovi az Quran (~1979) Makhzan al-Irfan (1877–1983) Tafsir al-Mizan (1892–1981) Tafsir Rahnama (1976~) Tafsir Hedayat (1984) Al-Bayan Fi Tafsir al-Quran (1992) Tafsir Noor (1997) Tafsir Roshan (~1999) Al Kauthar fi Tafsir Al Quran (2014) Tafsir Meshkat (?)
Ahmadi	Haqaiq al-furqan (1914) Tafseer-e-Kabeer (1940) Tafseer-e-Sagheer (1940~) The 5 Volume Commentary (1963)
Others	The Message of The Qur'an (1980) Tafsir Urwa-Tul-Wusqa (?) Fi Zilal al-Quran (1951-1965) Tafsir al-Manar (1865-1935) Tafhim-ul-Quran (1942-1972) Tazkirul Quran (1983) Tadabbur-i-Quran (1904-1997) Tafsir Ishraq Al-Ma'ani (1944~)
List of tafsir works

show v t Muslim scholars of the Maliki School
by century (AH CE)
2nd/8th	Malik ibn Anas (founder of the school) Ibn al-Qasim Ibn Wahb Ali ibn Ziyad
3rd/9th	Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam Asad ibn al-Furat Yahya ibn Yahya al-Laythi Sahnun
4th/10th	Abu Imran al-Fasi Ibn Abi Zayd Sidi Mahrez Abu al-Arab
5th/11th	Al-Baqillani Ibn 'Abd al-Barr Al-Baji Al-Lakhmi Qadi 'Abd al-Wahhab Al-Lamti
6th/12th	At-Turtushi Al-Maziri Qadi Ayyad Averroes Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi Ibn Barrajan Al-Suhayli Al-Tamimi
7th/13th	Ibn Ata Allah Al-Qurtubi Al-Qarafi Al-Azafi Al-Qattan Ibn Rushayd Al-Zarwili
8th/14th	Ibn al-Haj Ibn Farhun Ash-Shatibi Ibn Juzayy Khalil ibn-Ishaq Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Fasi Al-Sakkak
9th/15th	Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi Ibn Marzuq Ibn al-Azraq Ibn 'Arafa Ibn Khaldun Ibn Faïd Ahmad Zarruq Ibn Hilal al-Sijilmasi
10th/16th	Al-Akhdari Al-Hattab Ali ibn Qasim al-Zaqqaq Al-Wansharisi Ibn Abi Jum'ah Al-Miknasi Al-Mandjur Al-Tamgruti
11th/17th	Al-Laqani Az-Zurqani Ibn Ashir Mayyara Muhammad al-Zurqani Al-Dila'i Al-Rahman al-Fasi Al-Qadir al-Fasi
12th/18th	Al-Bannani Ad-Dardir Al-Hajj al-Fasi Al-Tawudi ibn Suda Ibn al-Tayyib Al-Qasim al-Sijilmasi M'Hamed Al-Azhari
13th/19th	Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba Ad-Desouki Al Alawi Muhammad 'Ilish Ahmed Harrak Srifi Ahmed Skirej Usman dan Fodio
14th/20th	Abdallah bin Bayyah Muhammad al-Yaqoubi Muhammad ibn 'Alawi al-Maliki Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur Mohamed Fadhel Ben Achour Hamza Yusuf Othman Battikh Rashid Al Marikhi Ahmad al-Tayyeb Ahmad Karima
Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence Hanafi Hanbali Shafi'i Zahiri

show v t Muslim scholars of the Hanafi School
by century (AH CE)
2nd/8th	Abu Hanifa (founder of the school) Abu Yusuf Muhammad al-Shaybani Wakee ibn al-Jarrah Abdullah ibn Mubarak
3rd/9th	Abu Bakr al-Samarqandi Yahya ibn Ma'in Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi Isa ibn Aban Yahya ibn Aktham Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad Al-Ḫaṣṣāf
4th/10th	Abu Mansur al-Maturidi Al-Tahawi Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi Al-Jassas
5th/11th	Abu al-Husayn al-Basri Ali Hujwiri Al-Sarakhsi Al-Bazdawi Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi
6th/12th	Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi Ibn al-Malāḥimī Al-Zamakhshari Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari Yusuf Hamadani Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi Siraj al-Din al-Ushi Nur al-Din al-Sabuni Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani
7th/13th	Rumi Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi Abu Tawwama Akhi Siraj
8th/14th	Alaul Haq Al-Taftazani Akmal al-Din al-Babarti Badr al-Din al-Ayni Ibn Abi al-Izz Shams al-Din al-Fanari Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi Uthman bin Ali Zayla'i
9th/15th	Al-Sharif al-Jurjani 'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam Ali Qushji Khidr Bey
10th/16th	Ali al-Qari Ahmad Sirhindi Abdul-Haqq Dehlavi Muhammad Birgivi Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji Ebussuud Efendi Ibn Kemal Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī
11th/17th	Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi Kâtip Çelebi Khayr al-Din al-Ramli Qazi Syed Rafi Mohammad
12th/18th	Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi Murtada al-Zabidi Qadi Thanaullah Panipati Qazi Syed Inayatullah Qazi Syed Mohammad Rafi Qazi Syed Mohammad Zaman Shah Waliullah Dehlawi Shah Abdul Aziz Syed Hayatullah
13th/19th	Syed Ahmad Barelvi Mawlana Murad Haji Shariatullah Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni Ahmad Saeed Kazmi Akhtar Raza Khan Ameen Mian Qaudri Amjad Ali Aazmi Arshadul Qaudri Hamid Raza Khan Hamid Saeed Kazmi Jamaat Ali Shah ) Kaukab Noorani Okarvi Maulana Sardar Ahmad Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi Muhammad Arshad Misbahi Muhammad Fazal Karim Muhammad Fazlur Rahman Ansari Muhammad Karam Shah al-Azhari Muhammad Muneeb ur Rehman Muhammad Muslehuddin Siddiqui Muhammad Shafee Okarvi Muhammad Waqaruddin Qadri Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi Naseeruddin Naseer Gilani Sarfraz Ahmed Naeemi Shah Ahmad Noorani Shakir Ali Noori Shamsul-hasan Shams Barelvi Shihabuddeen Ahmed Koya Shaliyathi Syed Faiz-ul Hassan Shah Syed Mohammed Madni Ashraf Syed Mohammed Mukhtar Ashraf Syed Shujaat Ali Qadri Yaseen Akhtar Misbahi Ziaul Mustafa Razvi Qadri Ibn Abidin Abd Allah ibn Abbas ibn Siddiq Al-Maydani Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi Haji Dost Muhammad Qandhari Meher Ali Shah Peer Jamaat Ali Shah Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi Mahmud Hasan Deobandi Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani Shibli Nomani Hamiduddin Farahi Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi Yusuf Ma Dexin Ashraf Ali Thanwi Qazi Mian Muhammad Amjad
14th/20th	Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi Syed Shujaat Ali Qadri Abrarul Haq Haqqi Izaz Ali Amrohi Wajihullah Muhammad Masihullah Khan Muhammad Yusuf Kandhlawi Muhammad Zahid al-Kawthari Muhammad Abu Zahra Muntakhib al-Haqq Ashraf Ali Thanwi Abul Wafa Al Afghani Mahmood Hasan Gangohi Anwar Shah Kashmiri Muhammad Shafi Usmani Shabbir Ahmad Usmani Muhammad Sahool Bhagalpuri Amin Ahsan Islahi Shabbir Ahmad Usmani Abd Allah Siraj Abdul Haq Akorwi Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi Muhammad Taqi Amini Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi Inamul Hasan Kandhlawi
15th/21st	Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani Asjad Raza Khan Khadim Hussain Rizvi Qamaruzzaman Azmi Madni Miyan Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri Ilyas Qadri Muhammad Raza Saqib Mustafai Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni Asad Muhammad Saeed as-Sagharji Azizul Haque Ghulam Rasool Jamaati Iftikhar-ul-Hasan Kandhlawi Muhammad Idrees Dahiri Nurul Islam Farooqi Shah Saeed Ahmed Raipuri Yusuf Motala Yusuf Ziya Kavakçı Amer Jamil Faraz Rabbani Muhammad Abdul Malek Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri Noor Alam Khalil Amini Muhammad Taqi Usmani Muhibbullah Babunagari A F M Khalid Hossain Mahmudul Hasan Abdul Halim Bukhari Nurul Islam Jihadi Mahfuzul Haque Rezaul Karim
Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence Hanbali Maliki Shafi'i Zahiri

show v t Muslim scholars of the Hanbali School
by century (AH CE)
3rd/9th	Ahmad ibn Hanbal (founder of the school) Abu Dawood Ibrahim ibn Ya'qub al-Juzajani
4th/10th	Abu Bakr al-Ajurri Abu Bakr al-Khallal Al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Barbahari Ibn Battah Ibn Manda
5th/11th	Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la Ibn Aqil Khwaja Abdullah Ansari
6th/12th	Abdul-Razzaq Gilani Abdul Qadir Gilani Awn al-Din ibn Hubayra Hammad al-Harrani Ibn al-Jawzi Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi
7th/13th	Zayn al-Din al-Amidi Diya al-Din al-Maqdisi Ibn Qudamah
8th/14th	Ibn Hamdan Ibn Taymiyyah Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya Ibn Abd al-Hadi Ibn Muflih Ibn Rajab
11th/17th	Al-Bahūtī Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali Mar'i al-Karmi
12th/18th	Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Saffarini
14th/20th	Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz Abdul-Rahman al-Sa'di Ibn Humaid Muhammad ibn al-Uthaymeen
15th/21st	Abdullah Ibn Jibreen Abdul Rahman Al-Sudais Saeed Abubakr Zakaria Saleh Al-Fawzan Saud Al-Shuraim
Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence Hanafi Maliki Shafi'i Zahiri

show v t Shafi`i School
by century (AH / AD)
2nd/8th	Al-Shafi'i (founder of the school) Al-Muzani
3rd/9th	Al-Ash'ari Al-Humaydi Al-Nasai Fakr ad-Din Harith al-Muhasibi Ibn al-Mundhir Ibn Khuzaymah Ibn Majah Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
4th/10th	Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi Abu Nuaym Abu Talib al-Makki Al-Daraqutni Al-Hakim Nishapuri Ibn Furak
5th/11th	Ahmad Ghazali Al-Tha'labi Al-Baghawi Al-Bayhaqi Al-Juwayni Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi Al-Mawardi Al-Qushayri
6th/12th	Ahmed al-Rifa`i Al-Ghazali Al-Shahrastani Fakhr al-Din al-Razi Ibn Abi'l-Dam Ibn al-Salah Ibn `Asakir Sayf al-Din al-Amidi Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi Abu Tahir as-Silafi
7th/13th	Ahmad al-Badawi Al-Baydawi Al-Nawawi Ibn Abil-Hadid Ibn Daqiq al-Id Ibn Khallikan Izz al-Din ibn Abd al-Salam Safi-ad-din Ardabili Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Mizzi Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn
8th/14th	Safi al-Din al-Hindi Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri Ali ibn Abu Bakr al-Haythami Al-Dhahabi Badr Ad-Din az-Zarkashi Ibn al-Jazari Ibn Kathir Taftazani Taj al-Din al-Subki Taqi al-Din al-Subki Zain al-Din al-Iraqi
9th/15th	Al-Qastallani Al-Sakhawi Al-Mahalli Al-Suyuti Ali ibn Ahmad al-Samhudi Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani Ibn Nuhaas Zakariyya al-Ansari
10th/16th	Al-Khaṭib ash-Shirbiniy Al-Sha`rani Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
11th/17th	Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad
13th/19th	Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi Ahmad Zayni Dahlan Abd Al-Rahman bin Ahmad al-Zayla`i Ibrahim al-Bajuri Shaykh Sufi Uways al-Barawi Yusuf al-Nabhani
14th/20th	Abd al-Aziz Madani Abd al-Malik Karim Amrullah Abdallah al-Qutbi Abdullah al-Harari Afifi al-Akiti Ahmad Shafi'i Ma'arif Ahmed Kuftaro Ali al-Jifri Ali Gomaa Awn al-Qaddumi Cherussery Zainuddeen Musliyar Gibril Haddad Hashim Muzadi K. Ali Kutty Musliyar Kanthapuram A. P. Abu Bakr Musliyar Muhammad bin Yahya al-Ninowy Muhammad Salim al-Awa Nuh Ha Mim Keller Said Nursî Sayyid Ibrahim Khalil al-Bukhari Sayyid Muhammad Jifri Muthukkoya Thangal Sayyid Muhammad Naqib al-Attas Taha Jabir Alalwani Umar bin Hafiz Wahbah al-Zuhayli Zaid Shakir
Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence Hanafi Hanbali Maliki Zahiri

show v t Muslim scholars of the Zahiri School
Medieval	Dawud al-Zahiri (founder of the school) Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati Abd Allah al-Qaysi Abu Bakr Ibn Sayyid al-Nās Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati Al-Humaydī Al-Qassab Ibn Abi Asim Ibn al-Mughallis Ibn Dihya al-Kalby Ibn Hazm Ibn Maḍāʾ Ibn Tahir of Caesarea Muhammad bin Dawud al-Zahiri Mundhir ibn Sa'īd al-Ballūṭī Niftawayh Ruwaym
Contemporary	Abdul Aziz al-Harbi Abu Abd al-Rahman Ibn Aqil al-Zahiri Abu Turab al-Zahiri Ihsan Abbas Muhammad Abu Khubza Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali
Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence Hanafi Hanbali Maliki Shafi'i

show v t Shia Imams
Twelver	Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin Muhammad al-Baqir Ja'far al-Sadiq Musa al-Kadhim Ali al-Ridha Muhammad al-Jawad Ali al-Hadi Hasan al-Askari Hujjat Allah al-Mahdi^§
Tayyibi	Ali ("Asās" or "Wāsih" of Nabi Muhammad) Hasan Husayn al-Sajjad al-Baqir Jafar al-Sādiq Ismā'il Muhammad Abadullāh (Wāfi Ahmad) Ahmad (Tāqi Muhammad) Husayn (Rādhi Abdullāh) Abdallah al-Mahdi al-Qa'im Isma'il al-Mansur Ma'add al-Mu'izz Nizar al-Aziz Mansur al-Hakim Ali al-Zahir Ma'add al-Mustansir Ahmad al-Musta'li Mansur al-Amir Abu'l-Qasim al-Tayyib^§
Nizari	Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin Muhammad al-Baqir Ja'far al-Sadiq Isma'il ibn Ja'far Muhammad ibn Isma'il Ahmad al-Wafi Muhammad at-Taqi Abdullah ar-Radi Abdallah al-Mahdi al-Qa'im Isma'il al-Mansur Ma'add al-Mu'izz Nizar al-Aziz Mansur al-Hakim Ali al-Zahir Ma'add al-Mustansir Nizar ^§ ^§ ^§ Hasan II Nur al-Din Muhammad II Jalal al-Din Hasan III Ala al-Din Muhammad III Rukn al-Din Khurshah Shams al-Din Muhammad Qasim Shah Islam Shah Muhammad ibn Islam Shah al-Mustansir Billah II Abd al-Salam Shāh Gharib Mirza Abu Dharr Ali Murād Mīrzā Dhulfiqar Ali Nur al-Din Ali Khalilullah II Ali Nizar II as-Sayyid Ali Hasan Ali Qasim Ali Abu'l-Hasan Ali Shāh Khalīlullāh III Aga Khan I Aga Khan II Aga Khan III Aga Khan IV
^§ in occultation

show v t Islamic honored women
Generations of Adam	Hawwa
Generations of Ibrāhīm and his sons	Sarah Hājar Rafqā Rāḥīl
Generation of Mūsa	Asiya Yukabad Maryam Ṣaffūrah
Reign of Kings	Bathsheba Bilquis, the Queen of Sheba
House of Imran	Hannah Mariam Alyassabat
Time of Muhammad	Aminah Halimah al-Sa'diyah Mothers of the Believers Khadija Aisha Fatimah Zaynab bint Ali
Early Sufism	Rabia al-Adawiyya

show v t Rulers of the Ayyubid dynasty
Sultans of Egypt (1171–1250)	Saladin al-Aziz Uthman al-Mansur Nasir al-Din al-Adil I al-Kamil al-Adil II as-Salih Ayyub al-Muazzam Turanshah Shajar al-Durr al-Ashraf Musa
Emirs of Damascus (1174–1260)	Saladin al-Afdal al-Adil I al-Mu'azzam Isa an-Nasir Dawud al-Ashraf Musa as-Salih Ismail as-Salih Ayyub al-Muazzam Turanshah an-Nasir Yusuf
Emirs of Aleppo (1177–1260)	az-Zahir Ghazi al-Aziz Muhammad Dayfa Khatun (regent) an-Nasir Yusuf
Emirs of Homs (1175–1262)	Asad ad-Din Shirkuh Muhammad ibn Shirkuh al-Mujahid al-Mansur Ibrahim al-Ashraf Musa
Emirs of Hama (1175–1341)	al-Muzaffar I Umar al-Mansur I Muhammad al-Nasir Kilij Arslan al-Muzaffar II Mahmud al-Mansur II Muhammad al-Muzaffar III Mahmud al-Mu'ayyad Abu al-Fida al-Afdal Muhammad
Emirs of Diyar Bakr (1180–1260)	al-Awhad Ayyub al-Ashraf Musa al-Muzaffar Ghazi al-Kamil Muhammad
Emirs of Yemen and Hejaz (1173–1228)	Turan-Shah Tughtakin ibn Ayyub al-Mas'ud Yusuf
Emirs of Baalbek (1175–1260)	Ibn al-Muqaddam Turan-Shah Farrukhshah Bahramshah al-Ashraf Musa as-Salih Ismail as-Salih Ayyub Saʿd al-Din al-Humaidi an-Nasir Yusuf

show v t Mamluk Sultans of Cairo
Salihi Mamluks	Izz ad-Din Aybak (1250–1257) Nur ad-Din Ali (1257–1259) Sayf ad-Din Qutuz (1259–1260)
Bahri dynasty	Rukn ad-Din Baybars (1260–1277) Nasir ad-Din Barakah (1277–1279) Badr ad-Din Salamish (1279) Sayf ad-Din Qalawun (1279–1290) Salah ad-Din Khalil (1290–1293) Nasir ad-Din Muhammad (1293–1294) Zayn ad-Din Kitbugha (1294–1296) Husam ad-Din Lajin (1296–1299) Nasir ad-Din Muhammad (1299–1309) Rukn ad-Din Baybars al-Jashnakir (1309–1310) Nasir ad-Din Muhammad (1310–1341) Sayf ad-Din Abu Bakr (1341) Ala'a ad-Din Kujuk (1341–1342) Shihab ad-Din Ahmad (1342) Imad ad-Din Abu'l Fida Isma'il (1342–1345) Sayf ad-Din Sha'ban (1345–1346) Sayf ad-Din Hajji (1346–1347) Badr ad-Din Hasan (1347–1351) Salah ad-Din Salih (1351–1354) Badr ad-Din Hasan (1354–1361) Salah ad-Din Muhammad (1361–1363) Zayn ad-Din Sha'ban (1363–1377) Ala'a ad-Din Ali (1377–1381) Salah ad-Din Hajji (1381–1382)
Burji dynasty	Sayf ad-Din Barquq (1382–1389) As-Salih Hajji (1389–1390) Sayf ad-Din Barquq (1390–1399) Nasir ad-Din Faraj (1399–1405) Izz ad-Din Abd al-Aziz (1405) Nasir ad-Din Faraj (1405–1412) Al-Musta'in Billah (1412) Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh (1412–1421) Al-Muzaffar Ahmad (1421) Sayf ad-Din Tatar (1421) An-Nasir ad-Din Muhammad (1421–1422) Sayf ad-Din Barsbay (1422–1438) Al-Aziz Jamal ad-Din Yusuf (1438) Sayf ad-Din Jaqmaq (1438–1453) Fakhr ad-Din Uthman (1453) Sayf ad-Din Inal (1453–1461) Shihab ad-Din Ahmad (1461) Sayf ad-Din Khushqadam (1461–1467) Sayf ad-Din Bilbay (1467) Timurbugha (1467–1468) Sayf ad-Din Qa'itbay (1468–1496) An-Nasir Muhammad (1496–1498) Abu Sa'id Qansuh (1498–1500) Al-Ashraf Janbalat (1500–1501) Sayf ad-Din Tumanbay (1501) Qansuh al-Ghawri (1501–1516) Tumanbay II (1516–1517)

Islam
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Muhammad[]

Sahabah[]

Umar[]

Uthman[]

Denominational specifics[]

Sunni Islam[]

Deobandi[]

Barelvi[]

Shia Islam[]

Imami Twelver[]

Imami Ismailism[]

Alevism[]

Ahmadiyya[]

Islamism[]

Modernist Salafism[]

Salafi movement[]

Sufism[]

List of Muslims by topic[]

Historical[]

Denominational / religious-related occupational[]

Professional[]

Regional[]

See also[]

References[]

External links[]