Lolopo language

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Not to be confused with Lipo language.
Lolopo
Central Yi
Native toChina
EthnicityYi
Native speakers
570,000 (2002–2007)[2]
Language family
Sino-Tibetan
Writing system
Yi script
Language codes
ISO 639-3ycl – inclusive code
Individual code:
ysp – Southern Lolopo[1]
Glottologlolo1259

Lolopo (autonyms: lɔ21 lo33 pʰɔ21, lo31 lo31 pʰo31; Chinese: 倮倮泼; Central Yi) is a Loloish language spoken by half a million Yi people of China. Chinese linguists call it "Central Yi" as well, which is one of the six Yi languages recognized by the government of China.

Names[]

Lolo speakers are referred to by a variety of exonyms. Below is a list of exonyms followed by their respective autonyms and demographics.[3]

  • Mili: lo21 lo33 pʰo21 (spoken by about 12,000 people in Jingdong County). Also called Alie.
  • Enipu 厄尼蒲 (ɣɯ55 ni21 pa̠21 'water buffalo people', an offensive exonym used by Lalo speakers): lo21 lo33 pʰo21 (spoken in Nanjian County). Spoken by nearly 20,000 people in Weishan County (Qinghua Township) and Nanjian County (in Wuliang, Xiaowandong, and Langcang townships)
  • Tu 土 (Tuzu 土族): lo21 lo33 pʰo21 (spoken by nearly 10,000 people in southern Xiangyun County)
  • Qiangyi 羌夷: lɔ̠21 lɔ33 sɨ55 (spoken by nearly 15,000 people in northern and central Xiangyun County)
  • Eastern Lalu: lo̠21 lo̠33 (spoken by nearly 20,000 people in Xinping County and Zhenyuan County)
  • Lolo (of northeastern Binchuan County): lo̠21 lo33 pʰo21
  • Xiangtang 香堂 (spoken in Zhenkang County). Widespread distribution in Jinggu, Zhenyuan, Pu'er, Jiangcheng, Mengla, Jinghong, and Zhenkang counties, with perhaps under 80,000 speakers.
  • Lolo (of Nanhua County): lo̠21 lo̠33 pʰo21
  • Lolo (of Yao'an County): lo21 la33 pʰo21
  • Wotizo: wɔ21 ti33 zɔ21 (Yang 2010:7)[4]

Classification[]

Yang (2011) proposes this tentative internal classification of Lolo.

  • Southern Lolo (?)
    • Western Lolo (Southern Lolopo in Ethnologue, ISO 639 ysp)
    • Xiangtang
    • Jingdong Lolo (Mili)
  • Southern Dali Lolo (Enipu)
  • Nanhua Lolo
    • Eastern Lalu
    • Tu
  • Binchuan Lolo (?)
  • Yao'an Lolo (Qiangyi) (?)

The Chuxiong Prefecture Ethnic Gazetteer (2013:364)[5] lists the following cognacy percentages between Lolopo 罗罗濮 and other Yi languages in Chuxiong Prefecture.

  • Ache 阿车: 74.86% (211/282)
  • Chesu 车苏: 55% (155/282)
  • Luowu 罗武: 75.89% (214/282)
  • Shansu 山苏: 78.4% (221/282)
  • Lipo 里濮: 93.36% (253/271)

Phonology[]

Consonants[]

Labial Alveolar Post-
alveolar 		Palatal Velar Glottal
Stop voiceless p t k ʔ
aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ
voiced b d ɡ
Affricate voiceless ts tʃ
aspirated tsʰ tʃʰ
voiced dz dʒ
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ x
voiced v z ʝ ɣ
Nasal m n ŋ
Lateral l~ɮ
Semivowel w
  • /m, n, ŋ/ before stops and fricatives are heard as syllabic sounds [m̩, ɱ̍], [n̩], and [ŋ̍].
  • /l/ is also heard in free variation as a voiced lateral fricative [ɮ].

Vowels[]

Front Back
unrd. rnd.
Close i, i̠ ɯ, ɯ̠
Near-close ʊ, ʊ̠
Mid e, e̠ o, o̠
Near-open æ, æ̠
Open a, a̠
Diphthongs
Front Back
Mid ʲo, ʲo̠
Open ʲɛ, ʲæ̠ ʲa, ʲa̠
  • Sounds /ʊ, ʊ̠/ are pronounced as syllabic consonants [z̩ʷ, z̠̩ʷ] when following alveolar sibilants, and as [v̩, v̠̩] when following /d/ in a low [˨] tone syllable.
  • Sounds /i, i̠/ are heard as syllabic consonants [z̩, z̠̩] when following alveolar sibilants.
  • Sounds /ɯ, ɯ̠/ are heard as central sounds [ə, ə̠] when following alveolar consonants.
  • /æ/ is heard as open-mid [ɛ] following alveolar plosives /t, d, ts, dz/, a palatal fricative /ʝ/, and within palatalized diphthongs /ʲ/.[6]

Tones[]

Name Pitch Symbol
Low 21 ˨
Mid 33 ˧
High 55 ˦

References[]

  1. ^ Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
  2. ^ Lolopo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Southern Lolopo[1] at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  3. ^ Yang, Cathryn. 2011. Assessment of the Lolo languages: Current understanding and recommended next steps. m.s.
  4. ^ Yang, Cathryn. 2010. Lalo regional varieties: Phylogeny, dialectometry, and sociolinguistics. Melbourne: La Trobe University PhD dissertation. http://arrow.latrobe.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.9/153015.
  5. ^ 楚雄彝族自治州民族事务委员会编. 2013. 楚雄彝族自治州民族志. 云南民族出版社.
  6. ^ Merrifield, W. Scott (2012). Yáo'ān Central Yi Phonology. SIL.

External links[]

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