Mandailing language

A Mandailing script, pre-1800s.

Mandailing or Mandailing Batak is an Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, the northern island of Sumatra. It is spoken mainly in Mandailing Natal Regency, North Padang Lawas Regency, Padang Lawas Regency, and eastern parts of Labuhan Batu Regency, North Labuhan Batu Regency, South Labuhan Batu Regency and northwestern parts of Riau Province. It is written using the Latin script but historically used Batak script.

Literature[]

Classical[]

Mandailing literary art is transmitted through a distinctive tradition, for example through the following media:^[2]

1. Marturi Tradition tells the story in the social context Mandailing is done verbally. Stories are transmitted from generation to generation. The plot uses advanced grooves and a lot of content about manners.
2. Ende Ungut-Ungut Distinguished Differentiated on the theme. Ende is an expression of the heart, a change due to various things, such as the misery of life due to death, abandonment, and others. It also contains knowledge, advice, moral teachings, kinship system, and so on. Ende laments use the pattern of rhymes with ab-ab or aa-aa. Attachments usually use a lot of plant names, because the language leaves.

Example :

Colonial period[]

Some of the literary milestones that developed in the colonial period include:

1. Willem Iskander (1840-1876) wrote the book
   • "Hendrik Nadenggan Roa, Sada Boekoe Basaon ni Dakdanak" (Translations). Padang: Van Zadelhoff and Fabritius (1865).
   • "Leesboek van W.C. Thurn in het Mandhelingsch Vertaald. "Batavia: Landsdrukkerij (1871).
   • "Si Bulus-bulus Si Rumbuk-rumbuk" (1872).
   • "Taringot ragam ni Parbinotoan dohot Sinaloan ni Alak Eropa." This text is adapted from the book "The Story of the Science of the White Persons" written by Abdullah Munsyi, a Malay linguist and linguist (1873).
2. Soetan Martua Raja (Siregar). He was born from an aristocratic family in Bagas Lombang Sipirok, an educated HIS, an elite school in Pematang Siantar. His work is:
   • "Hamajuon" (Elementary School Reading Material).
   • "Doea Sadjoli: Boekoe Siseon ni Dakdanak di Sikola." (1917). This book raises the critique of children's thinking. Written in Latin script (Soerat Oelando) which is relatively developed secular pedagogy. This book adopts a poda, a kind of storyteller that contains advice, moral teaching in the context of children's thinking level.
   • "Ranto Omas" (Golden Chain), 1918.
3. Soetan Hasoendoetan (Sipahutar), novelist and journalist. His works:
   • Turi-Turian (story tells, tells the relationship of interaction between man and the ruler of the sky).
   • "Sitti Djaoerah: Padan Djandji na Togoe." (1927-1929), an Angkola Mandailing-language series which is chained in 457 pages. The series is published in the weekly "Pustaha" published in Sibolga. This story is believed to be the reason readers buy the newspaper. The series adopts epic tales, turi-turian, and various social terminology of Angkola-Mandailing society and is written in novel style. This is in line with the development of Malay-language novels published by the colonial government. In the history of Indonesian literature, this period is known as the Angkatan Balai Pustaka or Angkatan 20's. Soetan Hasundutan said that he wrote the novel because it was inspired by the novel "Siti Nurbaja" (Marah Rusli, 1922) which was very popular at that time.
   • "Datoek Toengkoe Adji Malim Leman." (1941), published by Sjarief, Pematang Siantar.
4. Mangaradja Goenoeng Sorik Marapi, wrote the book “Turian-turian ni Raja Gorga di Langit dohot Raja Suasa di Portibi.” This book is published Pustaka Murni, Pematang Siantar titled 1914.
5. Sutan Pangurabaan. His work, "Ampang Limo Bapole." (1930), "Parkalaan Tondoeng" (1937), "Parpadanan" (1930), and a Malay book "Mentjapai Doenia Baroe" (1934). In addition to books written by Willem Iskander, his books also became a reading book for colonial school.
6. Soetan Habiaran Siregar explores the languages, dances, and songs that come from Angkola-Mandailing. He writes several royalties, among others: : “Turi-turian ni Tunggal Panaluan”, “Panangkok Saring-Saring tu Tambak na Timbo” (1983), and others. In addition, he also made a composition of songs made using the composition of cha-cha rhythmic beat.

In addition to Mandailing Angkola's literary language, it is important to note the growth of Malay-language Indonesian literature but by adopting local color. For example the novel "Azab dan Sengsara" (1921) written by Merari Siregar. This novel lifts contextual customs and cultures such as forced marriage, inheritance, kinship relations, and the local traditions of Mandailing-Angkola.^[2]

Contemporary[]

Contemporary Mandailing literature is no longer developed since pre-independence, as the changing national education curriculum using the National language by itself erodes the use of Mandailing languages.^[2]

Entertainment[]

Literature in lyrics and musical drama Mandailing language include:

• The musical drama of the 1970s in a tape cassette recorder.
• Drama "Sampuraga namaila marina".
• Mandailing song album in vcd fragment of early period.
• Album of Tapsel, Madina, Palas and Paluta.^[2]

Variety[]

Pangaduan Lubis proposes that Mandailing has five registers, each having a distinct vocabulary:^[3]

1. Hata somal is the variety of language that is used in everyday life.
2. Hata andung is a form of literary language used in the tradition of mangandung (wailing) at traditional ceremonies of marriage or death.
3. Hata teas dohot jampolak is the kind of language used in quarrels or berate.
4. Hata si baso is a variety of language used specifically by the baso (figure shaman) or datu.
5. Hata parkapur is the kind of language that Mandailing people used in the past when they searched for camphor.^[4]

Examples of vocabulary:

In the past Mandailing people also had a particular communication tool or kind of language called Hata bulung-bulung (foliage language). This language is not a symbol of sound but uses the leaves of plants as a symbol.^[5][3]

Numbers[]

Question[]

Sources[]

• (in English) Adelaar, Alexander, The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar: A Historical Perspective, The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar, pp. 1–42, Routledge Language Family Series, Londres: Routledge, 2005, ISBN 0-7007-1286-0
• (in Indonesian) Siregar, Ahmad Samin, Kamus Bahasa Angkola/Mandailing Indonesia, Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan Dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 1977.

References[]

External links[]

• Iskander, W. (1872). Si-boeloes-boeloes, Si-roemboek-roemboek, Sada boekoe basaon (in Batak Mandailing). Retrieved 27 September 2018.
• Kamus Mandailing
• "contoh kalimat dalam bahasa mandailing dan artinya (Kamus Online mandailing) Tapsel". Kakatawa.Com - Media hiburan, Tutorial dan cara-cara yang berguna Bagi Semua (in Indonesian). Retrieved 18 September 2018.

Mandailing language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator