Mangur (tribe)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Mangur is one of the largest Kurdish tribes of western Iran. Historically semi-nomadic and war-like, they are native to a basin on the little Zab river called “Mangurayeti”[1][2][3] in Mukriyan[4][5] and also inhabit the districts and cities of Sardasht, Piranshahr, Mahabad, Pshdar District.[6]

Mangur was one of the Kurdish tribes in the Bolbas Federation.[7] The others were: , , , Herki and Shekâk.[8]

A tableau portrait of Khanum Aryana, a Kurdish noblewoman of likely Mangur origin, dressed formally in traditional Mukriyani Kurdish Attire

Sub-tribes[]

The Mangurs are divided in six different matronymic sub-tribes based on, and named after, their respective foremother. The relationship between these six ancestral mothers is vague and unclear though traditionally they are believed to be either sister-wives or biological sisters. The clan names are as follows:[9]

  • Amān
  • Šamʿ
  • Zīn
  • Zarrīn
  • Ḵeder
  • Morowwat

The 'Amān,' 'Šamʿ,' 'Zīn,' 'Zarrīn,' and 'Ḵeder' clans are mostly based in Piranshahr and Sardasht while the 'Morowwat' clan is based in Mahabad. The largest of these sub-tribes is the 'Morowwat' clan.[10] Historically, these sub-tribes acted as their own tribe and were constantly at war with each other and disunited.[11]

History[]

Mangur chieftains

In the winter of 1928-29 the Mangur, the Mâmash and other tribes rebelled against Reza Shah and occupied Sardasht though they lacked the forces to extend the revolt more widely.[12][13] The Mangur were among the tribes to initially back the Soviet-backed Republic of Mahabad in 1946. However support for the republic soon fell after the withdrawal of Russia. The Mangur Tribe, and other surrounding tribes withdrew their support.[14]

Pre-marital romance was tolerated by the Mangurs, as well as other Bolbas tribes, although it was almost always expected the couple soon elope and marry. Most Bolbas women had been in at least one love marriage in their life and it is considered an honor. This caused conflict with the surrounding settled-feudalistic Mokri tribe,[15] whom measured a woman's honor in delicacy and modesty rather than strength and stubbornness, who promoted the ban of this practice.[16][17]

References[]

  1. ^ van Bruinessen, Martin (1992). Agha, Shaikh and State. the University of Michigan: Bloomsbury Academic. p. 88. ISBN 9781856490184.
  2. ^ Naval Intelligence Division (3 September 2014). Iraq & The Persian Gulf. Taylor & Francis. p. 377.
  3. ^ Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (1908). The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (Volume 38 ed.). Harvard University: The Institute. p. 457.
  4. ^ Ates, Sabri (October 21, 2013). Ottoman-Iranian Borderlands. Cambridge University Press. p. 235.
  5. ^ Mangurayeti http://www.mangurayeti.com. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. ^ "KURDISH TRIBES – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2019-10-20.
  7. ^ Minorsky, V. (1957). "Mongol Place-Names in Mukri Kurdistan". Mongolica. 19 (1): 75. JSTOR 609632.
  8. ^ "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". Iranica Online.
  9. ^ "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". Iranica Online.
  10. ^ "KURDISH TRIBES – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2019-10-20.
  11. ^ Harris, Walter (1896). From Batum to Baghdad. Harvard University: W. Blackwood and sons. p. 196.
  12. ^ David McDowall (2004-05-14). A Modern History of the Kurds. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-85043-416-0.
  13. ^ Stephanie Cronin (2007-01-24). Tribal Politics in Iran: Rural Conflict and the New State, 1921-1941. Routledge. pp. 116–. ISBN 978-1-134-13801-2.
  14. ^ E. O'Ballance (1995-12-18). The Kurdish Struggle, 1920-94. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 29–. ISBN 978-0-230-37742-4.
  15. ^ Brill, E J (1993). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill. p. 188. ISBN 9789004097933.
  16. ^ Hyndman, Jennifer; Giles, Wenona (June 28, 2004). Sites of Violence. University of California Press. pp. 124–125. ISBN 9780520237919.
  17. ^ Najmabadi, Afsaneh; Joseph, Suad (2003). Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures (Volume 2 ed.). Brill. p. 215.
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