Piranshahr
Piranshahr
پیرانشهر | |
|---|---|
City | |
 | |
  Piranshahr | |
| Coordinates: 36°41′40″N 45°08′30″E / 36.69444°N 45.14167°ECoordinates: 36°41′40″N 45°08′30″E / 36.69444°N 45.14167°E | |
| Country |  Iran |
| Province | West Azerbaijan |
| County | Piranshahr |
| Bakhsh | Central |
| Population (2016 census) | |
| • Total | 95,716 |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+4:30 (IRDT) |
| Area code(s) | +984444 |
| Website | http://www.pirancity.net |
Piranshahr (Persian: پیرانشهر; Kurdish: پیرانشار, romanized: Pîranşar) is a city located in West Azerbaijan Province in west Iran.[1] It is the capital of Piranshahr County.[2]
Piranshahr is the center of the traditional region of Mukriyan.[3][4][5]
The government's mid-year census for 2016 puts Piranshahr's population at 91,515 compared with the 1996 figure of 34,000.[6]
Etymology
According to the Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi, the name of the city is derived from the famous figure of Shahnameh Piran son of Viseh[7][8][9] Piran is a Turanian figure in Shahnameh, the national epic of Greater Iran. Beside Shahnameh, Piran is also mentioned in other sources such as Tabari and Tha'ālibī. He is the king of Khotan and the spahbed of Afrasiab, the king of Turan. He is described as a wise and intelligent man, seeking to bring peace to Iran and Turan. In old Iranian writings, Piran and Aghrirat are the only Turanians that have been described positively. Piran plays a vital role in the story of Siavash, the story of Kay Khosro and the story of Bizhan and Manizhe. In Persian culture, Piran is a symbol of wisdom.[10] It has been said that Karim Khan called Mohammad Khan Qajar "Piran Viseh".[10][11] Piran is often compared to Bozorgmehr.[9]
According to Djalal Khaleghi Motlagh, Piran may be the Median Harpagus that saved Cyrus the Great.[12]
Parsua civilization
The city of Piranshahr is a very ancient settlement. Its locale was the capital of some ancient Aryan civilizations such as Mehr, Parsua and the kingdoms of the Mannaeans.
According to Minorsky, the ancient Parsua is identical with the name of the town Pasveh, which is located in Lajan district (Bakhsh) in Piranshahr.[13] According to Minorsky, The name Persian is connected to the name of Parsua and Pasva and it is believed that the present day Persians (Persian speakers of Iran) dwelled in this district before later migrating to southern and central parts of Iran.
Pasveh is in the vicinity of Piranshahr. Pasva is a village near Piranshahr whose name, according to the Iranist Vladimir Minorsky has existed since the 9th century BC and was built by the "Parsua tribes". It was also mentioned in the records of the Assyrian ruler Shalmaneser III (reign 858-824 BC).[14]
Climate
Piranshahrs climate is classed under the Köppen climate classification as a Mediterranean climate (Csa) with continental influences.
| Climate data for Piranshahr, Iran | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 24.0 (75.2) |
26.0 (78.8) |
31.0 (87.8) |
33.0 (91.4) |
41.0 (105.8) |
43.0 (109.4) |
47.0 (116.6) |
46.0 (114.8) |
43.0 (109.4) |
37.0 (98.6) |
30.0 (86.0) |
24.0 (75.2) |
47.0 (116.6) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 10.9 (51.6) |
13.3 (55.9) |
17.5 (63.5) |
22.6 (72.7) |
28.9 (84.0) |
36.0 (96.8) |
39.5 (103.1) |
39.1 (102.4) |
35.0 (95.0) |
27.7 (81.9) |
19.7 (67.5) |
13.1 (55.6) |
25.3 (77.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) |
7.1 (44.8) |
11.0 (51.8) |
15.7 (60.3) |
21.2 (70.2) |
27.0 (80.6) |
30.8 (87.4) |
29.8 (85.6) |
25.3 (77.5) |
19.1 (66.4) |
12.3 (54.1) |
6.9 (44.4) |
17.6 (63.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 0.1 (32.2) |
1.4 (34.5) |
4.6 (40.3) |
8.3 (46.9) |
11.9 (53.4) |
15.4 (59.7) |
19.5 (67.1) |
18.7 (65.7) |
14.1 (57.4) |
10.0 (50.0) |
5.5 (41.9) |
1.8 (35.2) |
9.3 (48.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −14.6 (5.7) |
−11.0 (12.2) |
−11 (12) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
7.0 (44.6) |
9.2 (48.6) |
8.0 (46.4) |
4.6 (40.3) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−8.6 (16.5) |
−14.6 (5.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 86.0 (3.39) |
73.1 (2.88) |
82.5 (3.25) |
71.6 (2.82) |
36.5 (1.44) |
0.3 (0.01) |
0.1 (0.00) |
0.2 (0.01) |
1.2 (0.05) |
23.5 (0.93) |
54.3 (2.14) |
83.6 (3.29) |
512.9 (20.19) |
| Average rainy days | 11.9 | 10.7 | 12.9 | 11.0 | 6.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 4.8 | 7.6 | 10.1 | 76.5 |
| Average snowy days | 2.6 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 5.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 69 | 64 | 58 | 54 | 43 | 28 | 24 | 25 | 28 | 39 | 55 | 66 | 46.1 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 163.4 | 170.8 | 187.2 | 206.0 | 264.2 | 340.4 | 347.2 | 330.1 | 302.7 | 257.3 | 191.4 | 160.5 | 2,921.2 |
| Source: NOAA (1961-1990)[15] | |||||||||||||
Education
The main institutions of higher education in the area are Payame Noor University and Islamic Azad University.[16] The city is also home to a number of conservatories and art schools.
Demographics
According to Piranshahr's organization for Civil Registration, the highest average annual growth rate in the province is in Piranshahr.[17]
Law and government
The city's chief administrator is the mayor, who is elected by the municipal board of the city. According to Iranian laws the municipal board is periodically elected by the city residents.
Mayor: Kamran Fateh[18]
Governor: Ardavan Nasouti[19]
Friday prayer: Mamousta Mostafa Mahmoudi[20]
Majlis representative: Dr Rassoul Khezri[21]
References
- ^ "West Azerbaijan Province". Iran-China Chamber of Commerce and Industries. January 9, 2010. Archived from the original on March 4, 2017. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
- ^ "English/Iran's non-oil exports via Piranshahr customs hit $125mn in 9 months". mefa.ir. Archived from the original on 2015-01-19. Retrieved 2015-04-06.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-01-19. Retrieved 2017-03-04.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Douglass, Carl (2016-01-01). Though They Come from the Ends of the Earth: A Novel of the Iran Nuclear Weapons Interdiction Project. ISBN 9781594334597.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-12. Retrieved 2016-08-05.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "West Azerbaijan (Iran): Counties & Cities - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
- ^ Bashiri, Iraj. "Characters of Firdowsi's Shahname". Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ^ "مغز متفکر شاهنامه (تحلیلی بر شخصیت پیران ویسه)". noormags. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ^ a b "Piran in Shahnameh". Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ^ a b "Piran Viseh". Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ^ "دلبستگی موسس قاجاریه به شاهنامه/ شاهی که کریمخان وی را "پیران ویسه" نامید". IBNA.ir. 16 October 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ^ "Cyrus and Kay Khosro". Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ^ Gershevitch, I; Fisher, William Bayne; Boyle, John Andrew; Yarshater, Ehsan; Frye, Richard Nelson (1968). The Cambridge History of Iran. ISBN 9780521200912.
- ^ Minorsky, V (1957). "Mongol Place-Names in Mukri Kurdistan (Mongolica, 4)". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 19 (1): 58–81. doi:10.1017/s0041977x00119202. JSTOR 609632.
- ^ "Khoram Abad Climate Normals 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
- ^ "دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی پیرانشهر". piranshahr-iau.ac.ir. Retrieved 2015-04-06.
- ^ http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8502110201
- ^ http://picity.net/
- ^ http://www.piranshahr-ag.ir/
- ^ http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13950622000352
- ^ http://drkhezri.ir/
- Populated places in Piranshahr County
- Cities in West Azerbaijan Province
- Iranian Kurdistan
- Kurdish settlements in West Azerbaijan Province