Shekak (tribe)

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The Shekak (also Shakkak, Shikakan or Shekkāk[1]) is a Kurdish tribe present in various regions, mainly in West Azerbaijan province, Iran.

History[]

The Shikaki tribe are first mentioned in a Yezidi mişûr (manuscript) from 1207 AD, where they're mentioned as one of the tribes affiliated to , who is a Yezidi saint represented in the Yezidi religion as the Lord of sea.[2]

In the Sharafnama, they are mentioned twice. First, in the chapter on the emirate of Bohtan, as being one of the four tribes living in Finik. Second, in the chapter on the Ayyubid emirate of Hasankeyf.[3]

In a 16th-century Ottoman Defter, they are mentioned in the regions of Birecik, Kahta, Joum, Suruç and Ravendan, and called 'Taife-I Ekrâd-I Shikakî'.[4] In another Defter, they are mentioned in the region of Çemişgezek.[5]

Among the clans of the Shekak are the 'Awdoǐ[6] or Evdoyî. According to their oral history they came from Diyarbakır in the 17th Century and settled west of Lake Urmia,[6] which displaced the Donboli tribe.[7]

The first known chieftain of the 'Awdoǐ was Ismail Agha who died in 1816 and whose tomb is beside the .[7] His grandson Jafar Agha was executed as a bandit in Tabriz in 1905.[6] Jafar's brother, Simko Shikak, was allegedly responsible for leading the anti-Christian and anti-Alevite[8] massacres in the area before and during World War I and supposed organized resistance against the cruel regime of Reza Shah.[9]

Chiefs[]

  • Ismail Agha (d. 1816 or 1820)[10]
  • Ali Khan
  • Mehmed Agha
  • Timur (Teymûr) Agha
  • Jafar Agha (d. 1905)
  • Simko Agha (d. 1930)

Notes[]

  1. ^ Oberling, Pierre (20 July 2004). "Kurdish Tribes". Encyclopædia Iranica. New York. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  2. ^ Pirbari, Dimitri; Mossaki, Nodar; Yezdin, Mirza Sileman (2020-03-03). "A Yezidi Manuscript:—Mišūr of P'īr Sīnī Bahrī/P'īr Sīnī Dārānī, Its Study and Critical Analysis". Iranian Studies. 53 (1–2): 223–257. doi:10.1080/00210862.2019.1669118. ISSN 0021-0862. S2CID 214483496.
  3. ^ Şerefxanê Bedlîsî. Şerefname: Dîroka Kurdistanê. Translated by Z. Avci. Viranşehir: Azad, 2014.
  4. ^ Öztürk, Mustafa. 16.Yüzyilda Kilis, Urfa, Adiyaman ve çevresinde Cemaatler-Oymaklar. Elazig: Firat Üniversitesi Basimevi, 2004.
  5. ^ http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/188246[bare URL]
  6. ^ a b c Houtsma, M. Th.; et al. (1993). "Salmas". E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936. 4 (Reprint ed.). E.J. Brill. p. 118. ISBN 90-04-09796-1.
  7. ^ a b Houtsma, M. Th.; et al. (1993). "Shakāk". E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936. 4 (Reprint ed.). E.J. Brill. p. 290. ISBN 90-04-09796-1.
  8. ^ Izady, Mehrdad (1992). The Kurds: A Concise Handbook. Crane Russak. p. 58. ISBN 9780844817293.
  9. ^ O'Leary, Brendan; Ṣāliḥ, Khālid (2005). "The Denial, Resurrection, and Affirmation of Kurdistan". In O'Leary, Brendan; McGarry, John; Salih, Khaled (eds.). The Future of Kurdistan in Iraq. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 3-46. ISBN 0-8122-3870-2.
  10. ^ Mihemed Resûl Hawar. Simko Axayê Şikakî û Tevgera Neteweyî ya Kurd. Translated by Ziya Avci (Istanbul: Nûbihar, 2016), 190-2.
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