Martine Rothblatt

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Martine Rothblatt
Martine-Rothblatt2-5773.jpg
Rothblatt in September 2014
Born
Martin Rothblatt

(1954-10-10) October 10, 1954 (age 66)
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
EducationUniversity of California, Los Angeles (B.A., J.D, M.B.A)
Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Ph.D)
OccupationChairwoman of United Therapeutics
Spouse(s)
Bina Rothblatt
​
(m. 1982)​
[1][2]
Children4

Martine Aliana Rothblatt (born October 10, 1954)[3] is an American lawyer, author, entrepreneur, and transgender rights advocate.[4] Rothblatt graduated from University of California, Los Angeles with J.D. and M.B.A. degrees in 1981, then began to work in Washington, D.C., first in the field of communications satellite law, and eventually in life sciences projects like the Human Genome Project.[5]

She is the founder and chairwoman of the board of United Therapeutics.[6] She was also the CEO of GeoStar and the creator of SiriusXM Satellite Radio.[7] She was the top earning CEO in the biopharmaceutical industry in 2018.[8]

Early life and education[]

Born to a Jewish family in Chicago, Illinois in 1954 to Rosa Lee and Hal Rothblatt, a dentist,[1] she was raised in a suburb of San Diego, California.[9][10]

Rothblatt left college after two years and traveled throughout Europe, Turkey, Iran, Kenya, and the Seychelles. It was at the NASA tracking station in the Seychelles, during the summer of 1974, that she had her epiphany to unite the world via satellite communications.[11] She then returned to University of California, Los Angeles, graduating summa cum laude in communication studies in 1977, with a thesis on international direct-broadcast satellites.

As an undergraduate, she became a convert to Gerard K. O'Neill's "High Frontier" plan for space colonization after analyzing his 1974 Physics Today cover story on the concept as a project for Professor Harland Epps' Topics in Modern Astronomy seminar. Rothblatt subsequently became an active member of the L5 Society and its Southern California affiliate, Organization for the Advancement of Space Industrialization and Settlement (OASIS).

During her four-year J.D./M.B.A. program, also at UCLA, she published five articles on the law of satellite communications and prepared a business plan for the Hughes Space and Communications Group titled PanAmSat about how satellite spot beam technology could be used to provide communication service to multiple Latin American countries. She also became a regular contributor on legal aspects of space colonization to the OASIS newsletter.[12]

Career[]

Upon graduating from UCLA in 1981 with a joint J.D./M.B.A. degree, Rothblatt was hired by the Washington, D.C., law firm of Covington & Burling to represent the television broadcasting industry before the Federal Communications Commission in the areas of direct broadcast satellites and spread spectrum communication. In 1982, she left to study astronomy at the University of Maryland, College Park, but was soon retained by NASA to obtain FCC approval for the IEEE C band system on its tracking and data relay satellites and by the National Academy of Sciences' Committee on Radio Frequencies to safeguard before the FCC radio astronomy quiet bands used for deep space research. Later that year she was also retained as vice president by Gerard K. O'Neill to handle business and regulatory matters for his newly invented satellite navigation technology, known as the Geostar System.[13]

Rothblatt is a regulatory attorney.[14] She also served as a member of the Space Studies Institute (SSI) board of trustees.[15]

In 1984, she was retained by Rene Anselmo, founder of Spanish International Network, to implement his PanAmSat MBA thesis as a new company that would compete with the global telecommunications satellite monopoly, Intelsat. In 1986, she discontinued her astronomy studies and consulting work to become the full-time CEO of Geostar Corporation, under William E. Simon as chairman. She left Geostar in 1990 to create both WorldSpace and Sirius Satellite Radio. She left Sirius in 1992 and WorldSpace in 1997 to become the full-time Chairman and CEO of United Therapeutics.[16]

Rothblatt is responsible for launching several communications satellite companies, including the first private international spacecom project (PanAmSat, 1984), the first global satellite radio network (WorldSpace, 1990), and the first non-geostationary satellite-to-car broadcasting system (Sirius Satellite Radio, 1990).[17] Rothblatt helped pioneer airship internet services with her Sky Station project in 1997, together with Alexander Haig.[18][19] She then successfully led the effort to get the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to allocate frequencies for airship-based internet services.[20]

As an attorney-entrepreneur, Rothblatt was also responsible for leading the efforts to obtain worldwide approval, via new international treaties, of satellite orbit/spectrum allocations for space-based navigation services (1987) and for direct-to-person satellite radio transmissions (1992). She also led the International Bar Association's biopolitical project to develop a draft Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights for the United Nations (whose final version was adopted by the UNESCO on November 11, 1997, and endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly on December 9, 1998).[5][21]

Rothblatt is a well-known voice for medical and pharmaceutical innovation. In 1994, motivated by her daughter being diagnosed with life-threatening pulmonary hypertension,[22] Rothblatt entered the world of the life sciences by first creating the PPH Cure Foundation and later by founding a medical biotechnology company (United Therapeutics, 1996).[6][16] That same year, she says, she had sex reassignment surgery.[23] At that time she also began studying for a Ph.D. in medical ethics at the Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London. The degree was granted in June 2001 based upon her dissertation on the conflict between private and public interests in xenotransplantation. This thesis, defended before England's leading bioethicist John Harris, was later published by Ashgate House under the title Your Life or Mine.[24] In 2013, Rothblatt was the highest-paid female CEO in America, earning $38 million.[25]

As of April 2018, Rothblatt earned a compensation package worth $37.1 million from United Therapeutics.[26] The majority of the compensation package is for stock options.[8]

Aviation[]

(L-R) Rothblatt, OC Helicopters Pilot Ric Webb, Tier 1 Engineering President Glen Dromgoole, United Therapeutics Executive Vice President Paul Mahon before a flight test at Los Alamitos Army Airfield.

In September 2016, the world's first electric-powered full-size helicopter took flight at Los Alamitos Army Airfield.[27] This historic flight was conceived and mathematically demonstrated by Rothblatt, president of Lung Biotechnology PBC, specified and implemented by Glen Dromgoole of Tier 1 Engineering and piloted by Ric Webb of OC Helicopters.[28] The helicopter, a modified Robinson R44 weighed 2500 pounds with its test pilot, flew for five minutes, attained 400 feet and exceeded 80 knots airspeed, all completely powered by rechargeable batteries. Design and development partners in the project include Rinehart Motion Systems and Brammo, Inc.. The project which was sponsored by Lung Biotechnology PBC is the first phase in the development and production of an Electrically-Powered Semi-Autonomous Rotorcraft for Organ Delivery (EPSAROD). Lung Biotechnology PBC intends to apply the EPSAROD technology to distributing manufactured organs for transplantation to major hospitals with much less noise and carbon footprint than current technology.[29]

On February 16, 2017, Rothblatt's electric helicopter established new world records of a 30-minute duration flight and an 800-foot altitude at Los Alamitos Army Airfield.[30] At the end of the flight, the 2500 pound helicopter still had 8% state of charge remaining in its Brammo batteries. On March 4, 2017, Rothblatt and Ric Webb set a world speed record for electric helicopters of 100 knots at Los Alamitos Army Airfield under an FAA Experimental permit for tail number N3115T. This was also the first-ever flight of two people in a battery-powered helicopter.[31] On December 7, 2018, Rothblatt earned certification in the Guinness Book of World Records for the farthest distance travelled (56.82 kilometers) by an electric helicopter.[32][33]

Rothblatt is an airplane and helicopter pilot with night-vision goggle (NVG) certification. She generally pilots a Pilatus PC-12NG and a Bell 429WLG. Her other achievements in aviation include providing current weather information to all XM radio-equipped North American aircraft via her SiriusXM satellite system, and pioneering Aircraft Geolocation Tracking via her Geostar Satellite System.[11] In 2018, Rothblatt received the American Helicopter Museum and Education Center Annual Achievement Award for innovation in rotary-wing flight.[34][35] In 2019, she received the inaugural UP Leadership Award for her advances in eVTOL technology.[36][37]

Sustainable building[]

In September 2018 Rothblatt inaugurated the world's largest site net-zero office building, called the Unisphere, containing 210,000 square feet of space in Silver Spring, Maryland, powered, heated and cooled completely from on-site sustainable energy technologies.[38][39][40] This office building uses 1 MW of solar panels, fifty-two geothermal wells, a quarter mile long earth labyrinth and electrochromic glass to operate with a zero carbon footprint while graphically communicating its net energy status in real time to the building occupants.[38][40]

Personal life[]

In 1982, Rothblatt married Bina Aspen, a realtor from Compton, California.[1][2][41][42] Rothblatt and Aspen each had a child from a previous relationship and legally adopted each other's children; they went on to have two more children together.[43][44]

In 1994, at age 40, she came out as transgender and changed her name to Martine Aliana Rothblatt. She has since become a vocal advocate for transgender rights.[45]

Social activism[]

In 2004, Rothblatt launched the Terasem Movement, a transhumanist school of thought focused on promoting joy, diversity, and the prospect of technological immortality via mind uploading and geoethical nanotechnology. Through a charitable foundation, leaders of this school convene publicly accessible symposia, publish explanatory analyses, conduct demonstration projects, issue grants, and encourage public awareness and adherence to Terasem values and goals. The movement maintains a "Terasem Island" on the Internet-based virtual world Second Life, which is currently composed of two sims,[46] which was constructed by the E-Spaces company.

Rothblatt is an advocate for LGBTQ rights and an outspoken opponent of North Carolina's controversial Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act or HB-2 law.[47]

Through her blog Mindfiles, Mindware and Mindclones, she writes about "the coming age of our own cyberconsciousness and techno-immortality" and started a vlog together with Ulrike Reinhard on the same topic. She also created Lifenaut.com as a place where thousands of people could go to backup their minds.

Rothblatt contributed $258,000 to SpacePAC, a super PAC that supported her son, Gabriel, who was running as a Democrat in Florida's 8th congressional district[48] but lost.[49] Gabriel is a pastor for the Terasem Movement.[50][51][52]

Reception[]

Lawyer and bioethicist Wesley J. Smith ridiculed the feasibility of the Terasem Movement Foundation's claims to offer a free service that can "preserve one's individual consciousness so that it remains viable for possible uploading with consciousness software into a cellular regenerated or bionanotechnological body by future medicine and technology". Smith facetiously questioned whether this offer would be followed by the sale of "longevity products".[53]

Rhetorician and technocritic Dale Carrico harshly criticized Rothblatt's writings for promoting what he argues to be the pseudoscience of mind uploading and the techno-utopianism of the Californian Ideology.[54] Carrico later criticized Rothblatt's claims about digital technology and "mindclones" as being nothing more than wishful thinking.[55] Carrico went on to criticize Rothblatt for caring more about rights of "virtual, uploaded persons"—who he argues are neither real nor possible—more than the rights of actual human persons and some nonhuman persons, such as great apes and dolphins.[56]

Describing a conversation with BINA48, one of "humanity's first cybernetic companions," created by Rothblatt and Hanson Robotics, journalist Amy Harmon concluded it was "not that different from interviewing certain flesh and blood subjects."[57]

In September 2017 Forbes magazine named Rothblatt one of the 100 Greatest Living Business Minds of the past century, with special reference to her roles as a "perpetual reinventor, founder of Sirius and United Therapeutics, and creator of PanAmSat."[58]

In January 2018 Rothblatt was presented the UCLA Medal, the university's highest award, in recognition of her creation of Sirius XM satellite radio, advancing organ transplant technology, and having "expanded the way we understand fundamental concepts ranging from communication to gender to the nature of consciousness and mortality."[59]

In 2019, Rothblatt received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement presented by Awards Council member Sir Peter Jackson during the International Achievement Summit in New York City.[60][61]

Awards and honors[]

Rothblatt has received many awards, including several honorary doctorate degrees. Rothblatt received a total compensation of $31,581,896 in 2014. On December 5, 2017, North Carolina State University conferred her an honorary Doctor of Sciences degree.[62] On May 11, 2010, she was awarded an honorary doctorate by Ben Gurion University of the Negev in recognition of her accomplishments in satellite communications and biotechnology.[63] In April 2008, Rothblatt was elected a Member of the American Philosophical Society.[64] On May 16, 2018, Rothblatt and Didi Chuxing President Jean Liu were awarded Doctors of Commercial Science degrees, honoris causa, at NYU's 186th Commencement at Yankee Stadium.[65][third-party source needed] In 2018, the University of Victoria's Chair in Transgender Studies, Founder and Academic Director of the Transgender Archives, nominated Martine for an Honorary Doctor of Laws (LLD).[66][third-party source needed] She was officially awarded this on November 13, 2019, at the 10:00am graduation ceremony.[67] In 2019 she was recognized as one of Business Insider's most powerful LGBTQ+ people in tech.[68]

Bibliography[]

  • Radiodetermination Satellite Services and Standards, Artech House, 1987, ISBN 0-89006-239-0 (communications satellite technology)
  • Apartheid of Sex: a Manifesto on the Freedom of Gender, Crown, 1995 ISBN 0-517-59997-X (transgenderism)
  • From Transgender to Transhuman: a Manifesto on the Freedom of Form, Martine Rothblatt, 2011, ISBN 0615489427
  • Unzipped Genes, Temple University Press, 1997 ISBN 1-56639-522-4 (bioethics and biopolitics)
  • Your Life or Mine, Ashgate, 2003 ISBN 0-7546-2391-2 (xenotransplantation)
  • Two Stars for Peace, iUniverse, 2003 ISBN 0-595-65982-9 (Middle East peace process)
  • Virtually Human, St. Martin's Press, 2014 ISBN 1-250-04663-7 (artificial intelligence)

Filmography[]

Rothblatt is the executive producer of the following films:

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c Lisa Miller (September 7, 2014). "Martine Rothblatt Is the Highest-Paid Female CEO in America. She Was Also Born Male. -- New York Magazine". New York Magazine.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Anna Webber. "New York Magazine & The Cut Fashion Week Party". Getty Images.
  3. ^ United States Public Records, 1970-2009 (Florida, Washington DC, 1986-2008)
  4. ^ Neely Tucker (December 12, 2014). "Martine Rothblatt: She founded SiriusXM, a religion and a biotech. For starters". The Washington Post.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b Eubios Ethics Institute (November 2, 1996). "Human Genome Project and Bioethics News". Retrieved October 12, 2016. Those readers who want details should contact the chair of the drafting committee, Martine Rothblatt, Mahon & Patusky Law Offices...
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b Piore, Adam (July 30, 2021). "Pharma CEO Faces Personal Fight for a New Breed of Organ Donors". Bloomberg News. Retrieved August 8, 2021.
  7. ^ "Transgender CEO who overcomes obstacles takes on limits of life". CBS News. September 24, 2014.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b Carroll, John (April 30, 2018). "Who's the top earning CEO in biopharma? Martine Rothblatt once again hits top slot with $37M pay package". endpts.com. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
  9. ^ Lisa Miller (September 7, 2014). "Martine Rothblatt Is the Highest-Paid Female CEO in America. She Was Also Born Male". New York Magazine. Retrieved November 22, 2014. Martin Rothblatt was raised by observant Jewish parents in a working-class suburb of San Diego; her father was a dentist. Her mother, Rosa Lee, says she always believed her first child was destined for greatness.
  10. ^ Martine Aliana Rothblatt (May 1997). "Unzipped Genes: Taking Charge of Baby-making in the New Millennium". pp. v. Archived from the original on October 13, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2014. To my parents Hal and Rosa Lee
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b "The Trans-Everything CEO". New York Magazine. September 7, 2014. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  12. ^ "Total invalidation of transpeople in a single headline". Daily Kos. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
  13. ^ Space Studies Institute (September 1985). "Space Studies Institute". THE HIGH FRONTIER® NEWSLETTER, VOLUME XI ISSUE 5. Retrieved October 6, 2016. Martin Rothblatt has been Vice President for Regulatory Affairs for Geostar...
  14. ^ Mark Lewyn (September 1996). "Space Case". Wired Magazine. Retrieved November 22, 2014. The Haigs were accompanied by businesswoman Martine Rothblatt, 41, their new partner and a successful regulatory attorney in Washington, DC, for more than a decade.
  15. ^ Space Studies Institute (September 1985). "Space Studies Institute". THE HIGH FRONTIER NEWSLETTER, VOLUME XI ISSUE 5. Retrieved October 6, 2016. Martin Rothblatt was recently named to the SSI Board of Trustees...
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b Herper, Matthew (April 22, 2010). "From Satellites To Pharmaceuticals". Forbes. Retrieved September 8, 2014.
  17. ^ "Martine Rothblatt". Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  18. ^ Mark Lewyn (September 1, 1996). "Space Case". Wired. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
  19. ^ Nikhil Hutheesing (May 5, 1997). "Airship Internet". Forbes. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
  20. ^ Steve G. Steinberg (November 1, 1997). "Updata". Wired. Retrieved November 28, 2016. In May, the FCC set aside the 47-GHz band for various earth-based communications services, which marked the first step in the company's plan to float hundreds of 11-ton, 466-foot-long telecommunications platforms in the stratosphere.
  21. ^ Andy Coghlan (November 2, 1996). "Gene Treaty Promises Rewards for Unique Peoples". New Scientist Magazine, Issue 2054. Retrieved October 12, 2016. The IBA's law and medicine subcommittee, which Rothblatt chairs, spent four years drawing up the document...
  22. ^ Moukheiber, Zina (July 1, 2002). "Jeni's Oil". Forbes. Retrieved November 19, 2015.
  23. ^ Tucker, Neely (December 12, 2014). "Martine Rothblatt: She founded SiriusXM, a religion and a biotech. Now she's the top-paid female executive" – via www.washingtonpost.com.
  24. ^ "Your Life or Mine". Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  25. ^ Samantha Cowan (September 8, 2014). "America's Highest-Paid Female CEO Is Transgender". TakePart.
  26. ^ "United Therapeutics' Martine Rothblatt saw a big pay jump in 2017". www.bizjournals.com. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  27. ^ Fehrenbacher, Katie (October 31, 2016). "Watch the World's First Manned Battery-Powered Helicopter Fly". Fortune. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  28. ^ Hanley, Steve (November 1, 2016). "Martine Rothblatt Creates First Full Size Electric Helicopter". Gas2. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
  29. ^ Calderwood, Dave (October 3, 2016). "Electric R44 helicopter paves way for organ delivery". FLYER. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
  30. ^ "World Record 30 minute 800 feet Electric Helicopter Flight 16 Feb 2017" – via www.youtube.com.
  31. ^ Martine Rothblatt (March 4, 2017), First ever two-person electric helicopter flight, retrieved March 24, 2017
  32. ^ "Farthest flight by an electric helicopter (prototype)". Guinness World Records. Retrieved March 18, 2019.
  33. ^ "Record-breaking "dream team" proves doubters wrong with electric helicopter achievement". Guinness World Records. December 31, 2018.
  34. ^ Release, AHMEC Press (April 17, 2019). "Electric helicopter creators to accept AHMEC award". Vertical Magazine. Retrieved March 3, 2020.
  35. ^ Group, MediaNews. "Electric helicopter creators to receive award in West Chester". Daily Local News. Retrieved March 3, 2020.
  36. ^ "What we learned about the future of flying cars, drones and more at an exclusive North Texas summit". Dallas News. November 22, 2019. Retrieved March 3, 2020.
  37. ^ "Flying Car Leaders Talk Public Perception at a Secret Summit". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved March 3, 2020.
  38. ^ Jump up to: a b "EwingCole's Net Zero Designed Unisphere Opens in Silver Spring". EwingCole. September 27, 2018. Retrieved November 23, 2018. The 210,000 square-foot, elliptical shaped “Unisphere,” is the largest site Net Zero commercial building in the US and houses clinical operations for pulmonary disease, heart failure, and organ transplantation as well as In Silico molecular biology – a virtual drug development lab. Led by chairman and CEO Dr. Martine Rothblatt
  39. ^ Budds, Diana (October 9, 2018). "This enormous pulsating sculpture tells you how much energy a building uses". Curbed. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
  40. ^ Jump up to: a b Schwab, Katharine (October 8, 2018). "This building's giant sundial shows how much energy it's making". Fast Company. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
  41. ^ Lisa Miller (September 7, 2014). "Martine Rothblatt Is the Highest-Paid Female CEO in America. She Was Also Born Male". New York Magazine. Retrieved November 22, 2014. They were from different worlds: Martin was a white Jewish man on his way to getting a J.D.-M.B.A.; Bina, who is African-American, grew up in Compton and was working as a real-estate agent.
  42. ^ "Beverlee Claire Prator".
  43. ^ Lisa Miller (September 7, 2014). "Martine Rothblatt Is the Highest-Paid Female CEO in America. She Was Also Born Male". New York Magazine. Retrieved November 22, 2014. But they had much in common—starting with the fact that they were both single parents. Martin had met a woman in Kenya on his way home from the Seychelles; the relationship had not worked out, but had produced a son, Eli, who was 3. Bina's daughter, Sunee, was about the same age.
  44. ^ Lisa Miller (September 7, 2014). "Martine Rothblatt Is the Highest-Paid Female CEO in America. She Was Also Born Male". New York Magazine. Retrieved November 22, 2014. Soon they were living in the suburbs of Washington, in an apartment that was way too small. It was a hectic, happy time. The Rothblatts, now married, legally adopted each other's children, and would soon have two more.
  45. ^ "Martine Rothblatt, Trans CEO, Speaks Out On Controversial New York Magazine Cover". The Huffington Post. September 19, 2014.
  46. ^ "Terasem".
  47. ^ "From SiriusXM To Pig Cloning". Forbes. June 22, 2016. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
  48. ^ "The Custom-Made 'Super PAC'". New York Times. August 3, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  49. ^ Ledyard King (November 4, 2014). "Bill Posey easily wins fourth term". Florida Today. Retrieved November 22, 2014. Rothblatt also was helped by $258,000 spent on signs and billboards by "Space PAC," a super PAC solely funded by his parent, Martine Rothblatt, founder of Sirius Satellite Radio and CEO of the Maryland-based biotech firm, United Therapeutics.
  50. ^ Jessica Roy (April 17, 2014). "The Rapture of the Nerds". Time Magazine. Gabriel Rothblatt, a pastor at Terasem, photographed at the Terasem ashram in Melbourne Beach, Florida April 7, 2014
  51. ^ Jessica Roy (April 17, 2014). "The Rapture of the Nerds". Time Magazine. Retrieved November 22, 2014. Until 2011, Gabriel was a manager at a local pizza restaurant. Now, he spends most of his time running for Congress in a longshot campaign to get on the Democratic ballot to challenge Rep. Bill Posey this fall.
  52. ^ "On Politics: Innocent question creates a bit of a stir". Florida Today. October 17, 2014. Retrieved November 22, 2014. That led Posey to say that he thought he saw something in Rothblatt's candidate financial disclosure statements indicating Rothblatt was a pastor and community organizer.
  53. ^ Smith, Wesley J. (January 4, 2008). "Marketing Transhumanism". National Review. Retrieved October 6, 2009.
  54. ^ Carrico, Dale (August 16, 2009). "The "Imagination" of a Robot Cultist". Amor Mundi. Retrieved October 6, 2009.
  55. ^ Carrico, Dale (February 28, 2010). "More Serious Futurology from Transhumanist Martine Rothblatt". Amor Mundi. Retrieved June 28, 2010.
  56. ^ Carrico, Dale (June 5, 2010). "Martine Rothblatt's Artificial Imbecillence". Amor Mundi. Retrieved June 6, 2010.
  57. ^ Harmon, Amy (July 4, 2010). "Making Friends With a Robot Named Bina48". The New York Times. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  58. ^ "100 Greatest Living Business Minds". Forbes. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
  59. ^ Newsroom, UCLA. "Visionary alumna Martine Rothblatt honored with UCLA Medal". UCLA Newsroom. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  60. ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
  61. ^ "2019 Summit Highlights Photo: Awards Council member Sir Peter Jackson, the director, writer, and producer of the Lord of the Rings trilogy, presenting the Golden Plate Award to Dr. Martine Rothblatt, Founder and Chairman of United Therapeutics and the creator of SiriusXM Satellite Radio, at the Banquet of the Golden Plate gala ceremonies at the St. Regis Hotel". American Academy of Achievement.
  62. ^ "NC State To Hold Fall Commencement Ceremony Dec. 15". December 5, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2018.
  63. ^ "BGU Bestows Honorary Doctoral Degree on Biotechnology CEO and Satellite Technology Pioneer Dr Martine Rothblatt", Ben Gurion University May 2010, May 11, 2010, retrieved December 29, 2016
  64. ^ "NEWS from Philosophical Hall" (PDF). Autumn 2008. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  65. ^ "Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to Speak at NYU's 186th Commencement" (Press release). New York University. April 2, 2018. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
  66. ^ Crescenzi, Nicole (November 2, 2019). "University of Victoria presents honorary degree to tech, medicine and AI mastermind". Victoria News. Retrieved November 18, 2019.
  67. ^ "Martine Rothblatt receives honorary law degree from University of Victoria". Victoria News. November 14, 2019.
  68. ^ Leskin, Paige. "The 23 most powerful LGBTQ+ people in tech". Business Insider. Retrieved October 9, 2019.

Further reading[]

  • Tyrkus, Michael (2016). Contemporary Authors. Volume 347: A Bio-Bibliographical Guide to Current Writers in Fiction, General Nonfiction, Poetry, Journalism, Drama, Motion Pictures, Television and Other Fields. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale, Cengage Learning. ISBN 9781410311450.
  • Avery, Laura (2016). Newsmakers. 2016 Cumulation: the People Behind Today's Headlines. Farmington Hills, Mich: Gale, Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-57302-450-1.

External links[]

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