Mohanam

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Mohanam

Arohanam	S R₂ G₃ P D₂ Ṡ
Avarohanam	Ṡ D₂ P G₃ R₂ S
Equivalent	Major pentatonic scale

Carnatic music
Tanjavur-style Tambura
Concepts
Śruti Svara Rāga Tāḷa Mēḷakarta Asaṃpūrṇa Mēḷakarta
Compositions
Gītaṃ Svarajati Varṇaṃ Kr̥ti Kīrtana Rāgaṃ Tānaṃ Pallavi Tillana
Instruments
Melody Sarasvati Vīṇā Veṇu Nādasvaraṃ Goṭṭuvādyaṃ (Citra Vīṇā) Violin Percussion Mr̥daṅgaṃ Ghaṭaṃ Morsing Kanjira Thavil Drone Tambura Shruti box
Composers Glossary
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Mohanam is a rāga in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is an audava rāga (or owdava rāga, meaning pentatonic scale). It is usually described as a janya rāga of Harikamboji (28th Melakartha Raga). However, alternate opinions suggest that Mechakalyani may be a more appropriate classification based on the lakshana of the raga.

The equivalent of Mohanam in Hindustani music is Bhoop^[1] (or Bhopali^[2]).

It is one of the most common pentatonic scales across the world^[1] and is very popular in East Asian and Southeast Asian music, including China and Japan.

Structure and Lakshana[]

Mohanam is a symmetric rāga that does not contain madhyamam and nishādham. It is a symmetric pentatonic scale (audava-audava raga^[1][2] in Carnatic music classification - audava meaning 'of 5'). Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):

• ārohaṇa : S R₂ G₃ P D₂ Ṡ^[a]
• avarohaṇa : Ṡ D₂ P G₃ R₂ S^[b]

(the notes used in this scale are shadjam, chathusruthi rishabham, antara gandharam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatham)

Mohanam is usually classified as a janya rāga of Harikambhoji, the 28th Melakarta rāga, though alternate opinions exist that prefer classifying it as a janya raga of Kalyani based on its lakshana. The Hindustani equivalent Bhoop is associated with Kalyan thaat (the equivalent of Kalyani).

One of the first scales employed by the ancient Tamils was the Mullaippann (3 BCE), a pentatonic scale composed of the notes sa ri ga pa da equivalent to C, D, E, G, and A in the western notations. These fully harmonic scales, constitutes the raga Mohanam in the Carnatic music style.

Popular compositions[]

Mohanam rāga lends itself to extensive elaboration and exploration and has many classical music and film music compositions.

Kritis[]

The geetham Varavina mridupani is one of the first short songs taught to beginners in Carnatic music. Ninnukori composed by Poochi Srinivasa Iyengar is a popular Varnam in this scale. Here are some popular kritis composed in Mohanam.

• Preenayamo Vasudevam By Madhwacharya
• Cheri Yasodaku Sisuvithadu by Annamacharya
• Kolalanooduva Chaduranyare By Vyasatirtha
• Raja Beediyolaginda, Narayanana Nene Manave, Ava reethiyinda By Vadiraja Tirtha
• Ranga Nayaka Raajeeva Lochana, Mella mellane bandane, Pillangoviya, Bandalu Mahalakshmi, Vaidya Banda Nodi, Yaaru Olidarenu, En Savi En Savi by Purandaradasa
• Intha Prabhuva, Rama Rama Emberadakshara, Linga Ennantaranga By Vijaya Dasa
• Barayyya Ba ba By Gopala Dasa
• Mohana rama, Nannu palimpa, Dayarani, Rama ninnu nammina, Evarura ninnuvina and Bhavanutha by Thyagaraja
• Narasimha Agaccha, Kadambari Priyayaih, Gopika Manoharam by Muthuswamy Dikshitar
• Kapaali karunai and Narayana divyanamam by Papanasam Sivan
• Rara Rajiva lochana by Mysore Vasudevachar
• En Palli Kondeer Aiyya by Arunachala Kavi
• Kshemam Kuru by Narayana Teertha
• Swagatam Krishna by Oottukkadu Venkata Kavi
• Pari pahimam Nruhara by Swati Thirunal
• Sada Palaya Sarasakshi by G N Balasubramaniam
• Mohanam Tavavapurai by Swathi Thirunal
• Ninnukkori Varnam by Ramanathapuram Srinivasa Iyengar
• Hakkiya Hegaleri By Prasanna Venkata Dasa

Tamil movie songs in Mohanam[]

Song	Movie	Lyricist	Composer	Singer
Giridhara Gopala	Meera		S. V. Venkatraman	M. S. Subbulakshmi
Thillai Ambala Nadaraajaa	Soubhagyavathi	Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram	Pendyala Nageswara Rao	T. M. Soundararajan
Nilavum Malarum	Then Nilavu	Kannadasan	A. M. Rajah	A. M. Rajah, P. Susheela
Aarumugamana Porul	Kandhan Karunai		K. V. Mahadevan	S. Janaki,Rajalakshmi
Om Namasivaya	Thiruvilaiyadal			Sirkazhi Govindarajan, P. Susheela
Malargal Nanaindhana	Idhaya Kamalam			P. Susheela
Velli Mani Oosaiyil	Iru Malargal	Vaali	M. S. Viswanathan
Chittukuruvikenna	Saavale Samali	Kannadasan
Iraivan Varuvan	Shanthi Nilayam
Yaumuna Nadhi Inge	Gowaravam			S. P. Balasubramaniam, P. Susheela
Sangey Mozhangu	Kalangarai Vilakam	Bharathidasan		P. Susheela,Seerkazhi Govindarajan
Thanga Thoniyile	Ulagam Sutrum Vaaliban	Vaali		K. J. Yesudas, P. Susheela
Bansaye				T. M. Soundarajan, L. R. Easwari
Kadaloram Vaangiya Kaatru	Rickshawkaaran			T. M. Soundarajan
Vanda naal mudhal	Paavamannippu	Kannadasan
Thiruchendoorin Kadalorathil Senthilnaathan	Dheivam		Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan	T. M. Soundararajan, Seerkazhi Govindarajan
Neelakkadalin Oratthil	Annai Velankanni		G. Devarajan	T. M. Soundararajan, P. Madhuri
Oru Kadhal Samrajyam	Nandha En Nila		V. Dakshinamoorthy	P. Jayachandran, T. K. Kala
Ninu Kori Varnam Isaithida	Agni Natchatram		Illayaraja	Chitra
Kanmaniye Kadhal Enbadhu	Aarilirunthu Arubathu Varai			S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Nilavu thoongum	Kungumachimizh
Iru Paravaigal	Niram Maratha Pookal			Jency
Meenkodi Theril	Karumbhu Vil			K.J. Yesudas, Jency Anthony
Vaan Pole Vannam	Salangai Oli	Vairamuthu		S. P. Balasubhramaniam, S. P. Sailaja
Oru Thanga Rathathil	Dharma Yutham			Malaysia Vasudevan
Kannan Oru kaikulanthai	Bhadrakali			KJ Yesudas,P Susheela
Vanthathe Oh Kungumam	Kizhakku Vaasal	R. V. Udayakumar		K. S. Chithra
Anniya Kaattu Annaney	Nandhavana Theru			Srilekha,Mano,Swarnalatha
Kaathirunthen Thaniye	Rasa Magan			Chandrasekar, Srilekha
Sreeramane Unnai	Kangalin Vaarthaigal			K. S. Chithra, Illayaraja
Oru Raagam	Anandha Ragam	Gangai Amaran		K. J. Yesudas, S. Janaki
Geetham Sangeetham	Kokarako			S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Poovil Vandu	Kaadhal Oviyam	Vairamuthu
Ravi varman oviyamo	Puthu vayal		Aravinth
Sivappu Lolaku	Kaadhal Kottai		Deva
Vellarika				Krishnaraj
Nepala Malaiyoram	Thaikulame Thaikulame			S. P. Balasubhramaniam,Swarnalatha
Priya Priya	Kattabomman (film)			S. P. Balasubhramaniam,K.S.Chitra
Thoonganakuruvi	Jallikattu kalai
Kadhal Kaditham	Cheran Pandiyan	Soundaryan		S.A. Rajkumar, Swarnalatha
Boom Boom	Boys	Kabilan	A. R. Rahman	Adnan Sami,Sadhana Sargam
Ennodu Nee Irundhaal	I			Sid Sriram,Sunitha Sarathy
Porale Ponnuthayi	Karuthamma	Vairamuthu		Unni Menon, Sujatha Mohan, Swarnalatha(Pathos)(Won National Award)
Madrasai Suthi (Ragamalika:Mohanam,Punnagavarali)	May Maadham			Shahul Hameed, Swarnalatha, G. V. Prakash & Manorama
Pakkada Pakkade	Gentleman			Minmini
Varayo Thozhi	Jeans			Sonu Nigam, Harini
Samba Samba	Love Birds			Aslam Mustafa
Kannai Katti Kollathey	Iruvar			Hariharan
Poi Solla Poren	Thiruttu Payale		Bharadwaj	KK, Kanmani
Oru Kathal Enpathu	Chinna Thambi Periya Thambi		Gangai Amaran	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Chinnapattam Poochi	Sugamana Sumaigal		Chandrabose	K. S. Chithra,Mano
Kaalai Neeye	Kaalaiyum Neeye Maalaiyum Neeye	Vaali	Devendran	S. Janaki
Malaiya Kodainju Pathaya Amaichen	Pudhu Padagan	S. Thanu		S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
Unnai Ninachi	Avathara Purushan		Sirpy
Mudhal Mudhalai	Varushamellam Vasantham			P. Unnikrishnan, Sujatha
Pottu Mela Pottu	Janakiraman			S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Anuradha Sriram
Mainaave Mainaave	Thithikudhe		Vidyasagar	P. Unnikrishnan, Sadhana Sargam
Rosave Rosave	Ellaichami	Pulamaipithan	S. A. Rajkumar	Malaysia Vasudevan, K. S. Chithra
Maname Thottal	Thottachinungi		Phillip Jerry	Hariharan, K. S. Chithra
Kadhalithal Anandham	Style		Bharani
Uchi Mudhal	Sukran	Vijay Antony		Timmy, Gayathri
Engeyum Kadhal	Engeyum Kadhal	Thamarai	Harris Jayaraj	Aalap Raju, Devan Ekambaram, Ranina Reddy

Malayalam movie songs in Mohanam (Selected)

Song	Movie	Lyricist	Composer	singer(s)
Malini nadiyil	Sakunthala	Vayalar Ramavarma	G Devarajan	KJ Yesudas, P Suseela
Manjalayil mungi thorthi	Kalithozhan	P Bhaskaran	G Devarajan	P Jayachandran
Manjani Poonilaav	Nagarame Nandi	P Bhaskaran	K Raghavan	S Janaki
Suprabhatham (neelagiriyude)	Panitheeratha Veedu	Vayalar Ramavarma	MS Viswanathan	P Jayachandran
Chandrikayilaliyunnu	Bharyamar Sookshikkuka	Sreekumaran Thampi	V Dakshinamoorthy	KJ Yesudas, P Leela, AM Raja
Pournami Chandrika	Rest House	Sreekumaran Thampi	MK Arjunan	KJ Yesudas
Madhuchandrikayude	Anachadanam	Vayalar Ramavarma	G Devarajan	P Jayachandran
Swargaputhri Navarathri	Nizhalattam	Vayalar Ramavarma	G Devarajan	KJ Yesudas
Guruvayurambala Nadayil	Othenante makan	Vayalar Ramavarma	G Devarajan	KJ Yesudas
Ezharapponnana purath	Akkarappacha	Vayalar Ramavarma	G Devarajan	P Madhuri
Nin maniyarayile	CID Nazir	Sreekumaran Thampi	MK Arjunan	P Jayachandran
Arivin Nilave	Rajashilpi	ONV Kurup	Raveendran	KS Chithra
Etho nidrathan	Ayal Katha Ezhuthukayanu	Kaithapram	Raveendran	KJ Yesudas
Maarikkuliril neela thulasi	Kouravar	Kaithapram	SP Venkitesh	KJ Yesudas, KS Chithra
Chandanalepa Sugandham	Oru vadakkan veeragatha	K Jayakumar	Ravi Bombay	KJ Yesudas
Aareyum Bhava gayakan aakkum	Nakhakshathangal	ONV Kurup	Ravi Bombay	KJ Yesudas
Maayaponmane	Thalayanamanthram	Kaithapram	Johnson	KS Chithra
Manje vaa madhuvidhu vela	Thusharam	Yousuf Ali Kechery	Shyam	KJ Yesudas, SP Balasubrahmaniam
Thaara noopuram chaarthi	Sopanam	Kaithapram	SP Venkitesh	KJ Yesudas, Manju Menon
Mouliyil mayilpeeli	Nandanam	Gireesh Puthenchery	Raveendran	KS Chithra
Ponkasavu njoriyum	joker	Yousuf Ali Kechery	Mohan Sithara	P Jayachandran, KS Chithra
Parvanendu mukhi	Parinayam	Yousuf Ali Kechery	Ravi Bombay	KS Chithra
Kaliveedurangiyallo	Deshadanam	Kaithapram	Kaithapram	KJ Yesudas
Aakasha neelima	Kayyum thalayum purathidaruth	Mullanezhi	Raveendran	KJ Yesudas
Nee en sarga soundaryame	Kathodu kathoram	ONV kurupp	Ouseppachan	KJ Yesudas, Lathika

Telugu Film Songs[]

Song	Movie	Lyricist	Composer	Singer
Mounamga Manasu Padina	Gundamma Katha	Pingali Nagendrarao	S. Rajaswara Rao	Ghantasala
Seelamu Galavari Chinavada	Palnati Yudhham	Malladi Ramakrishna Sastry	S. Rajaswara Rao	Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna, P. Susheela
Echatanunchi Veecheno Ee Challanigaali	Appu Chesi Pappukudu	Pingali Nagendrarao	Pendyala Nageswarrao	Ghantasala, P. Susheela
Manasu Parimalinchene Tanuvu Paravasinchene	Srikrishnarjuna Yuddham	Pingali Nagendrarao	Pendyala Nageswarrao	Ghantasala, P. Susheela
Mohanraga Maha Murthymanthamaye	Mahamantri Timmarasu	Pingali Nagendrarao	Pendyala Nageswarrao	Ghantasala, P. Susheela
Lahirilo Lahirilo	Mayabazaar	Pingali Nagendrarao	S. Rajaswara Rao	Ghantasala, P. Leela
Madhilo Veenalu Mroge	Atmeeyulu	Dasarathi	S. Rajeswara Rao	P. Susheela
Padavela Radhika Pranayasudha Geethika	Iddaru Mitrulu	SriSri	S. Rajeswara Rao	Ghantasala, P. Susheela
Siva Siva Sankara	Bhakta Kannappa	Veturi Sundarrammurthy	Sathyam	V. Ramakrishna
Palikinadi Pilichinadi	Seetaaraamulu	Atreya	Sathyam	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Suseela
Nemalaki Nerpian Nadakalivi	Saptapadi	Veturi Sundarrammurthy	K. V. Mahadevan	S. Janaki
Akasamlo Asala Harivillu	Swarnakamalam	Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry	Ilayaraja	S. Janaki
Ninu Kori Varnam Sarisari	Gharshana	Rajasree	Ilayaraja	Chitra, Vani Jayaram
Maaterani Chinnadhani	O Papa Lali	Rajasree	Ilayaraja	S. P. Balasubramanyam
Chinnadana Osi Chinnadana	Premalekha	Bhuvanachandra	Deva	Krishnaraj
Raave Naa Cheliya	Jeans	Siva Ganesh	A R Rahman	Sonu Nigam, Harini
Ye shwasalo Cherithe	Nenunnanu	Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry	MM keeravani	Chitra

Related rāgas[]

Graha bhedam[]

Mohanam's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 4 other major pentatonic rāgas, namely, Hindolam, Shuddha Saveri, Udayaravichandrika (also known as Shuddha Dhanyasi) and Madhyamavati. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāga. For more details and illustration of this concept refer Graha bhedam on Mohanam.

Scale similarities[]

• Mohanakalyani is a rāga which has the ascending scale of Mohanam and descending scale of Kalyani. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G3 P D2 S : S N3 D2 P M2 G3 R2 S
• Bilahari is a rāga which has the ascending scale of Mohanam and descending scale of Sankarabharanam. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G3 P D2 S : S N3 D2 P M1 G3 R2 S
• Garudadhvani is a rāga which has the ascending scale of Sankarabharanam and descending scale of Mohanam. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G3 M1 P D2 N3 S : S D2 P G3 R2 S
• Shivaranjani rāga differs from Mohanam only by the gāndhāram. It uses sadharana gāndhāram instead of antara gāndhāram and its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G2 P D2 S : S D2 P G2 R2 S
• Hamsadhvani rāga uses nishadam in place of dhaivatam. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G3 P N3 S : S N3 P G3 R2 S
• rāga differs from Mohanam only by the daivatham. It uses shudda Daivatham instead of Chatushruti Daivatham and its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G3 P D1 S : S D1 P G3 R2 S

Vasantha used Shudda Rishabham and not Shudda Daivatham

• Niroshta rāga uses nishadam in place of panchamam. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G3 D2 N3 S : S N3 D2 G3 R2 S

Notes[]

References[]