Molybdenum hexacarbonyl

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Molybdenum hexacarbonyl
Stereo, skeletal formula of molybdenum hexacarbonyl
Ball and stick model of molybdenum hexacarbonyl
Sample of molybdenum hexacarbonyl
Names
IUPAC name
Hexacarbonylmolybdenum(0)
Systematic IUPAC name
Hexacarbonylmolybdenum[1]
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.034.271 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 237-713-3
3798, 562210
MeSH Hexacarbonylmolybdenum
UN number 3466
Properties
C6MoO6
Molar mass 264.01 g·mol−1
Appearance Vivid, white, translucent crystals
Density 1.96 g cm−3
Melting point 150 °C (302 °F; 423 K)
Boiling point 156 °C (313 °F; 429 K)
Structure
Orthogonal
Octahedral
Dipole moment
 0 D
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)
 −989.1 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298)
 −2123.4 kJ mol−1
Hazards
Safety data sheet External MSDS
EU classification (DSD) (outdated)
 Very Toxic T+
R-phrases (outdated) R26/27/28
S-phrases (outdated) (S1/2), S36/37/39, S45
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
4
1
0
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Chromium hexacarbonyl

Tungsten hexacarbonyl

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Molybdenum hexacarbonyl (also called molybdenum carbonyl) is the chemical compound with the formula Mo(CO)6. This colorless solid, like its chromium and tungsten analogues, is noteworthy as a volatile, air-stable derivative of a metal in its zero oxidation state.

Structure and properties[]

Mo(CO)6 adopts an octahedral geometry consisting of six rod-like CO ligands radiating from the central Mo atom. A recurring minor debate in some chemical circles concerns the definition of an "organometallic" compound. Usually, organometallic indicates the presence of a metal directly bonded via a M–C bond to an organic fragment, which must in turn have a C–H bond.

Mo(CO)6 is prepared by the reduction of molybdenum chlorides or oxides under a pressure of carbon monoxide,[citation needed] although it would be unusual to prepare this inexpensive compound in the laboratory. The compound is somewhat air-stable and sparingly soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.

Occurrence[]

Mo(CO)6 has been detected in landfills and sewage plants, the reducing, anaerobic environment being conducive to formation of Mo(CO)6.[2]

Inorganic and organometallic research[]

Molybdenum hexacarbonyl is a popular reagent in academic research.[3]

One or more CO ligands can be displaced by other ligands.[4] Mo(CO)6, [Mo(CO)3(MeCN)3], and related derivatives are employed as catalysts in organic synthesis for example, alkyne metathesis and the Pauson–Khand reaction.

Mo(CO)6 reacts with 2,2′-bipyridine to afford Mo(CO)4(bipy). UV-photolysis of a THF solution of Mo(CO)6 gives Mo(CO)5(THF).

[Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2][]

The thermal reaction of Mo(CO)6 with piperidine affords Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2. The two piperidine ligands in this yellow-colored compound are labile, which allows other ligands to be introduced under mild conditions. For instance, the reaction of [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)2] with triphenyl phosphine in boiling dichloromethane (b.p. ca. 40 °C) gives cis-[Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2]. This cis- complex isomerizes in toluene to trans-[Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2].[5]

[Mo(CO)3(MeCN)3][]

Mo(CO)6 also can be converted to its tris(acetonitrile) derivative. The compound serves as a source of "Mo(CO)3". For instance treatment with allyl chloride gives [MoCl(allyl)(CO)2(MeCN)2], whereas treatment with KTp and sodium cyclopentadienide gives [MoTp(CO)3]− and [MoCp(CO)3]− anions, respectively. These anions react with a variety of electrophiles.[6] A related source of Mo(CO)3 is cycloheptatrienemolybdenum tricarbonyl.

Source of Mo atoms[]

Molybdenum hexacarbonyl is widely used in electron beam-induced deposition technique - it is easily vaporized and decomposed by the electron beam providing a convenient source of molybdenum atoms.[7]

Safety and handling[]

Like all metal carbonyls, Mo(CO)6 is dangerous source of volatile metal as well as CO.

References[]

  1. ^ "Hexacarbonylmolybdenum (CHEBI:30508)". Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI). UK: European Bioinformatics Institute.
  2. ^ Feldmann, J. (1999). "Determination of Ni(CO)4, Fe(CO)5, Mo(CO)6, and W(CO)6 in Sewage Gas by Using Cryotrapping Gas Chromatography Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry". J. Environ. Monit. 1 (1): 33–37. doi:10.1039/a807277i. PMID 11529076.
  3. ^ Faller, J. W.; Brummond, K. M.; Mitasev, B. (2006). "Hexacarbonylmolybdenum". In Paquette, L. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. New York: J. Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rh004.pub2. ISBN 0471936235.
  4. ^ http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/teaching-labs/inorganic2ndyear/2004-2005labmanual/Experiment3.pdf Archived March 9, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Darensbourg, D. J.; Kump, R. L. (1978). "A Convenient Synthesis of cis-Mo(CO)4L2 Derivatives (L = Group 5a Ligand) and a Qualitative Study of Their Thermal Reactivity toward Ligand Dissociation". Inorg. Chem. 17 (9): 2680–2682. doi:10.1021/ic50187a062.
  6. ^ Elschenbroich, C.; Salzer, A. (1992). Organometallics: A Concise Introduction (2nd ed.). Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 3-527-28165-7.
  7. ^ Randolph, S. J.; Fowlkes, J. D.; Rack, P. D. (2006). "Focused, Nanoscale Electron-Beam-Induced Deposition and Etching". Critical Reviews of Solid State and Materials Sciences. 31 (3): 55–89. Bibcode:2006CRSSM..31...55R. doi:10.1080/10408430600930438. S2CID 93769658.

Further reading[]

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