Muley Jats

The Muley Jat, also Mola Jat and Mula Jat, are a community descended from Jats in Islam,^[1][2][3] found mainly in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Delhi in India, and the province of Punjab in Pakistan. They are predominantly Muslim.

The Muslim Muley Jats is the community who accepted Islam during the Muslim rule, but not every Muslim convert is referred to as a Muley, the term being restricted to those Jats who inhabit western Uttar Pradesh and were once found in Haryana, and speak dialects of Urdu and Hindi such as Haryanvi and Khari boli. Those Muley Jat who inhabited the state of Haryana then a part of Punjab moved en masse to Pakistan, after the partition of India.

Origin[]

There is controversy as to the exact circumstances of their conversion to Islam, which are unclear. The term Mula and Muley, was applied to the jat Muslim converts from the Jat hindu.

They comprise a large number of dispersed intermarrying clans, known as gotras. Along their original Hindu tradition, these exogamous groups are made up of myriad landholding patrilineages of varying genealogical depth, ritual, and social status sometimes also called biradaries or brotherhoods scattered in the various districts of western Uttar Pradesh. The biradari, or lineage, is one of the principal points of reference for the Mulley Jats, and all biradaries claim descent from a common ancestor. Historically the Muley Jat also belonged to the khap, who comprised a number of biradaries, and marriages within the khap were not allowed, but this is no longer practiced.^{[4][page needed]}

India[]

In India, the community is mostly found in Western Uttar Pradesh and are mainly owner cultivators, with many being substantial landowners, and inhabit villages that are exclusively Muley Jat. Animal husbandry and poultry are secondary occupations. The Muley Jat have a tribal council, known as a khap panchayat. Offences that are dealt with by the tribal council include adultery, elopement, disputes over land and water, and theft. It is also used to maintain a system of social control over members of the community, particularly with regards to marriage. They speak Khari Boli among themselves, and Hindi with outsiders.^{[5][page needed]}

The Muley Jat are mainly a community of owner cultivators, and have much in common with the other neighbouring Muslim agrarian castes, such as the Ranghar and Tyagi Muslim. Like the Ranghar and Tyagi, the Muley Jat are strictly endogamous, and practice the custom of gotra and village exogamy. Their marriage customs are similar to the wider Jat community.^{[5][page needed]}

Pakistan[]

They are found in Mirpur Khas and Nawabshah Districts of Sindh, and Numerous other Districts of Punjab Pakistan. Recent studies of the Muley Jat communities in Pakistan have confirmed that they maintain a distinct identity. The Muley Jat continue to speak a Haryanvi dialect which is often called Ranghari, and culturally close to the larger Muslim Rajput community.^[6] They have maintained the system of exogamous marriages, the practice of not marrying within one's clan, which marks them out from neighbouring Punjabi Muslim communities, which prefer marriages with first cousins. In districts of Pakpattan and Okara, which have the densest concentrations of Muley Jat, they consist mostly of landowning cultivators, with many serving in the army and police. They maintain an overarching tribal council known as a panchayat, which deals with a number of issues, such as punishments for petty crime or co-operation over village projects. The institution of the khap has disappeared in Pakistan.^[6]

References[]