Ni'matullāhī
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The Ni'matullāhī or Ne'matollāhī (Persian: نعمتاللهی) (also spelled as "Nimatollahi", "Nematollahi" or "Ni'matallahi) is a Sufi order (or tariqa) originating in Iran. The order originates within Sunni Islam,[1] but would later be affiliated with Shia in the 16th century. According to Moojan Momen, the number of Ni'matullāhī in Iran in 1980 was estimated to be between 50,000 and 350,000.[2] Following the emigration of Javad Nurbakhsh and other dervishes after the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the tariqa has attracted numerous followers outside Iran, mostly in Europe, West Africa and North America, although the first khaniqa outside Iran was formed in San Francisco, California, United States in 1975, a few years before the revolution in Iran.
History[]
The order is named after its 14th century CE Sunni founder Shah Nimatullah (Nūr ad-Din Ni'matullāh Wali), who settled in and is buried in Mahan, Kerman Province, Iran, where his tomb is still an important pilgrimage site. Shah Ni'matallāhī was a disciple of the Qadiri Sufi ʿAbd-Allah Yefâ'î: a chain of succession of masters (silsilah) has been claimed that extends back to Maruf Karkhi.[citation needed]
Javad Nurbakhsh took the lead of the Ni'matullāhī Order in 1953 upon the death of his predecessor Mūnis ʿAli Shad Dhu al-Riyasetin. Javad Nurbakhsh undertook a major expansion of the order in Iran. In the 1970s visitors from the joined the order while in Iran.[clarification needed] In 1974, Javad Nurbakhsh went to the United States and decided that there was a need to establish regular khaniqas there. In 1979, Nurbakhsh left Iran to flee the repressive government that did not appreciate alternate religious authorities. He lived in the United States until he moved to England in 1983. By the early 1990s there were nine Ni'matullāhī khaniqas in the United States. The ones in the East Coast such as Boston, New York and Washington were almost completely attended by Americans, while the ones in California were about half American and half Iranian, with members coming from diverse religious backgrounds, not restricted to Shi'i Islam.[3]
Today, the Order has expanded to places such as Mexico, Russia, Western Africa, Spain, and Australia.
Activities[]
The numerous publications of the order include the bi-annual SUFI Journal. The Khaniqahi Nimatullahi also publish in Persian, English, and other languages. Dr. Javad Nurbakhsh's writings include a seven-volume treatment of the states and stations the Sufi path, his twelve-volume explanation of the meanings of Sufi mystical terminology, and his many annotated biographies of the great historic masters of the path. Social activities of the present-day order include the establishment of clinics and medical centers in impoverished regions of West Africa, where the order has attracted numerous adherents.
Bibliography[]
- Masters of the Path: A History of the Masters of the Nimatullahi Sufi Order by Dr. Javad Nurbakhsh, Khaniqahi Nimatullahi Publications, New York and London, 2nd Edition, 1993, ISBN 0-933546-03-3 and ISBN 978-0-933546-03-5
- Kings of Love – The History and Poetry of the Ni'matullahi Sufi Order by Nasrollah Pourjavady and Peter Lamborn Wilson, Imperial Iranian Academy of Philosophy, Tehran, 1978, ISBN 0-87773-733-9 and ISBN 0-500-97351-2
References[]
- ^ Iran and the Surrounding World: Interactions in Culture and Cultural Politics page 26
- ^ Momen, Moojan, An Introduction to Shi'i Islam, Yale University Press, 1985, p. 215
- ^ Liyakat Nathani Takim. Shi'ism in America. (New York: New York University Press, 2009) p. 43
External links[]
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- Nimatullahi order
- Shia Sufi orders