Nikolay Dollezhal

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Nikolay Dollezhal
Born27 October [O.S. 15 October] 1899
Zaporizhia Oblast, Russian Empire, present-day Ukraine
Died20 November 2000(2000-11-20) (aged 101)
Moscow, Russia
Alma materBauman Moscow State Technical University
Known forSoviet atomic bomb project
Founder of the RBMK type nuclear reactor
nuclear marine propulsion
AwardsOrder of Merit for the Fatherland
Hero of Socialist Labour
Scientific career
FieldsMechanical Engineering
InstitutionsInstitute of Chemical Physics
Moscow State University
Sternberg Astronomical Institute

Nikolay Antonovich Dollezhal (Russian: Николай Антонович Доллежа́ль; 27 October [O.S. 15 October] 1899 – 20 November 2000[1])[2] was a Soviet mechanical engineer of Czech descent, a key figure in Soviet atomic bomb project and chief designer of nuclear reactors from the first plutonium production reactor to the RBMK.

Born in Omelnik, Zaporizhia Oblast, in a family of Czech immigrants, Dollezhal graduated MVTU in 1923.[3] Until 1930, he worked in various design bureaus, but after a tour of Europe in 1929 he was arrested and spent a year and a half in prison, before being acquitted in January 1932. In 1932-1943 he headed important manufacturing plants in Kiev, Leningrad and Sverdlovsk.

In 1943, Dollezhal was appointed to lead the new Institute of Chemical Machinery in Moscow. In 1946, the institute was assigned to the Soviet atomic project; his first reactors, graphite moderated types A and AI, produced Soviet plutonium used in Joe 1 nuclear test of 1949 and subsequent nuclear weapons deployment. After 1950, Dollezhal on nuclear marine propulsion. His first proposal, Type AM, was not practical for marine uses but became the core of the first nuclear power plant in Obninsk, commissioned in 1954. In the same year, he produced a viable draft of a light water submarine reactor.

Dollezhal pioneered the concept of the pressurized water reactor, which led to numerous military and VVER-type civilian designs. In 1957 Dollezhal Institute launched their first dual-use (civilian energy and weapons-grade plutonium) powerplant, Type EI, and seven years later, the first truly industrial Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station. All subsequent Soviet reactors (VVER, RBMK) also originated from his firm.

Honours and awards[]

References[]

  1. ^ Могила Н. А. Доллежаля на кладбище села Козино
  2. ^ "Nikolay A. Dollezhal". Brief History. N.A. Dollezhal Research and Development Institute of Power Engineering. Archived from the original on 10 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
  3. ^ МГТУ им. Н. Э. Баумана «Выпускники и выдающиеся деятели Университета»
  4. ^ "10261 Nikdollezhal' (1974 QF1)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
  5. ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 16 June 2019.

Further reading[]

  • Paul R. Josephson (2005). Red Atom: Russia's Nuclear Power Program from Stalin to Today. University of Pittsburgh Pre. esp. pp. 20–25. ISBN 978-0-8229-7847-3.
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