North Vanuatu languages
[Many of the languages listed here are not classified as North Vanuatu in their articles, and do not link back here]
North Vanuatu | |
---|---|
Northern Vanuatu | |
Geographic distribution | Northern Vanuatu |
Linguistic classification | Austronesian
|
Glottolog | nort3205 |
The North Vanuatu languages form a linkage of Southern Oceanic languages spoken in northern Vanuatu.
Languages[]
Clark (2009)[]
Clark (2009)[1] provides the following classification of the North Vanuatu languages, divided into two main geographic areas (Torres–Banks–Maewo–Ambae–Pentecost and Santo). Outlier (aberrant) languages identified by Clark (2009) are in italics.[2]
- North Vanuatu
- Northern (Torres–Banks–Maewo–Ambae–Pentecost)
- Torres–Banks languages
- Maewo–Ambae–North Pentecost
- Maewo: Sun̄wadia, Sun̄wadaga, Baetora
- Ambae: Duidui, Northeast Ambae
- North Pentecost: Raga
- South Pentecost: Ske (“Seke”); Apma, Sa
- Espiritu Santo languages
- Cape Cumberland (Nokuku); Tolomako
- Wusi, Akei–Tasiriki–Tangoa–Araki (“SW Santo”), Tiale–Merei (“Central Santo”), Kiai, “”, M̈av̈ea (“Mafea”), Tutuba, Aore, Tamambo (“Tamabo”); Mores
- , Shark Bay; Sakao
- Northern (Torres–Banks–Maewo–Ambae–Pentecost)
François (2015)[]
The following list of 9 "Penama" North Vanuatu languages (that is, the North Vanuatu languages excluding the Torres–Banks and Espiritu Santo languages) is from François (2015:18-21).
No. | Language | Other names | Speakers | Ethnologue | ISO 639-3 | Region |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18 | Sungwadia | Marino, North Maewo | 500 | mrb | mrb | Maewo |
19 | Sungwadaga | Central Maewo | 1400 | mwo | mwo | Maewo |
20 | Baetora | South Maewo, Sungaloge | 1330 | btr | btr | Maewo |
21 | East Ambae | Lolovoli, Aoba | 5000 | omb | omb | Ambae |
22 | West Ambae | Duidui | 8700 | nnd | nnd | Ambae |
23 | Raga | Hano | 6500 | lml | lml | Pentecost |
24 | Apma | 7800 | app | app | Pentecost | |
25 | Ske | Seke | 300 | ske | ske | Pentecost |
26 | Sa | Saa | 3900 | sax | sax | Pentecost |
References[]
- François, Alexandre; Franjieh, Michael; Lacrampe, Sébastien; Schnell, Stefan (2015), "The exceptional linguistic density of Vanuatu" (PDF), in François, Alexandre; Lacrampe, Sébastien; Franjieh, Michael; Schnell, Stefan (eds.), The Languages of Vanuatu: Unity and Diversity, Studies in the Languages of Island Melanesia, Canberra: Asia Pacific Linguistics Open Access, pp. 1–21, ISBN 9781922185235.
Categories:
- North Vanuatu languages
- Southern Oceanic languages
- Languages of Vanuatu