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Octopussy

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the James Bond film. For other uses, see Octopussy (disambiguation).
"Kamal Khan" redirects here. For other uses, see Kamal Khan (disambiguation).

Octopussy
Octopussy - UK cinema poster.jpg
Theatrical release poster by Dan Goozee and Renato Casaro
Directed byJohn Glen
Screenplay byGeorge MacDonald Fraser
Richard Maibaum
Michael G. Wilson
Based onJames Bond
by Ian Fleming
Produced byAlbert R. Broccoli
Starring
CinematographyAlan Hume
Edited byPeter Davies
Henry Richardson
Music byJohn Barry
Production
companies
Distributed byMGM/UA Entertainment Co. (United States)
United International Pictures (International)
Release date
  • 6 June 1983 (1983-06-06)
Running time
131 minutes
CountryUnited Kingdom[1]
LanguageEnglish
Budget$27.5 million
Box office$187.5 million

Octopussy is a 1983 spy film and the thirteenth in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions; it was the sixth to star Roger Moore as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. It was directed by John Glen and the screenplay was written by George MacDonald Fraser, Richard Maibaum and Michael G. Wilson.

The film's title is taken from a short story in Ian Fleming's 1966 short story collection Octopussy and The Living Daylights, although the film's plot is mostly original. It does, however, contain a scene adapted from the Fleming short story "The Property of a Lady" (included in 1967 and later editions of Octopussy and The Living Daylights). The events of the short story "Octopussy" form part of the title character's background and are recounted by her in the film.

Bond is assigned the task of following a megalomaniacal Soviet general who is stealing jewellery and art objects from the Kremlin art repository. This leads Bond to a wealthy exiled Afghan prince, Kamal Khan, and his associate, Octopussy, and the discovery of a plot to force disarmament in Western Europe with the use of a nuclear weapon.

Octopussy was produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Michael G. Wilson; it was released four months before the non-Eon Bond film Never Say Never Again. The film earned $187.5 million against its $27.5 million budget and received mixed reviews. Praise was directed towards the action sequences and locations, with the plot and humour being targeted for criticism; Maud Adams's portrayal of the title character also drew polarised responses.

Plot[]

After fleeing knife-throwing twin assassins Mischka and Grishka in East Berlin, mortally wounded British agent 009, dressed as a circus clown and carrying a counterfeit Fabergé egg, crashes into the British ambassador's residence and dies. MI6 immediately suspects Soviet involvement and, after the genuine Fabergé egg is to be auctioned in London, sends James Bond to identify the seller. At the auction, Bond swaps the fake egg for the real one and subsequently engages in a bidding war with an exiled Afghan prince named Kamal Khan, forcing Khan to pay £500,000 for the counterfeit. Bond follows Khan to his palace in Rajasthan, India (although, in-story dialogue establishes the setting as New Delhi). Bond defeats Khan in a game of backgammon using Khan's loaded dice. Bond and his MI6 contact, Vijay, escape Khan's bodyguard Gobinda. Later, Khan's associate Magda seduces Bond. He notices her blue-ringed octopus tattoo. Bond permits Magda to steal the real Fabergé egg, which is fitted with Q's listening and tracking device. Gobinda knocks Bond unconscious and takes him to Khan's palace. After Bond escapes, he listens in on the bug and discovers that Khan works with Orlov, a Soviet general seeking to expand Soviet domination to Western Europe.

Bond infiltrates a floating palace in Udaipur and meets its owner, Octopussy, a wealthy businesswoman, smuggler and Khan's associate. She also leads the Octopus cult, of which Magda is a member. Octopussy has a personal connection with Bond: her father is the late Major Dexter-Smythe, whom Bond arrested for treason. Octopussy thanks Bond for allowing the Major to commit suicide rather than face trial. She invites Bond to be her guest. Earlier in Khan's palace and later in Octopussy's palace, Bond discovers that Orlov has been supplying Khan with priceless Soviet treasures, replacing them with replicas while Khan has been smuggling the genuine objects into the West via Octopussy's circus troupe. Orlov is planning to meet Khan at Karl-Marx-Stadt (Chemnitz) in East Germany, where the circus is scheduled to perform. Khan's mercenaries break into the palace to kill Bond, but Bond and Octopussy thwart them. Bond learns from Q that thugs have killed Vijay.

Travelling to East Germany, Bond infiltrates the circus and discovers that Orlov has replaced the Soviet treasures with a nuclear warhead, primed to explode during the circus performance at a US Air Force base in West Germany. The explosion would force Europe into seeking unilateral disarmament in the belief that the bomb belonged to the US and was detonated at the airbase accidentally, leaving the unprotected borders open to a Soviet invasion. Bond takes Orlov's car, drives it along the railroad tracks and boards the moving circus train. Orlov gives chase, but is killed at the border by East German guards after they mistake Orlov for a defector. Bond kills Mischka and Grischka, and after falling from the train, commandeers a car to get to the airbase. Bond penetrates the base and disguises himself as a clown to evade the West German police. He attempts to convince Octopussy that Khan has betrayed her and she realizes that she has been tricked. She assists Bond in deactivating the warhead.

Some time later, with the plan foiled, Khan has returned to his palace and prepares to flee. Bond and Octopussy also return separately to India. Bond arrives at Khan's palace just as Octopussy and her troops launch an assault on the grounds. Octopussy attempts to kill Khan, but is captured by Gobinda. While Octopussy's team, led by Magda, overpower Khan's guards, Khan and Gobinda abandon the palace, taking Octopussy as a hostage. As they attempt to escape in their airplane, Bond clings to the fuselage and disables an engine and the elevator panel. Struggling with Bond, Gobinda plummets off the plane's roof to his death, and Bond and Octopussy jump off the plane onto a nearby cliff only seconds before Khan fatally crashes into a mountain. While the Minister of Defence and General Gogol discuss the transport of the jewelry, Bond recuperates with Octopussy aboard her private yacht in India.

Cast[]

  • Roger Moore as James Bond 007, an MI6 agent.
  • Maud Adams as Octopussy, a jewel smuggler and wealthy businesswoman.
  • Louis Jourdan as Kamal Khan, an exiled Afghan prince.
  • Kristina Wayborn as Magda, trusted subordinate and henchwoman to Octopussy and Khan.
  • Kabir Bedi as Gobinda, Khan's powerful bodyguard.
  • Steven Berkoff as General Orlov, a Soviet general who works with Khan to bomb a US airbase.
  • David Meyer and Anthony Meyer as Mischka and Grischka (credited as Twin One and Twin Two): Orlov's knife-throwing henchmen who are performers in Octopussy's circus.
  • Paul Hardwick as Soviet Chairman, presides over meeting between Orlov and Gogol.
  • Douglas Wilmer as Jim Fanning, antiquities expert who accompanies Bond at the Fabergé auction.
  • Robert Brown as M, head of the British Secret Service and Bond's superior.
  • Walter Gotell as General Anatoly Gogol, the KGB leader
  • Desmond Llewelyn as Q, MI6's gadget designer. Llewelyn was disappointed that he was unable to travel to India since his scenes were filmed at Pinewood Studios.[2]
  • Geoffrey Keen as Frederick Gray (credited as Minister of Defence): The British Minister of Defence.
  • Albert Moses as Sadruddin, head of MI6 station in India, assigned to assist Bond.
  • Bruce Boa as General Peterson.
  • Lois Maxwell as Miss Moneypenny, M's secretary.
  • Michaela Clavell as Penelope Smallbone, Moneypenny's assistant.
  • Vijay Amritraj as Vijay, Bond's MI6 ally in India.

Production[]

Writing[]

Despite financial problems at United Artists after the release of Michael Cimino's Heaven's Gate, the studio greenlit another James Bond film to be produced and released in 1982. In March 1983, one month after the announcement, UA was purchased and merged into Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.[3] Michael G. Wilson, Richard Maibaum, and George MacDonald Fraser were hired to write a film based on short stories from Ian Fleming's posthumous collection Octopussy and The Living Daylights.[4] Little of the plot of the short story "Octopussy" is used, however, with its events simply related by Bond as the family backstory for one of the main characters. The scene at Sotheby's is, though, adapted from the short story "The Property of a Lady" (included in 1967 and later editions of the collection), while Kamal Khan's reaction following the backgammon game is taken from Fleming's novel Moonraker.[5] After initially intending the film to be set in Japan, Fraser chose India as the setting because of his extensive research on the country for his novel Flashman.[4]

Fraser was hired to work on an early draft of the script and he proposed that the story be set in India, as the series had not yet visited said country.[6] The first draft was delivered shortly after the release of For Your Eyes Only,[5] whose writers Michael G. Wilson and Richard Maibaum went on to rework the script. They discarded his idea for the opening sequence, featuring a motorbike chase set at the Isle of Man TT, but still retained moments that producer Albert R. Broccoli had first criticized, where Bond dressed as a gorilla and later, a clown.[6] The film was rewritten to focus on jewelry smuggling after a scandal in the Soviet Union involving General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev's son Yuri Brezhnev manipulating the Moscow State Circus to smuggle jewelry.[3]

Casting[]

James Brolin's screen test as James Bond, with Vijay Amritraj

Following For Your Eyes Only, Roger Moore had expressed a desire to retire from the role of James Bond. His original contract had been for three films, which was fulfilled with The Spy Who Loved Me. Subsequent films were negotiated on a film-by-film basis. Given his reluctance to return for Octopussy, the producers engaged in a semi-public quest for the next Bond, with Timothy Dalton and Lewis Collins[3] being suggested as a replacement and screen tests carried out with Michael Billington, Oliver Tobias, and American actor James Brolin.[4] However, when rival Bond production Never Say Never Again was announced, the producers persuaded Moore to continue in the role as it was thought the established actor would fare better against former Bond Sean Connery.[7] It has been reported that Brolin had been hired and was actually on the point of moving to London to begin work on Octopussy at the time, while Broccoli refused to dispute Tobias's public statements that he was about to be cast as Bond.[8][4]

Sybil Danning was announced in Prevue magazine in 1982 as being Octopussy, but was never actually cast, later explaining that Albert R. Broccoli felt "her personality was too strong".[9] Faye Dunaway was deemed too expensive. Barbara Carrera said she turned down the role in order to play Fatima Blush in the competing Bond film Never Say Never Again. Casting director Jane Jenkins revealed that the Bond producers told her that they wanted a South Asian actress to play Octopussy, so she looked at the only two Indians in predominantly white Hollywood, Persis Khambatta and Susie Coelho. Afterward, she auditioned white actresses, like Barbara Parkins and Kathleen Turner,[3] who she felt could pass for Indian. Finally, Broccoli announced to her that they would cast Swedish-born Maud Adams, who had been a Bond girl in The Man with the Golden Gun, and had been recently used by Eon to screen test the potential Bonds. To acknowledge the nationality, Adams had her hair darkened, and a few lines were added about how she was raised by an Indian family. A different plotline, with Adams's British father exposed as a traitor, was used instead.[10] The role of Magda went to another Swedish actress, Kristina Wayborn, who the producers first noticed playing Greta Garbo in the miniseries The Silent Lovers.[7]

Octopussy is also the first film to feature Robert Brown as M, following the death of Bernard Lee in 1981. Brown was recommended by Moore, who had known him since both worked in the series Ivanhoe.[11] Brown had previously played Admiral Hargreaves in The Spy Who Loved Me, six years earlier.[12]

The first actor to be cast in the film was Vijay Amritraj, a popular professional tennis player whom Broccoli met watching The Championships in Wimbledon. His character of Bond's ally in India was also named Vijay and used a tennis racket as a weapon. For the villains, Broccoli brought in his friend Louis Jourdan as Kamal Khan, while his daughter Barbara suggested Steven Berkoff for Orlov after having seen him perform his own play, Greek, in Los Angeles.[7]

Filming[]

The 311 hangar at RAF Northolt used for filming the jet stunt scene

The filming of Octopussy began in West Berlin on 10 August 1982 with the scene in which Bond arrives at Checkpoint Charlie.[13] Other locations from the city included Spandau Prison, the Brandenburg Gate, and Potsdamer Platz.[4] Principal photography was done by Arthur Wooster and his second unit, who later filmed the knife-throwing scenes.[14] Filming in India began on 12 September 1982 in Udaipur, Rajasthan.[4] The Monsoon Palace served as the exterior of Kamal Khan's palace, while scenes set at Octopussy's palace were filmed at the Lake Palace and Jag Mandir, and Bond's hotel was the Shiv Niwas Palace.[7] In England RAF Northolt, RAF Upper Heyford and RAF Oakley were the main locations.[15] The Karl-Marx-Stadt railways scenes were shot at the Nene Valley Railway in Peterborough, while studio work was performed at Pinewood Studios and the 007 Stage.[16] Parts of the film were also shot in Hurricane Mesa, Hurricane-LaVerkin Bridge, and New Harmony in Utah.[17] Most of the crew as well as Roger Moore had diet problems while shooting in India.[2]

The Monsoon Palace

The pre-title sequence has a scene where Bond flies a nimble homebuilt Bede BD-5J aircraft through an open hangar.[14] Hollywood stunt pilot and aerial co-ordinator J.W. "Corkey" Fornof, who piloted the aircraft at more than 150 miles per hour (240 km/h), has said, "Today, few directors would consider such a stunt. They'd just whip it up in a computer lab."[18] Having collapsible wings, the plane was shown hidden in a horse trailer; however, a dummy was used for this shot.[19] Filming inside the hangar was achieved by attaching the aircraft to an old Jaguar car with a steel pole, driving with the roof removed.[14] The second unit were able to add enough obstacles including people and objects inside the hangar to hide the car and the pole and make it look as though Moore was flying inside the base. For the explosion after the mini jet escapes, however, a miniature of the hangar was constructed and filmed up close. The exploding pieces of the hangar were in reality only four inches (10 cm) long.[7]

Much later in the film, Bond steals a Mercedes-Benz saloon car at a depot defended by antagonist soldiers, then as he tries to escape drives over barrier spikes which shred his tyres. So he manoeuvres his vehicle's bare wheels onto the rails to pursue Octopussy's circus train. During filming, the car had intact tyres in one scene so as to avoid any mishap.[19]

Acrostar from Octopussy seen at a convention

Stunt coordinator Martin Grace suffered an injury while shooting the scene where Bond climbs down the train to catch Octopussy's attention.[20] During the second day of filming, Grace – who was Roger Moore's stunt double for the scene – carried on doing the scene longer than he should have, due to a miscommunication with the second unit director, and the train entered a section of the track which the team had not properly surveyed. Shortly afterwards, a concrete pole fractured Grace's left leg. The cyclist seen passing in the middle of a sword fight during the baby taxi chase sequence was in fact a bystander who passed through the shot, oblivious to the filming; his intrusion was captured by two cameras and left in the final film.[7] Cameraman Alan Hume's last scene was that of Octopussy's followers rowing. That day, little time was left and it was decided to film the sunset at the eleventh hour.[21]

The Fabergé egg in the film is based on a real one; made in 1897 and which was called the Coronation Egg. The egg in the film is listed in the auction catalogue as being "The Property of a Lady", which is the name of one of Ian Fleming's short stories released in more recent editions of the collection Octopussy and The Living Daylights.

In a bit of diegesis that "breaks the fourth wall", Vijay signals his affiliation to MI6 by playing the "James Bond Theme" on a recorder while Bond is disembarking from a boat in the harbour near the City Palace.[22] Like his fictional counterpart, the real Vijay had a distinct fear of snakes and found it difficult to hold the basket during filming.[7]

Music[]

Main article: Octopussy (soundtrack)

After being absent in For Your Eyes Only due to tax problems, John Barry returned to do his ninth Bond score.[23] Barry made frequent references to the James Bond Theme to reinforce Octopussy as the official Bond film, given that the motif could not be featured in Never Say Never Again, and opted to include only subtle references to the music of India, avoiding instruments such as the sitar for feeling that authentic music "didn't work dramatically". He also wrote opening theme "All Time High" with lyricist Tim Rice. "All Time High", sung by Rita Coolidge, is one of seven musical themes in the James Bond series whose song titles do not refer to the film's title. "All Time High" spent four weeks at number one on the United States' Adult Contemporary singles chart and reached number 36 on the Billboard Hot 100.[22]

The soundtrack album was released in 1985 by A&M Records; the compact disc version of this release was recalled due to a colour printing error which omitted the credits from the album cover, making it a rare collector's item. In 1997, the soundtrack was re-issued by Rykodisc, with the original soundtrack music and some film dialogue, on an Enhanced CD version. The 2003 release, by EMI, restored the original soundtrack music without dialogue.[24]

Release and reception[]

Octopussy was the first Bond film released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, which had absorbed United Artists, the previous distributor of Eon Bond films. Octopussy premiered at the Odeon Leicester Square on 6 June 1983, with Prince Charles and Diana, Princess of Wales in attendance.[25] The film earned slightly less than For Your Eyes Only, but still grossed $187.5 million, with $67.8 million in the United States alone.[26] It also performed better than Never Say Never Again, the non-Eon Bond remake of Thunderball which was released a few months later and gathered $55 million in North America.[27] At the 11th Saturn Awards, Maud Adams was nominated for Best Supporting Actress.[28] The film won the Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing.[29] In Germany, it won the Golden Screen Award for selling over 3 million tickets.[30]

Contemporary reviews[]

Gary Arnold of The Washington Post felt Octopussy was "one of the snazziest, wittiest productions" of the film series, in which he praised John Glen's direction, Louis Jourdan's performance, and the screenplay.[31] Writing for The New York Times, Vincent Canby praised the film, but noted how "much of the story is incomprehensible".[32] Gene Siskel, reviewing for The Chicago Tribune, awarded the film three stars out of four, stating the film was "surprisingly entertaining—surprising because in his previous five Bond appearances Roger Moore has always come off as a smug stiff. In Octopussy Moore relaxes a bit and, just as important, his role is subordinated to the film's many and extremely exciting action scenes. Octopussy has the most sustained excitement in a Bond film since You Only Live Twice." However, he felt that the character Octopussy was detrimental to the film and that the action "blunts a script that is weak on characterization and long on male chauvinism".[33]

Variety felt the film's strong points were "the spectacular aerial stuntwork marking both the pre-credits teaser and extremely dangerous-looking climax. The rest of the action scenes are well-executed but suffer from a sense of deja vu, as in a speeding train that recalls Sean Connery's derring-do in The Great Train Robbery".[34] Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times felt the film proved "to be business as usual, no better or worse than most of its predecessors. After all this time, it's amazing that the same old formula still plays: the gadgetry, gorgeous girls, travelogue locales and the shameless double-entendres–in this instance, octo-entendres." He complimented Glen's direction, but further remarked that the screenwriters had "given him too much to unravel. At 2 hours and 10 minutes, Octopussy seems a good 20 to 30 minutes too long for light escapist fare. The familiar chases and old-time serial-type cliff-hanging crises come fast but a mite too thick."[35]

Retrospective reviews[]

James Berardinelli claimed that the movie was long and confusing, and strongly criticised Steven Berkoff's performance, describing it as "offensively bad" and the worst performance of any Bond villain.[36] A particular point of contention are comedic scenes where Bond is dressed in a clown costume, a gorilla outfit and doing a Tarzan yell during a jungle chase.[37] As a result, it frequently ranks low in rankings of James Bond films, such as the ones by Entertainment Weekly,[38] MSN,[39] and IGN.[40] C.J. Henderson reviewed Octopussy in The Space Gamer No. 65.[41] Henderson commented that "there isn't a moment in the movie when we worry for the slightest instant that anything could happen to suave ol' James. Predictably, it doesn't. To kill Bond would be to lose the most bankable genre character ever brought to the movies."[41] On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 43% based on 49 reviews with an average rating of 5.20/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "Despite a couple of electrifying action sequences, Octopussy is a formulaic, anachronistic Bond outing."[42]

By contrast, the elegance of the film locations in India, and the stunts on the aircraft and train were appreciated.[43] GQ writer David Williams said Octopussy was "one of the best 'Bad Films' of the franchise", praising the entertaining characters but finding the silliness and Moore's advanced age problematic.[44] Danny Peary wrote that Octopussy "has slow spots, little humour, and villains who aren't nearly of the calibre of Dr. No, Goldfinger, or Blofeld. Also, the filmmakers make the mistake of demeaning Bond by having him swing through the trees and emitting a Tarzan cry and having him hide in a gorilla suit and later disguise himself as a clown (who all the kids at the circus laugh at). It's as if they're trying to remind us that everything is tongue-in-cheek, but that makes little sense, for the film is much more serious than typical Bond outings – in fact, it recalls the tone of From Russia with Love."[45]

Character reviews[]

In 2006, Fandango ranked the character Octopussy as one of the top-10 Bond girls, and described her as "a powerful, impressive woman".[46] Entertainment Weekly, however, ranked her as the 10th-worst Bond girl in one list in 2006[47] but as the best "babe" of the Roger Moore James Bond films in another list in 2008.[48] A poll by Bond fans in 2008 elected Octopussy as the tenth-worst Bond Girl.[49] Yahoo! Movies included the character in a 2012 list of the best Bond girl names, commenting: "This Bond girl moniker was so good, they named the film after her!"[50]

See also[]

References[]

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  2. ^ a b Hume, 121
  3. ^ a b c d Field, Matthew (2015). Some kind of hero : 007 : the remarkable story of the James Bond films. Ajay Chowdhury. Stroud, Gloucestershire. ISBN 978-0-7509-6421-0. OCLC 930556527.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Octopussy". catalog.afi.com. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
  5. ^ a b Barnes, Alan; Hearn, Marcus (2001). Kiss Kiss Bang! Bang!: the Unofficial James Bond Film Companion. Batsford Books. p. 149. ISBN 978-0-7134-8182-2.
  6. ^ a b Fraser, George MacDonald (2019). "Shooting Script 8 - You Want to Put Bond in a Gorilla Suit?". The Light's on at Signpost. HarperCollins. pp. 234–46. ISBN 978-0008337285.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Inside Octopussy: An Original Documentary. Octopussy (Ultimate Edition): MGM Home Entertainment.
  8. ^ Jacks, Kelso (7 April 2020). "Roger Moore Was Almost Replaced As James Bond: Watch James Brolin's Audition". ScreenRant. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
  9. ^ "11 Questions With Sybil Danning". Battle Royale With Cheese. 7 May 2012. Archived from the original on 15 May 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
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  11. ^ Moore, Roger (2012). Bond on Bond: The Ultimate Book on 50 Years of Bond Movies. Lyons Press. p. 278. ISBN 978-1843178859.
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  13. ^ "August: This Month in Bond History". Archived from the original on 5 August 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2007.
  14. ^ a b c Hume, Alan; Gareth Owen (May 2004). "Potted Palms". A Life Through the Lens: Memoirs of a Film Cameraman. McFarland & Company. p. 122. ISBN 0-7864-1803-6.
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  16. ^ "19 top secret Bond locations around Britain". The Telegraph. 28 October 2015. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
  17. ^ D'Arc, James V. (2010). When Hollywood came to town: a history of moviemaking in Utah (1st ed.). Layton, Utah: Gibbs Smith. ISBN 9781423605874.
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  19. ^ a b "Episode 2". Main Hoon Bond. Season 1. Episode 2. Mumbai. 54 minutes in. Star Gold.
  20. ^ Hume, 124
  21. ^ Hume, 125
  22. ^ a b Burlingame, Jon (2012). The Music of James Bond. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 156–163. ISBN 978-019-986330-3.
  23. ^ Fiegel, Eddi (2012). John Barry: A Sixties Theme: From James Bond to Midnight Cowboy. Faber & Faber. p. 207. ISBN 978-0571299119.
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  25. ^ Moore, p. 210
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  29. ^ "1984 Golden Reel Awards". IMDb. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
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  32. ^ Canby, Vincent (10 June 1983). "Film: James Bond Meets 'Octopussy'". The New York Times. p. C17. Archived from the original on 24 May 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2007.
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  45. ^ Peary, Danny (1986). Guide for the Film Fanatic. Simon & Schuster. pp. 306–7.
  46. ^ Morgan, Kim (12 November 2006). "The Top 10 Bond Girls". Fandango. Archived from the original on 19 March 2008.
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  49. ^ "Denise Richards Voted Worst Bond Girl Ever". Zap2it. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
  50. ^ Parfitt, Orlando (24 September 2012). "James Bond at 50: the best Bond Girl names". Yahoo! Movies UK. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 4 March 2014.

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