Penrhyn language

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Penrhyn
Mangarongaro, Penrhynese, Tongareva
tongareva
Native toCook Islands
RegionPenrhyn Island, Northern Cook Islands
Native speakers
200 (2011 census)[1]
Language family
Austronesian
Language codes
ISO 639-3pnh
Glottologpenr1237
ELPPenrhyn

The Penrhyn language is a Cook Islands Maori dialectal variant[2] belonging to the Polynesian language family spoken by about 200 people on Penrhyn Island and other islands in the Northern Cook Islands.[3] It is considered to be an endangered language as many of its users are shifting to Cook Islands Māori and English.

Phonology[]

Main article: Cook Islands Maori § Writing system and pronunciation

Alphabet[]

A, E, H, I, K, M, N, Ng, O, P, R, T, U, V[4][failed verification]

Long vowels are written with a macron.

Consonants[]

Consonants in Penrhyn
Labial Alveolar Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ ⟨ng⟩
Stop p t k
Fricative (f) v s h
Liquid l ⟨r⟩

Tongareva is one of the few Cook Islands languages without a glottal stop [ʔ]. There is allophonic voicing of stops present. [f] is present in loanwords from languages like Rakahanga-Manihiki language.[5][failed verification]

Grammar[]

Main article: Cook Islands Maori § Grammar

References[]

  1. ^ Penrhyn at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Te Reo Maori Act 2003 – via www.paclii.org
  3. ^ "Penrhyn". Ethnologue. Retrieved 7 March 2013.
  4. ^ "Penrhyn Dictionary - Dictionary of Cook Islands Languages". penrhyn.cookislandsdictionary.com.
  5. ^ "Penrhyn (Tongareva)". Dictionary of Cook Islands Languages. Suva: The University of the South Pacific.


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