Plecia

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Plecia
Plecia ruficollis op Setaria megaphylla, Manie vd Schijff BT, e.jpg
mating pair on underside
of Setaria megaphylla leaf
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Bibionidae
Genus: Plecia
Wiedemann, 1828
Type species
Hirtea fulvicollis (Fabricius, 1805)
Species

see text

Synonyms
Close-up of head, P. nearctica

Plecia is a genus of March flies (Bibionidae).

Species[]

  • Luo & Yang, 1988
  • Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. americana Hardy, 1940[3]
  • Skuse, 1888[4]
  • Edwards, 1925[5]
  • Luo & Yang, 1988
  • Hardy, 1940[3]
  • Luo & Yang, 1988
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Luo & Yang, 1988
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Fitzgerald, 1998
  • Hardy, 1949
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Luo & Yang, 1988
  • Yang & Luo, 1989
  • Macquart, 1846
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Hardy, 1940[3]
  • Yang & Luo, 1989
  • Skuse, 1889
  • Hardy, 1982
  • Yang & Luo, 1989
  • (Fabricius, 1805)
  • Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Hardy, 1940[3]
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Edwards, 1925[5]
  • Hardy, 1940[3]
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Yang & Luo, 1989
  • Duda, 1933
  • Hardy, 1940[3]
  • Yang & Luo
  • Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
  • P. nearctica Hardy, 1940[3] – Lovebug
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
  • Skuse, 1889
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Fitzgerald, 1998
  • Hardy, 1940[3]
  • Wiedemann, 1824
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Fitzgerald, 1998
  • Hardy, 1940[3]
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Hardy, 1940[3]
  • Fitzgerald, 1998
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Loew, 1858
  • Luo & Yang, 1988
  • (Olivier, 1789) – Harlequin fly
  • Hardy, 1940[3]
  • Hardy, 1940[3]
  • Hardy, 1940[3]
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Fitzgerald, 1998
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Hardy, 1961
  • Hardy, 1968[2]
  • Fitzgerald, 1998
  • Fitzgerald, 1998
  • Fitzgerald, 1998

Fossil record[]

A number of fossil species have been assigned to Plecia with ages dating from the Cretaceous (Campanian) through the early Pleistocene (Gelasian):[6]

Cretaceous[]

  • † Peterson, 1975 (Campanian, , MB)

Paleocene[]

Eocene[]

Ypresian, Allenby Formation, Canada
  • † (Handlirsch, 1910)
  • †P. canadensis (Handlirsch, 1910)
  • † (Handlirsch, 1910)
  • † Rice, 1959 (Allenby Formation)
  • † (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
  • † (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
  • † (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
  • † (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
  • † Scudder, 1879 (Allenby Formation)
  • † (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
  • † Rice, 1959 (Allenby Formation)
Ypresian, Driftwood shales, Canada
  • † Rice, 1959
Ypresian, , Canada
  • † (Handlirsch, 1910)
  • † (Handlirsch, 1910)
  • † (Handlirsch, 1910)
  • † (Handlirsch, 1910) (Horsefly Shales)
  • † (Handlirsch, 1910) (Horsefly Shales)
Ypresian, "Mission Creek site", Canada
  • † Rice, 1959
Ypresian, , France
  • † Gee et al., 2001
Ypresian, Green River Formation, USA
  • † Fitzgerald, 1999
  • † Scudder, 1890
  • † Scudder, 1890
  • † Cockerell, 1925
  • † Cockerell, 1917
  • † Cockerell, 1916
Priabonian, Baltic Amber
  • † Meunier, 1904
  • † Skartveit, 2009
  • † Skartveit, 2009
  • † Skartveit, 2009
  • † Meunier, 1899
  • † Skartveit, 2009
Priabonian, France
  • † Theobald, 1937 ( Célas site, France)
  • † Oustalet, 1872
  • † Theobald, 1937
  • † Theobald, 1937
Pribonian, United Kingdom
  • † Cockerell, 1921 (Bembridge Marls, UK)
Priabonian, Florissant Formation, USA
  • † Cockerell, 1915
  • † Cockerell, 1917
  • † Cockerell, 1917
  • † Melander, 1949
  • † Cockerell, 1911
  • † Melander, 1949
  • † Melander, 1949

Oligocene[]

Rupelian, , France
  • † Förster, 1891
Rupelian, Corent, France
  • † Oustalet, 1870
  • † Oustalet, 1870
  • † Oustalet, 1870
  • † Oustalet, 1870
  • † Oustalet, 1870
  • † Oustalet, 1870
Rupelian, , France
  • † Gentilini, 1993
  • † Gentilini, 1993
  • † Gentilini, 1993
Rupelian, , France
  • † Brongniart, 1876
Chattian, Niveau du gypse d'Aix, France
  • † Heer, 1849
  • † Meunier, 1915
  • † Theobald, 1937
  • † Heyden & Heyden, 1865
Chattian, , France
  • † Skartveit & Nel, 2017
Chattian, Rott Formation, Germany
  • † (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
  • † Theobald, 1937
  • † (Germar, 1837)
  • † Statz, 1943
  • † (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
  • † Heyden & Heyden, 1865
  • † (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
  • † Oustalet, 1870
  • † Heyden & Heyden, 1865
  • † Heyden & Heyden, 1865
  • † Heer, 1849
  • † (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
  • † Heer, 1849
  • † Statz, 1943
  • † (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
  • † Heyden & Heyden, 1865
  • † Heyden & Heyden, 1865
  • † Statz, 1943
  • † (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
  • † (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)

Miocene[]

Aquitanian, Mexican amber, Mexico
  • † Hardy, 1971
Burdigalian, . China
  • † Zhang, 1989
  • † Zhang, 1993
  • † Zhang et al., 1994
  • † Zhang, 1989
  • † Zhang et al., 1994
  • † Evenhuis, 1994
  • † Hong & Wang 1985
  • † Zhang, 1993
  • † Zhang, 1989
  • † Zhang, 1989
  • † Zhang, 1989
  • † Zhang, 1989
  • † Zhang, 1989
Burdigalian, , Russia
  • † Cockerell, 1925
  • † Cockerell, 1925
  • † Cockerell, 1925
  • † Cockerell, 1925
  • † Cockerell, 1925
  • † Cockerell, 1925
Burdigalian - Langhian, , Czech Republic
  • † Novák, 1878
Langhian, , Japan
  • † Fujiyama, 1970
Serravallian, Radoboj Formation, Croatia
  • † Heer, 1849
Serravallian, (Upper Freshwater-Molasse), Germany
  • † Heer, 1849
  • † Heer, 1849
  • † Skartveit & Pika, 2014
Messinian, , Italy
  • † Gentilini, 1991
  • † Gentilini, 1991
  • † Gentilini, 1991

Pliocene[]

Piacenzian, , Japan
  • † Fujiyama & Iwao, 1974

Pleistocene[]

Gelasian, Lac Chambon, France
  • † Piton, 1939
  • † Piton, 1935

Revision of the Bibionidae fossil record from the Oligocene of Germany by Skartveit and Wedmann (2021) included the redescription of a number of Plecia species.[7]

  • (Heyden & Heyden, 1865) (formerly Plecia heeri and syn P. elegantula )

References[]

  1. ^ Hardy, D. Elmo (1950). "Studies in Pacific Bibionidae (Diptera). Part I.". Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. 14: 75–85.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Hardy, D. Elmo (1968). "Bibionidae (Diptera) of New Guinea" (PDF). Pacific Insects. Honolulu, Hawaii, U. S. A.: The Bishop Museum. 10 (3–4): 443–513. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Hardy, D. Elmo (1940). "Studies in New World Plecia (Bibionidae: Diptera)". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. Kansas: Kansas (Central States) Entomological Society. 13 (1): 15–27. JSTOR 25081585.
  4. ^ Skuse, F. A. A. (1888). "Diptera of Australia. Part I". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 3 (2): 17–145, pls. 2–3. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  5. ^ a b Edwards, F. W. (1925). "Diptera Nematocera from the Dutch East Indies. [II.]". Treubia. 6: 154–172.
  6. ^ Fossilworks Plecia 12 July 2021
  7. ^ Skartveit, J.; Wedmann, S. (2021). "A revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Oligocene of Germany". Zootaxa. 4909 (1): 1–77. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4909.1.1.
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