Poltergeist (1982 film)

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Poltergeist
Poltergeist (1982).png
Theatrical release poster
Directed byTobe Hooper
Screenplay by
Story bySteven Spielberg
Produced by
  • Frank Marshall
  • Steven Spielberg
Starring
CinematographyMatthew F. Leonetti
Edited byMichael Kahn
Music byJerry Goldsmith
Production
companies
Distributed byMGM/UA Entertainment Co.
Release date
  • June 4, 1982 (1982-06-04)
Running time
114 minutes[1]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$10.7 million
Box office$121.7 million[2]

Poltergeist is a 1982 American supernatural horror film directed by Tobe Hooper and written by Steven Spielberg, Michael Grais and Mark Victor from a story by Spielberg. It stars JoBeth Williams, Craig T. Nelson, Heather O'Rourke and Beatrice Straight, and was produced by Spielberg and Frank Marshall. The film focuses on a suburban family whose home is invaded by malevolent ghosts that abduct their daughter.

As Spielberg was contractually unable to direct another film while he made E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Hooper was selected based on his work on The Texas Chain Saw Massacre and The Funhouse. Spielberg conceived Poltergeist as a horror sequel to his 1977 film Close Encounters of the Third Kind titled Night Skies; however, Hooper was less interested in the sci-fi elements and suggested they collaborate on a ghost story.[3] Accounts differ as to the level of Spielberg's involvement, but it is clear that he was frequently on set during filming and exerted significant creative control. For that reason, some have expressed the view that Spielberg should be considered the film's co-director or even main director, though both Spielberg and Hooper have disputed this.

Released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer on June 4, 1982, Poltergeist was a major critical and commercial success, becoming the eighth-highest-grossing film of 1982. Years since its release, the film has been recognized as a horror classic. It was nominated for three Academy Awards, named by the Chicago Film Critics Association as the 20th-scariest film ever made, and the scene of the clown doll attack was ranked as No. 80 on Bravo's 100 Scariest Movie Moments.[4][5] The film also appeared at No. 84 on American Film Institute's 100 Years...100 Thrills, a list of America's most heart-pounding movies.[6] It was followed by Poltergeist II: The Other Side (1986), Poltergeist III (1988), and a 2015 remake.

Plot[]

Steven and Diane Freeling live in Cuesta Verde, a California planned community. Steven is a successful real estate developer, and Diane looks after their three children: sixteen-year-old Dana, eight-year-old Robbie, and five-year-old Carol Anne. Late one night, Carol Anne inexplicably converses with the family's television set while it displays post-broadcast static. The next night, she again fixates on the TV, and a ghostly white hand emerges from the screen.

Bizarre events occur the following day: a glass of milk spontaneously breaks, silverware bends, and furniture moves on its own. These phenomena initially seem benign, but soon grow more sinister. During a severe thunderstorm, the gnarled backyard tree seemingly comes alive. A large limb crashhes through the children's bedroom window and grabs Robbie. While the family rushes outside to rescue him, Carol Anne is sucked into a portal inside the closet. As the family frantically search for her, Carol Anne's voice calls out from the TV.

Parapsychologist Dr. Martha Lesh, arrives with two team members to investigate. They determine there is a poltergeist intrusion involving multiple ghosts. Meanwhile, Steven learns from his boss, Mr. Teague, that the Cuesta Verde development was built on a former cemetery and the graves were moved to a nearby location.

Dana and Robbie are sent away for safety, while Dr. Lesh calls in Tangina Barrons, a spiritual medium. Tangina determines the spirits are lingering in a different "sphere of consciousness" and are not at rest. They are attracted to Carol Anne's life force. Tangina also detects a dark presence she calls the "Beast," who is restraining Carol Anne and manipulating her life force to prevent the other spirits from crossing over.

The entrance to the other dimension is in the children's bedroom closet and exits through the living room ceiling. Diane, secured by a rope, passes through the portal, guided by another rope previously threaded through both portals. Diane retrieves Carol Anne, and they drop through the ceiling to the living room floor, covered in ectoplasm. As they recover from the ordeal, Tangina proclaims the house is "clean."

Shortly after, the Freeling family have nearly finished packing to move out of the house. Before the family is to leave for the Holiday Inn, Steven goes to his office while Dana is on a date, leaving Diane at home with Robbie and Carol Anne. The "Beast" ambushes Diane and the children, aiming for a second kidnapping attempt. The unseen force drives Diane to the backyard in the pouring rain, dragging her into the flooded swimming pool excavation. Skeletal corpses and coffins float up around her in the muddy hole. Diane crawls out and rushes back into the house. She rescues the children, and they escape to the outside as more coffins and decomposed bodies erupt from the ground.

Steven, accompanied by Teague, arrives home to the mayhem. As more coffins appear, Steven realizes Teague never relocated the cemetery and merely moved the gravestones, leaving the bodies. The Freelings jump into their car and collect Dana just as she returns home. They flee Cuesta Verde as the house implodes into the portal while stunned neighbors look on. The family checks into their motel room, where Steven promptly rips out the TV and shoves it outside.

Cast[]

Production[]

Mostly filmed on Roxbury Street in Simi Valley, California.[7][8]

Creative credit[]

A clause in the Universal Studios contract prevented Steven Spielberg from directing another film while preparing E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial.[9] According to Tobe Hooper, the very core concept of the film was an idea he pitched to Spielberg after turning down the offer to direct Night Skies.[10] E.T. and Poltergeist were released a week apart in June, 1982; Time and Newsweek referred to it as "The Spielberg Summer". There were suggestions that Spielberg, in addition to being Poltergeist's co-producer and co-writer, had also served as its de facto co-director. This view was bolstered by various statements Spielberg made about his involvement, including a Los Angeles Times quote on May 24, 1982: "Tobe isn't ... a take-charge sort of guy. If a question was asked and an answer wasn't immediately forthcoming, I'd jump in and say what we could do. Tobe would nod agreement, and that became the process of collaboration."[11]

That same article noted that the Directors Guild of America had "opened an investigation into the question of whether or not Hooper's official credit was being denigrated by statements Spielberg has made, apparently claiming authorship."[12] The investigation ended in an arbitrator's ruling that "MGM/UA Entertainment Co. must pay $15,000 to director Tobe Hooper because the studio gave producer Steven Spielberg a bigger credit than Hooper got in its trailers," although also noting that "broader issues of dispute exist between producer-writer (Spielberg) and the director" (original damages of $200,000 were originally sought by the DGA).[13] Co-producer Frank Marshall told the LA Times that "the creative force of the movie was Steven. Tobe was the director and was on the set every day. But Steven did the design for every storyboard and he was on the set every day except for three days when he was in Hawaii with Lucas." However, Hooper stated that he "did fully half of the storyboards."[9]

The week of the film's release, The Hollywood Reporter printed an open letter to Hooper from Spielberg.

Regrettably, some of the press has misunderstood the rather unique, creative relationship which you and I shared throughout the making of Poltergeist.

I enjoyed your openness in allowing me, as a writer and a producer, a wide berth for creative involvement, just as I know you were happy with the freedom you had to direct Poltergeist so wonderfully.

Through the screenplay you accepted a vision of this very intense movie from the start, and as the director, you delivered the goods. You performed responsibly and professionally throughout, and I wish you great success on your next project.[14]

In a 2007 Ain't It Cool News interview, Zelda Rubinstein discussed her recollections of the shooting process. She said "Steven directed all six days" she was on set: "Tobe set up the shots and Steven made the adjustments." She also alleged that Hooper "allowed some unacceptable chemical agents into his work," and that during her audition, "Tobe was only partially there."[15] Comments from actor James Karen, concerning a 25th-anniversary Q&A event which both attended, categorized Rubinstein's remarks as unfair to Hooper. "She laid into Tobe and I don't know why ... Tobe was kind to her."[16]

In a 2012 Rue Morgue article commemorating Poltergeist's 30th anniversary, interviews were conducted with several cast and crew members. In response to the magazine's query about the authorship issue, cast members unanimously sided with Hooper. James Karen said, "Tobe had a hard time on that film. It's tough when a producer is on set every day and there's always been a lot of talk about that. I considered Tobe my director. That's my stand on all those rumours." Martin Casella stated: "So much of Poltergeist looks and feels like a Spielberg movie but my recollection is that Tobe was mostly directing." Oliver Robins: "The guy who sets up the shots, blocks the actors and works with the crew to create a vision is the director. In those terms, Tobe was the director. He's the one who directed me, anyway." Make-up and effects artist Craig Reardon said Spielberg often had the final say. The original version of the cancerous steak, for instance, was created by Reardon per Hooper's specifications—but vetoed by Spielberg: "Although the first steak did not represent a killing amount of work, it had consumed enough time and effort—none of which I could afford to waste—that I determined in the future to make certain whatever I prepped would be approved in advance by Spielberg as well as Hooper."[16]

Following completion of principal photography in the first week of August 1981, Hooper went on to spend ten weeks in the editing room compiling the first cut of the film.[17] During much of this time, Spielberg was at Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) supervising the VFX photography.

Hooper was asked about the controversy in a 2015 interview with online journal Film Talk and said the rumors originated from a Los Angeles Times article which reported on Spielberg shooting footage of "little race cars" in front of the house while Hooper was busy elsewhere shooting another scene. "From there it became its own legend. That is how I remember it; I was making the movie and later on, I heard this stuff after it was finished. I really can’t set the record much straighter than that."[18]

According to the Blumhouse Productions website, first assistant cameraman John R. Leonetti reported that Spielberg directed the film more so than Hooper, stating, "Hooper was so nice and just happy to be there. He creatively had input. Steven developed the movie, and it was his to direct, except there was anticipation of a director's strike, so he was 'the producer' but really he directed it in case there was going to be a strike and Tobe was cool with that. It wasn't anything against Tobe. Every once in a while, he would actually leave the set and let Tobe do a few things just because. But really, Steven directed it."[19]

Following Hooper's passing on August 27, 2017, director Mick Garris, a publicist on the film who made several on-set visits, came to Hooper's defense on the Post Mortem podcast:

Tobe was always calling action and cut. Tobe had been deeply involved in all of the pre-production and everything. But Steven is a guy who will come in and call the shots. And so, you're on your first studio film, hired by Steven Spielberg, who is enthusiastically involved in this movie. Are you gonna say, 'Stop that... let me do this'? Which [Tobe] did.

[...] Tobe was a terrific filmmaker. I don't think it's that Steven was controlling. I think it was Steven was enthusiastic. And nobody was there to protect Tobe. But all of the pre-production was done by Tobe. Tobe was there throughout. Tobe's vision is very much realized there. And Tobe got credit because he deserved credit. Including... Steven Spielberg said that.

[...] Yes, Steven Spielberg was very much involved. It's a Tobe Hooper film.[20]

Special effects[]

The special effects for Poltergeist were produced by Industrial Light and Magic and overseen by Richard Edlund. The film won the BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects and earned a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, which it lost to Spielberg's other summer hit, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial.

Music[]

The music for Poltergeist was written by veteran composer Jerry Goldsmith. He wrote several themes for the score including the lullaby "Carol Anne's Theme" to represent blissful suburban life and the young female protagonist, an elegant semi-religious melody for dealings of the souls caught between worlds, and several dissonant, atonal blasts during moments of terror.[21][22] The score went on to garner Goldsmith an Oscar nomination for Best Original Score, though he lost to fellow composer John Williams for E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial.

Goldsmith's score was first released in 1982 on LP through MGM Records in a 38-minute version. Rhino Movie Music later released a 68-minute cut on CD in 1997. A two-disc soundtrack album later followed on December 9, 2010 by Film Score Monthly featuring additional source and alternate material. The 2010 release also included previously unreleased tracks from Goldsmith's score to The Prize (1963).[21][23]

There is an alternate version of "Carol Anne's theme" which has lyrics. That version is unofficially titled "Bless this House" (which is a line from the chorus). It was not featured in the film, but was part of the original album.

MPAA rating[]

Poltergeist initially received an R rating[24] from the MPAA. Steven Spielberg and Tobe Hooper disagreed with the R rating and succeeded in having it changed to PG on appeal.[24] In 1984, the MPAA expanded its rating classifications by adding the PG-13 option.

Reception[]

Box office[]

Poltergeist was released theatrically by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer on June 4, 1982. The film was a commercial success and earned $76,606,280 in the United States, making it the highest-grossing horror film of 1982 and eighth overall for the year.[25]

Critical response[]

The film was well received by critics and is considered by many as a classic of the horror genre[26][27] as well as one of the best films of 1982.[28][29][30] On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes it has an approval rating of 86% based on reviews from 63 critics, with an average rating of 7.30/10. The site's consensus reads: "Smartly filmed, tightly scripted, and—most importantly—consistently frightening, Poltergeist is a modern horror classic."[31] On Metacritic it has a score of 79% based on reviews from 16 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[32] Roger Ebert gave Poltergeist three stars out of four and called it "an effective thriller, not so much because of the special effects, as because Hooper and Spielberg have tried to see the movie's strange events through the eyes of the family members, instead of just standing back and letting the special effects overwhelm the cast along with the audience."[33] Vincent Canby of The New York Times called it "a marvelously spooky ghost story" with "extraordinary technical effects" that were "often eerie and beautiful but also occasionally vividly gruesome."[34] Andrew Sarris, in The Village Voice, wrote that when Carol Anne is lost, the parents and the two older children "come together in blood-kin empathy to form a larger-than-life family that will reach down to the gates of hell to save its loved ones."[35] In the Los Angeles Herald Examiner, Peter Rainer wrote:

Buried within the plot of Poltergeist is a basic, splendid fairy tale scheme: the story of a little girl who puts her parents through the most outrageous tribulation to prove their love for her. Underlying most fairy tales is a common theme: the comforts of family. Virtually all fairy tales begin with a disrupting of the family order, and their conclusion is usually a return to order.[35]

Not all reviews were as positive. Gene Siskel gave the film one-and-a-half stars out of four, writing that Poltergeist "is very good at getting the details of suburban life right—in other words, it sets its stage beautifully—but when it comes time for the terror to begin, the whole thing is very, very silly."[36] Gary Arnold of The Washington Post observed that the film "looks and feels decidedly patchy, as if it had been assembled by different hands frequently working at cross purposes."[37] Sheila Benson of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "In terms of simple, flat-out, roof-rattling fright, 'Poltergeist' gives full value. In terms of story, however, simple is indeed the word, and dumb might be a better one. And when so many effects are lavished on a story this frail, you have a lopsided film."[38]

Accolades[]

The film has continued to receive recognition more than 35 years after its release. Poltergeist was selected by The New York Times as one of The Best 1000 Movies Ever Made.[39] It also received recognition from the American Film Institute, with a number 84 ranking on AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills list;[40] "They're here" was named the 69th-greatest movie quote on AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes.[41]

The film received three Oscar nominations: Best Original Score, Best Sound Effects Editing, and Best Visual Effects, losing them all to Spielberg's E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial.[42]

Year Association Category Result
1983 Academy Award Academy Award for Best Original Score Nominated
Academy Award for Best Sound Effects Editing Nominated
Academy Award for Best Visual Effects Nominated
Saturn Award Saturn Award for Best Horror or Thriller Film Won
Saturn Award for Best Make-up Won
Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress – Zelda Rubinstein Won
Saturn Award for Best Actress – JoBeth Williams Nominated
Saturn Award for Best Director – Tobe Hooper Nominated
Saturn Award for Best Music – Jerry Goldsmith Nominated
British Academy Film Awards BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects Won
Young Artist Awards Young Artist Award for Best Younger Supporting Actress – Heather O'Rourke Nominated

Reissues[]

The film was reissued on October 29, 1982 to take advantage of the Halloween weekend. It was shown in theaters for one night only on October 4, 2007 to promote the new restored and remastered 25th-anniversary DVD, released five days later. This event also included the documentary "They Are Here: The Real World of Poltergeists", which was created for the new DVD.

The Poltergeist franchise is believed by some to be cursed due to the premature deaths of several people associated with the film,[43] a notion that was the focus of an E! True Hollywood Story.

Sequels and remakes[]

In 1986, Poltergeist II: The Other Side retained the family but introduced a new motive for the Beast's behavior, tying him to an evil cult leader named Henry Kane, who led his religious sect to their doom in the 1820s. As the Beast, Kane went to extraordinary lengths to keep his "flock" under his control, even in death. The original motive of the cemetery's souls disturbed by the housing development was thereby altered; the cemetery was now explained to be built above a cave where Kane and his flock met their ends. It also reveals that the women of the family are actually psychics.

Poltergeist III in 1988 finds Carol Anne as the sole original family member living in an elaborate Chicago skyscraper owned and inhabited by her aunt, uncle and cousin. Kane follows her there and uses the building's ubiquitous decorative mirrors as a portal to the Earthly plane.

A remake of the original film was made by MGM and 20th Century Fox, directed by Gil Kenan.[44][45][46] Sam Raimi, Rob Tapert, and Roy Lee produced the film, which stars Sam Rockwell, Jared Harris, and Rosemarie DeWitt.[47] Poltergeist was released on May 22, 2015.[47]

On April 10, 2019, it was announced that the Russo Brothers would helm a new remake.[48]

Home media[]

Poltergeist was released on VHS, Betamax, CED, and LaserDisc in 1982. In 1997, MGM released Poltergeist on DVD in a snap case, and the only special feature was a trailer. In 1998, Poltergeist was re-released on DVD with the same cover and disc as the 1997 release, but in a keep case and with an eight-page booklet. In 1999, a snap case edition with the same DVD disc, but a different cover was released by Warner Home Video after the pre-1986 MGM library was acquired by Turner, which is now owned by Warner. Warner Home Video tentatively scheduled releases for the 25th-anniversary edition of the film on standard DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray[49] in Spain and the US on October 9, 2007. The re-release was billed as having digitally remastered picture and sound, and a two-part documentary: "They Are Here: The Real World of Poltergeists", which makes extensive use of clips from the film. The remastered DVD of the film was released as scheduled, but both high-definition releases were eventually canceled. Warner rescheduled the high-definition version of the film and eventually released it only on the Blu-ray format on October 14, 2008.[50]

Novelization[]

A novelization was written by James Kahn, adapted from the film's original screenplay. The copyright is 1982 by Amblin' Enterprises, Inc. It was printed in the United States through Warner Books, with the first printing in May 1982.[51] While the film focuses mainly on the Freeling family, much of the book leans toward the relationship between Tangina and Dr. Lesh away from the family. The novel also expands upon many scenes that took place in the film, such as the Freelings' living room being visited by night by outer-dimensional entities of fire and shadows, and an extended version of the kitchen scene in which Marty watches the steak crawl across a countertop. In the book, Marty is frozen in place and skeletonized by spiders and rats. There are also additional elements not in the film, such as Robbie's mysterious discovery of the clown doll in the yard during his birthday party, and a benevolent spirit, "The Waiting Woman", who protects Carol Anne in the spirit world.

In popular culture[]

The song "Shining" by horror punk band Misfits, on their 1997 album American Psycho, is based directly on the film, with the chorus centered on the refrain: "Carol Anne, Carol Anne".[52]

Spice Girls pays homage to the film in their 1997 music video for the song Too Much.[citation needed]

Two separate Seth MacFarlane series also parody the movie. The 2006 Family Guy episode, "Petergeist" parodies Poltergeist. While attempting to build a multiplex in his backyard, Peter discovers an Indian burial ground. When he takes an Indian chief's skull, a poltergeist invades the Griffins' home. The episode used some of the same musical cues heard in the film and recreates several of its scenes.[53] American Dad! also parodied the film with the season 10 episode "Poltergasm", in which the Smith house has become haunted by Francine's unsatisfied sex drive.[54]

The 2001 comedy horror film Scary Movie 2 parodies the movie's clown doll attack in Robbie's bedroom, as well as Diane’s levitation.[55]

In 2018 was the subject of a walk through attraction at both Universal Studios Orlando and Hollywood's annual Halloween Horror Nights event.[citation needed]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "POLTERGEIST (15)". British Board of Film Classification. July 29, 1982. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
  2. ^ "Box Office Information for Poltergeist". The Numbers. Retrieved January 29, 2012.
  3. ^ Martin, Bob (1982). Fangoria #23, Article "Tobe Hooper on Texas Chainsaw Massacre and Poltergeist". pp. 28.
  4. ^ "Bravo's The 100 Scariest Movie Moments". Archived from the original on October 30, 2007. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
  5. ^ "Chicago Critics' Scariest Films". AltFilmGuide.com. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
  6. ^ "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
  7. ^ Kendrick, James (2014). Darkness in the Bliss-Out: A Reconsideration of the Films of Steven Spielberg. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. Page 41. ISBN 9781441146045.
  8. ^ Epting, Chris (2003). James Dean Died Here: The Locations of America's Pop Culture Landmarks. Santa Monica Press. Page 204. ISBN 9781891661310.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b Brode, Douglas (2000). The Films of Steven Spielberg. New York: Citadel Press. p. 101. ISBN 0-8065-1951-7.
  10. ^ "Fangoria 023 c2c 1982 Evil Dead scan by SproutHatesWatermarks S" – via Internet Archive.
  11. ^ Brode, pg 102
  12. ^ Pollack, Dale (May 24, 1982). "'Poltergeist': Whose Film Is It?". Los Angeles Times.
  13. ^ Searles, Jack (June 19, 1982). "Hooper gets some recognition". Los Angeles Herald Examiner.
  14. ^ Brode, pg 99–100
  15. ^ "Click over, children! All are welcome! All welcome! Quint interviews Zelda Rubinstein!!!!". Ain't It Cool News. October 2, 2007. Retrieved January 6, 2008.
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b "Rue Morgue 121 (2012)" – via Web Archive. Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
  17. ^ Sanello, Frank (August 5, 2002). Spielberg: The Man, the Movies, the Mythology. Taylor Trade Publications. p. 119. ISBN 9780878331482.
  18. ^ "Tobe Hooper: "I always wanted to work in the time before I was born"". Film Talk. April 17, 2015. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  19. ^ Galluzzo, Rob (July 14, 2017). "Confirmation? Who Really Directed POLTERGEIST?". Blumhouse Productions. Archived from the original on September 1, 2017. Retrieved July 15, 2017.
  20. ^ John Squires (September 14, 2017). "Mick Garris Delivers Final Word on 'Poltergeist' Controversy; "Tobe Directed That Movie."". Bloody-Disgusting.
  21. ^ Jump up to: a b "Filmtracks: Poltergeist (Jerry Goldsmith)". Filmtracks.com. December 31, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2013.
  22. ^ Poltergeist soundtrack review at AllMusic, accessed February 16, 2011.
  23. ^ "Poltergeist". Film Score Monthly. Retrieved October 20, 2012.
  24. ^ Jump up to: a b "Poltergeist (1982)". filmratings.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 6, 2014.
  25. ^ "Box Office Information for Poltergeist". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
  26. ^ "Poltergeist Movie Reviews, Page 2". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
  27. ^ "Poltergeist Movie Reviews, Page 3". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
  28. ^ "The Greatest Films of 1982". AMC FilmSite.org. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
  29. ^ "The 10 Best Movies of 1982". Film.com. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
  30. ^ "The Best Movies of 1982 by Rank". Films101.com. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
  31. ^ "Poltergeist". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  32. ^ "Poltergeist". Metacritic. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
  33. ^ Ebert, Roger (June 1, 1982). "Poltergeist". RogerEbert.com. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  34. ^ Canby, Vincent (June 4, 1982). "Film: 'Poltergeist' From Spielberg". The New York Times. p. C16.
  35. ^ Jump up to: a b Cited in Brode, p. 111
  36. ^ Siskel, Gene (June 4, 1982). "As a screamer, 'Poltergeist' is mute". Chicago Tribune. Section 3, p. 3.
  37. ^ Arnold, Gary (June 4, 1982). "Horror With the Spielberg Touch". The Washington Post: D1.
  38. ^ Benson, Sheila (June 4, 1982). "An Epic Bump By Spielberg". Los Angeles Times. Part VI, p. 1.
  39. ^ "The Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made". The New York Times. April 29, 2003. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
  40. ^ "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills" (PDF). American Film Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 16, 2011. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
  41. ^ "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved May 21, 2010.[dead link]
  42. ^ Poltergeist at oscars.org; Accessed November 2, 2010.
  43. ^ Mikkelson, Barbara. "Poltergeist Deaths", Snopes.com, August 17, 2007
  44. ^ Team, The Deadline (June 20, 2013). "MGM, Fox 2000 To Co-Finance & Distribute 'Poltergeist'; Production To Start This Fall".
  45. ^ McNary, Dave (March 7, 2013). "'Poltergeist' Reboot Set For Late-Summer Start". Variety.
  46. ^ Goldberg, Matt. "POLTERGEIST Remake Confirmed to Shoot This Fall; Likely Due out Next Year". Collider.com. Retrieved June 20, 2013.
  47. ^ Jump up to: a b Dave McNary (March 5, 2015). "'Poltergeist' Reboot Moved Up to May 22, 'Spy' Back to June 5". Variety. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
  48. ^ Miska, Brad (April 10, 2019). "'Poltergeist' Getting Remade *Again* with 'Captain America' and 'Avengers' Directors?!".
  49. ^ "Live Chat with Warner Home Video". . February 26, 2007. Retrieved June 1, 2008.
  50. ^ Poltergeist on Blu-ray at WBshop.com
  51. ^ Kahn, James (1982). Poltergeist (9780446302227): James Kahn: Books. ISBN 0446302228.
  52. ^ Greene, James R. Jr. (2013). This Music Leaves Stains: The Complete Story of the Misfits. Scarecrow Press ISBN 0810884372
  53. ^ "Petergeist". TV.com. Retrieved June 25, 2007.
  54. ^ "American Dad: "Poltergasm"". October 7, 2013. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
  55. ^ Raymond, Adam K. (April 15, 2013). "Every Movie 'Spoofed' in the Scary Movie Franchise". Vulture.com. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.

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