Presidency of Luis Lacalle Pou

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Luis Lacalle Pou
Presidency of Luis Lacalle Pou
1 March 2020 – present
President
CabinetSee list
PartyNational
Election2019
SeatExecutive Tower

The presidency of Luis Lacalle Pou began on 1 March 2020 when he was inaugurated as the 42nd president of Uruguay. Lacalle Pou, a member of the National Party took office following his victory over the Broad Front nominee Daniel Martínez in the second round of the 2019 general election, which ended the 15-year leftist rule in the country.[1][2]

Background[]

Lacalle Pou, at the time of his election, was a 19-year member of the General Assembly: from 2000 to 2015 he served as a National Representative and from 2015 to 2019 as a Senator.[3] In 2011, he held the position of President of the Chamber of Representatives during the first session of the 47th Legislature.[4] He participated in the 2014 election, being defeated in the second round by Tabaré Vázquez.[5]

Facing the 2019 runoff election, Lacalle Pou led the Coalición Multicolor, an electoral alliance made up of center-right parties.[6] Lacalle Pou and his running-mate, Beatriz Argimón obtained 48.71% of the unofficial vote. Their opponents, Daniel Martínez and Graciela Villar obtained 47.51% of the vote. The Electoral Court of Uruguay would publish the official results by Friday, 29 November 2019, as observed votes were still to be counted, totaling more than the difference between the two candidates, thus being too close to call. Daniel Martinez did not concede the race then, awaiting the official count. Lacalle Pou unofficially declared himself the winner, as the votes already counted marked an irreversible trend. Martínez conceded defeat on 28 November 2019. On 30 November, final votes counts confirmed Lacalle Pou as the winner with 48.8% of the total votes cast over Martínez with 47.3%.[7] Lacalle Pou's victory marked the return of the National Party to power, 30 years after Luis Alberto Lacalle Herrera, Lacalle Pou's father, assumed as president.[8][9]

Several international leaders reacted to Lacalle Pou for his victory. Congratulations came from the President and the elect-President of Argentina, Mauricio Macri and Alberto Fernández, the Acting President of Venezuela, Juan Guaidó, the President of Bolivia, Jeanine Añez, the Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, the Peruvian, Martín Vizarra, the Paraguayan, Mario Abdo Benítez, and the Costa Rican Carlos Alvarado Quesada.[10][11] In addition, the Mexican Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Marcelo Ebrard and the U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo also congratulated the newly elected president.[12]

Cabinet[]

Lacalle Pou's cabinet is made up of members of the parties of the Coalición Multicolor.[13][14] Its structure was announced on December 16, 2019, at the Dazzler Hotel in Montevideo.[15]

Due to the resignation of Ernesto Talvi as Minister of Foreign Affairs in early July,[16][17] Lacalle Pou appointed the former Ambassador of Uruguay to Argentina and Spain, Francisco Bustillo, as head of the ministry.[18]

 
Cabinet of Luis Lacalle Pou's Government
Office Name Political party Term
Ministry of National Defense Javier García Duchini National 1 March 2020 – pres.
Ministry of the Interior Jorge Larrañaga National 1 March 2020 – 22 May 2021
Luis Alberto Héber National 24 May 2021 – pres.
Ministry of Foreign Relations Ernesto Talvi Colorado 1 March 2020 – 6 July 2020
Francisco Bustillo nonpartisan politician 6 July 2020 – pres.
Ministry of Economy and Finance Azucena Arbeleche National 1 March 2020 – pres.
Ministry of Education and Culture Pablo Da Silveira National 1 March 2020 – pres.
Ministry of Public Health Daniel Salinas Open Cabildo 1 March 2020 – pres.
Ministry of Social Development Pablo Bartol National 1 March 2020 – 1 May 2021
Martín Lema National 3 May 2021 – pres.
Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare Pablo Mieres Independent 1 March 2020 – pres.
Ministry of Transport and Public Works Luis Alberto Héber National 1 March 2020 – 24 May 2021
José Luis Falero National 25 May 2021 – pres.
Ministry of Livestock, Agriculture, and Fisheries Colorado 1 March 2020 – 27 June 2021
Colorado 27 June 2021 – pres.
Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mining Omar Paganini National 1 March 2020 – pres.
Ministry of Housing and Territorial Planning Irene Moreira Open Cabildo 1 March 2020 – pres.
Ministry of Tourism Colorado 1 March 2020 – 22 March 2021
Tabaré Viera Colorado 23 August 2021 – pres.
Ministry of Environment Adrián Peña Colorado 27 August 2020 – pres.
Secretariat of Sports Sebastián Bauzá National 1 March 2020 – pres.
Secretariat of the Presidency Álvaro Delgado National 1 March 2020 – pres.
Deputy Secretariat of the Presidency National 1 March 2020 – pres.
Office of Planning and Budget Isaac Alfie Colorado 1 March 2020 – pres.

Domestic policy[]

COVID-19 pandemic[]

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay

The COVID-19 pandemic emerged within the first days of Lacalle Pou's presidency. The first four cases, all imported, were reported on 13 March.[19] On 14 March, Lacalle requested the cancellation of public performances, and the closure of some public places. An awareness campaign was launched and citizens were advised to stay home. A two-week suspension of classes at public and private schools was also announced.[20] On 16 March, Lacalle issued an order to close all border crossings except Carrasco International Airport.[21] The border with Argentina was closed effective 17 March at midnight.[22] On that day, the Ministry of Economy and Finance published a list of prices of products such as alcohol gel, rectified alcohol, and surgical masks, in order to prevent price gouging.[23][24]

Given the advance of the coronavirus around the world, many governments ordered the closure of borders and the cessation of airport operations and cancellations of commercial flights. Due to the Uruguayans being stranded abroad, the then Foreign Minister Ernesto Talvi ordered the operation "All at home" for the return of Uruguayans who were outside the national territory, who do not reside abroad and who planned to return to the country but could not by these restrictions.[25] In the course of this operation, at least 3,965 Uruguayans stranded in 67 countries returned.[26] In addition, the repatriation of foreigners stranded in Uruguay to their countries of origin was carried out.

On 8 April, he announced the reopening of rural schools on 22 April. It was also reported that the reopening would be in educational centers in the interior of the country, excluding those of Montevideo and Canelones; and that attendance would be voluntary.[27] It was 35% of the total registered.[28] On April, 17 he informed that his administration decided to create a group, made up of experts that would define methods and studies to advise the government. The experts would be: the mathematician, electrical engineer, and academic from the Latin American Academy of Sciences, Fernando Paganini; Dr. Rafael Radi, the first Uruguayan scientist at the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and president of the National Academy of Sciences of Uruguay; and Dr. Henry Cohen, President of the National Academy of Medicine and awarded as a Master by the World Gastroenterology Organisation in 2019.[29]

On 29 May, Lacalle himself, along with the Secretary of the Presidency, the Minister of National Defense, his private secretary and the ASSE President began a quarantine while awaiting the test, after having contact with the director of the Ministry of Social Development in Rivera, who was infected with COVID-19.[30] A day later, after being tested, it was confirmed that neither he nor the other government officials had contracted the virus.[31]

As of December 2, given the increase in cases (especially in Montevideo), a series of temporary measures were put into effect to slow growth. Among them the closure of sports activities in gyms and closed places, remote work requirements, closing of restaurants after midnight and the suspension of end-of-year parties.[32]

On December 16, due to the exponential growth of cases, the Executive Power announced a new set of measures: the regulation of Article 38 of the Constitution (the power of the executive power to dissolve agglomerations); the prohibition of entry from abroad between December 21 and January 10; the reduction of the capacity in interdepartmental transportation by half on those dates; the extension of the opening hours of shopping malls and street markets; the reopening of gyms (with a maximum capacity of 30%) and the suspension of public shows.[33]

Defense[]

On March 16, 2020, more than 1,000 soldiers of the Armed Forces were deployed to carry out the "Safe Border" operation, which consisted of patrolling the country's the 35,000 square kilometers of border defined to control, with the aim of combating insecurity, smuggling and drug trafficking.[34] The Air Force put its fleet of Cessna A-37 Dragonfly into operation to conduct "reconnaissance, patrol, and surveillance" of the Northeast, while the Navy deployed its personnel and equipment in border lakes and rivers.[35]

On September 8, the purchase of two Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft from the Spanish Government was announced, for a price of 21 million euros and 1 million euros in spare parts.[36][37] The opposition criticized this purchase, describing it as an "inopportune expense".[38] The aircraft arrived in Uruguay on December 19, Defense Minister Javier García stated that "a process of modernization of essential equipment begins. With this incorporation there is more sovereignty, more human security and more civil protection."[39]

On December 22, 2020, the National Defense Council (CODENA) met for the first time.[40] Chaired by President Lacalle Pou, it is an advisory and consultative body that works on the drafting of a decree with the defense guidelines for the entire term.[41] The functions of the council are: to analyze threats that could harm the sovereignty and independence of the country, as well as seriously affect national interests; propose, in such cases, the measures or actions deemed necessary for its resolution; analyze and propose conflict hypotheses; suggest the adoption of strategies, approve the plans and coordinate the actions necessary for the defense, and make proposals on matters related to the defense that, because they affect various State agencies, require joint action.[41]

Urgent Consideration Law[]

Law No. 19889 of urgent consideration, also called "Law of Urgent Consideration" or abbreviated as "LUC", is a law whose bill was announced by President Lacalle Pou during the campaign, which aims to lay the foundations of his administration. This law was the subject of intense political debate between the ruling party and the opposition:

  • Modify legitimate defense in the Penal Code, increasing its concept and establishing new hypotheses in which legitimate defense is presumed.[42][43]
  • Increase penalties for crimes related to drug trafficking and sexual violence in all its forms.[43]
  • Punish for injury or damage to the police authorities.[42][43]
  • Grant the right to carry arms of police and military personnel in both cases in retirement.[42]
  • Limit the occupation of public spaces and "pickets".[42][43]
  • Increase penalties for minor offenders.[42]
  • Modify the organization of public education in primary, secondary, University of Labor of Uruguay (UTU) and teacher training, the Central Board of Directors (CODICEN) now concentrating the respective councils of each of these, which now become directories.[42]
  • Modify the Financial Inclusion Law (LIF), passing workers to collect at option in cash and not necessarily by electronic means. In addition, the minimum amount from which an electronic means of payment must be established in the legal business is raised to one million indexed units.[42]
  • Create the Ministry of Environment, one of the campaign promises of Luis Lacalle Pou's team.[42]
  • Limit occupations of workplaces, guaranteeing the right of non-strikers to access and work, and that of employers to enter the facilities freely.[42]
  • Establishes a commission for the reform of the social welfare system.[42]
  • Guarantee the right to mobile number portability.[44]

Foreign policy[]

During Lacalle Pou's first days of presidency, Uruguay's foreign relations shifted substantially from those under Broad Front. After taking office, he condemned the government of Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela.[45] And also Lacalle decided not to invite him to his inauguration stating "it is a personal decision, which I take care of. This is not the Chancellery, this is not protocol, this is my person who made this decision".[46] The presidents of Cuba and Nicaragua were not invited either.[47]

Lacalle's government ordered the withdrawal of Uruguay from the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), arguing that it occurred because "it is an organization that became an ideological political alliance contrary to the country's objectives of linking."[48] In addition, it was reported that the country would return to the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (TIAR).[49]

Between July 2 and December 16, 2020, Lacalle Pou served as President Pro Tempore of the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR). In his inaugural speech, regarding the relationship with the United States and China, he stated that "one cannot fall into the false dichotomy of being closer to one or the other because the countries that have achieved development have been close to both."[50] He was succeeded by Argentine President Alberto Fernández.[51]

On September 12, Uruguay voted for Mauricio Claver-Carone's candidacy for President of the Inter-American Development Bank proposed by the United States.[52][53] On September 14, Uruguay voted at the UN Economic and Social Council in favor of a resolution claiming that Israel was involved in "systematic violations" of the rights of Palestinians, which negatively affected Palestinian women and girls. Uruguayan Foreign Minister Francisco Bustillo declared that Uruguay's vote against Israel was a "circumstantial error" and assured that his country will be guided by its long-running policy of supporting Israel. He also removed from office the director general of political affairs of the Foreign Ministry, Ambassador Pablo Sader.[54][55]

Argentine President Alberto Fernández with Lacalle Pou, 19 November 2020

On November 19, 2020, Lacalle received Argentine President Alberto Fernández at the Anchorena Presidential Estate. There they had a typical Uruguayan asado and discussed bilateral, regional and Mercosur-related issues, such as business opportunities with the European Union and the Paraná-Paraguay and Rio Uruguay waterway.[56][57]

After the 2020 Venezuelan parliamentary election, the Uruguayan government supported the Organization of American States's resolution condemning fraud.[58] Previously, through a press release, the Ministry of Foreign Relations stated that the elections lacked "minimum guarantees."[59] When the Venezuelan National Assembly convened on January 5, 2021, a new press release indicated that "Uruguay does not recognize the legitimacy of the National Assembly installed in Venezuela today, because it is the result of an electoral act carried out without the minimum guarantees of transparency, inclusion and verification".[60]

Lacalle Pou with Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro at the Palácio da Alvorada, Brasília, 3 February 2021

On February 3, 2021, Lacalle made an official state to Brazil, being his first official trip abroad as head of state.[61] After meeting with President Jair Bolsonaro, Lacalle stated "we have agreed on a huge number of issues, which are: the freedom of our peoples, the prosperity of our peoples and, of course, the good relationship between both countries."[62]

On February 17, Lacalle received Paraguayan President Mario Abdo Benítez at the presidential residence in Punta del Este on an official visit.[63][64] At the meeting, both leaders discussed the importance of Paraguayan trade and how Uruguay's waterways can help Paraguay reach the markets.[65][66]

In May 2021, during the Israel–Palestine crisis, the Uruguayan government expressed its "deep concern over the acts of violence" and encouraged Israelis and Palestinians to curb it and guarantee the safety of all sacred sites. It also condemned the terrorist acts and the upsurge in attacks perpetrated from Gaza against Israeli territory.[67][68]

In July 2021, the Lacalle Pou administration informed the member countries of the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) that Uruguay will begin bilateral trade negotiations outside the bloc.[69] The announcement came after there were no agreements to lower tariffs and facilitate agreements with third parties during a meeting of foreign ministers prior to the summit of heads of state.[70] Uruguayan government push to make the trade bloc's rules more flexible, aimed at modernising the group, because negotiation with third parties requires the unanimous approval from other members, and despite the fact that the Brazilian and Paraguayan governments are in favor, the Argentine government refuses to do so.[71] On September 7, after meeting with the leaders of all political parties with parliamentary representation, Lacalle Pou announced at a press conference that formal negotiations had begun to carry out a pre-feasibility study for the signing of a treaty on free trade with the People's Republic of China.[72][73][74]

On September 18, 2021, President Lacalle participated in the summit of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States in Mexico City, in which he stated that his presence did not mean that his administration was "complacent" with some governments and slammed the lack of democracy in Venezuela, Cuba and Nicaragua.[75][76]

On 23 February 2022, Uruguay's Ministry of Foreign Relations issued a statement condemning the use of force and urging all parties involved to take the necessary measures to reduce tensions and achieve a political agreement. The Uruguayan government expressed "concern" about the situation with the recognition of the separatist republics of Donetsk and Luhansk as sovereign states by Russia and the displacement of military troops, in violation of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations. In addition, it expressed that the country considers that the United Nations Security Council Resolution 2202 "provides the way for the application of the Minsk agreements, leading to a peaceful and lasting solution to the conflict", and that the solution should "respect the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity" of Ukraine.[77] After the invasion President Luis Lacalle Pou condemned Russia's "actions contrary to international law", and declared that Uruguay "is a country that is always committed to peace", for which he encouraged the return of negotiations for a "civilised resolution" of the conflict.[78] In an official statement from the Ministry of Foreign Relations, the government stated that the principles of the Charter of the United Nations were "notoriously violated" after the Russian military attacks; and announced that four Uruguayan citizens were evacuated from Ukraine to Cyprus, and that it is monitoring the situation, attending to the situation of its "compatriots" in order to provide them with the proper assistance.[79][80]

Opinion polling[]

According to a survey by Equipo Consultores, released on March 31, 2020, in Lacalle's first month as president, 65% of the Uruguayan population approved of his administration, while 20% disapproved of it and another 15% did not have an "intermediate opinion" or did not respond.[81][82] Therefore, he was the first non-Broad Front president with the most approval in the first month of his term.[83] In April, Opción Consultores released a survey in which the public was asked to evaluate Lacalle Pou's performance in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic: 40% of the Uruguayan population rated it as "very good" and 25% as "good", while 12% thought that the manage of the crisis was "very bad" while 9% just "bad"; 14% of the population did not have an opinion.[84]

In his first 100 days in office, Lacalle obtained the approval of 62% of the population, while 18% disapproved, 17% had "intermediate opinions" and 2% did not express their opinion, according to a survey by Equipo Consultores.[85] In September, according to an international poll conducted by IPSOS, Lacalle's administration was approved by 73% of the population, ranking as the president with the highest approval in Latin America.[86]

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