Presidential transition of Joe Biden

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Presidential transition of Joe Biden
Biden transition logo.svg
FormationNovember 7, 2020
DissolvedJanuary 20, 2021 (2021-01-20)
PurposePresidential transition
Headquarters1401 Constitution Ave NW
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Co-Chairs
Anita Dunn (since September 5, 2020)
Ted Kaufman (since June 20, 2020)
Michelle Lujan Grisham (since September 5, 2020)
Cedric Richmond (since September 5, 2020)
Jeffrey Zients (since September 5, 2020)
Key people
Joe Biden
Kamala Harris
Websitebuildbackbetter.gov Edit this at Wikidata
Seal of the President of the United States.svg This article or section is part of a series about
United States
presidential transitions
Transitions
Planned transitions
  • Hughes (1916)
  • Dewey (1948)
  • Reagan (1976)
  • Dukakis (1988)
  • Dole (1996)
  • Gore (2000)
  • Kerry (2004)
  • McCain (2008)
  • Romney (2012)
  • Clinton (2016)
  • v
  • t
Joe Biden presidential portrait (cropped).jpg
This article is part of
a series about
Joe Biden
  • Political positions
  • Electoral history
  • Early life and career
  • Eponyms
  • Family
  • Honors
  • Overview
  • Public image
U.S. Senator from Delaware
47th Vice President of the United States
46th President of the United States
Incumbent
  • Presidency
    • timeline
  • Transition
    • COVID-19 Advisory Board
  • Inauguration
Appointments
  • Cabinet
  • Ambassadors
  • Federal judges
  • Executive Office
  • U.S. Attorneys
Policies
Presidential campaigns
Vice presidential campaigns
Published works
  • Promises to Keep
  • Promise Me, Dad

Joe Biden's signature
  • v
  • t

In the United States, the presidential transition refers to the process by which a president-elect prepares to take over administration of the government, generally with cooperation from the outgoing administration. The transition normally takes place during the roughly 10-week period between the election in the first week of November and the inauguration on January 20. Joe Biden's transition was shortened somewhat because the outgoing Trump administration did not recognize Biden as the "apparent winner" until November 23.

Biden became the presumptive nominee of the Democratic Party for president in April 2020, and formally accepted the nomination the following August. Biden's transition team, led by Ted Kaufman, had already been announced on June 20. Further co-chairs joined the team alongside Kaufman in September.

The 2020 presidential election took place on November 3. That evening, incumbent president Donald Trump declared himself the winner, based on his initial lead in tabulated in-person votes — a situation which was widely anticipated and quickly discredited as meaningless, since it takes several days to count all the votes. Trump continued to insist that he had won, alleging without evidence that Biden's increasing lead was due to widespread fraud, corruption, and other misconduct. He challenged the results in multiple lawsuits in multiple states, none of which resulted in a substantive victory.[1][2][3][4] Because of Trump's denials, there was a several-week delay before his administration began even limited cooperation with the Biden team.

After three and a half days of vote counting, on November 7, at approximately 11:30 a.m. EST, the Associated Press, along with major TV networks including CNN, ABC News, CBS News, NBC News, and Fox News, called the race for Joe Biden. After that, most sources described him as the president-elect. Nonetheless, GSA administrator Emily Murphy, a Trump appointee, waited until November 23 to issue the "ascertainment" letter declaring Biden the "apparent winner"[5][6] on the basis that Trump still disputed the election result. The declaration marked the official start of the transition, and withholding it from the Biden team had denied them $6.3 million, office space, government website status, and access to agencies.[7][8] Separately, Biden was denied daily classified national security briefings[9][10][11] until the Trump administration approved Biden's receiving such briefings as of November 24.[12]

The Electoral College met on December 14, 2020, to formally elect Biden and Kamala Harris as president and vice president. The results were to be certified by a joint session of Congress on January 6, 2021, but because of an attempt by Trump supporters to overturn the results by storming and vandalizing the Capitol building, the certification was not completed until January 7.[13][14][15] Biden's transition ended when he was inaugurated at 12:00 p.m. EST on January 20, 2021, at which point his presidency began.

Background issues[]

Main articles: Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election, Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 United States presidential election, and Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud

Preparations for potential disputed election[]

As early as the summer of 2020, President Donald Trump began questioning the legitimacy of the 2020 election, saying that the increase of mail-in voting in the election compared to previous elections will lead to a "rigged election".[16][17] For this reason, many pundits and editorial writers would insist that Biden would need to win by a landslide to prevent Trump from challenging the result.[18][19][20] Trump's preemptive accusations of fraud led some people to consider what would happen if he should lose by a margin less than a landslide.[21][22] At various points, Trump had called for his attorney general, William Barr, to investigate Biden and his son Hunter, with Trump frequently insisting that his opponent should be in prison.[23]

Rosa Brooks, who worked in the Department of Defense during the Obama administration, co-founded the Transition Integrity Project (TIP), which in June 2020 ran a series of "wargaming" exercises to explore potential election and transition scenarios. In August 2020, TIP released a widely discussed report that outlined four 2020 election crisis scenario planning exercises for the 2020 United States presidential election.[24] The scenarios examined by TIP included a decisive Biden win, a decisive Trump win, a narrow Biden win, and a period of extended uncertainty after the election.[25] Other academics, such as Lawrence Douglas in his book Will He Go?: Trump and the Looming Election Meltdown in 2020, have also discussed the possibility, which later turned out to be true, of Trump refusing to concede if he lost.[26]

Per the 20th Amendment, the vice president must count the electoral votes in front of Congress's joint session on January 6, 2021. This is governed by the Electoral Count Act of 1887, passed to prevent crises such as that in 1876–77, and while provisions have been used, the act has never been truly put to the test.[27]

The Biden legal team had prepared for this, drafting boilerplate responses to each of the possible litigations gamed out by the TIP and others.[28] The only one of the more than sixty cases which had not been dismissed out of hand was about late-arriving mail-in ballots.[29]

Delays in initiating the transition[]

See also: Emily W. Murphy § 2020 presidential transition
Administrator of General Services Emily Murphy had refused to initiate the transition.

Though Joe Biden was generally acknowledged as president-elect in the election on November 7, 2020,[30][31][32][33] General Services Administration head Emily Murphy refused to initiate the transition to the president-elect, thereby denying funds and office space to his team.[7][34]

Murphy refused to sign a letter (the "ascertainment" determination) allowing Biden's transition team to formally begin work to facilitate an orderly transition of power. By refusing to allow the Biden administration transition to proceed, she prevented the incoming administration from obtaining office space, performing background checks on prospective Cabinet nominees, and accessing classified information which might be needed to respond to emergencies that the administration confronts when in office. Murphy's withholding of the letter also blocked President-elect Biden's transition team from accessing several million dollars in federal transition funds for salaries and other costs, establishing government email addresses, and working with the Office of Government Ethics on required financial disclosure and conflict-of-interest forms for incoming nominees. Amid public speculation that her refusal might jeopardize national security and public health, Murphy began a job search for herself, inquiring about employment opportunities in 2021.[35][36][37]

On November 8, the nonpartisan Center for Presidential Transition issued a statement saying "We urge the Trump administration to immediately begin the post-election transition process and the Biden team to take full advantage of the resources available under the Presidential Transition Act."[38][39] The letter was signed by several experts in presidential transitions: Joshua Bolten, President George W. Bush's former chief of staff; Mike Leavitt, former governor of Utah and Bush's Secretary of Health and Human Services; Mack McLarty, Bill Clinton's former chief of staff; and Penny Pritzker, Barack Obama's Secretary of Commerce.[39]

Andrew Card, the first White House chief of staff under George W. Bush, expressed concern about the delay, noting that "the 9/11 Commission had said if there had been a longer transition [in 2000] and there had been cooperation, there might have been a better response, or maybe not even any attack".[40] Four former Secretaries of Homeland Security, Tom Ridge, Michael Chertoff, Janet Napolitano, and Jeh Johnson, called upon Murphy to initiate the transition, writing in a joint statement: "Our country is in the middle of twin crises: a global pandemic and a severe economic downturn. The pandemic will make any transition more complicated. At this period of heightened risk for our nation, we do not have a single day to spare to begin the transition. For the good of the nation, we must start now."[41][42]

Anthony Fauci, the government's leading infectious disease expert, warned the delay was "obviously not good" from a public health perspective, while President-elect Biden argued "more people may die" as a result of the delay.[43][44]

On November 23, after Michigan certified its results, Murphy issued the letter of ascertainment, granting the Biden transition team access to federal funds and resources for an orderly transition.[45] Breaking with recent precedent, the letter did not call Biden "president-elect", instead fulfilling her requirements under the Act without implying that he won the election.[46] In the letter Murphy called the Act "vague", recommended Congress "consider amendments to the Act" to improve the standard it sets for post-election allocation of resources, and described threats she had allegedly received pressuring her to act.[47]

Transition procedures[]

Main article: United States presidential transition

In accordance with the Pre-Election Presidential Transition Act of 2010, potential presidential transition teams are provided office space by the General Services Administration (GSA). They are also eligible for government funding for staff; spending on Mitt Romney's transition team in 2012 was $8.9 million, all funds appropriated by the U.S. government. In order for the Biden transition team to formally begin working with federal agencies, access federal transition funds, and utilize government-provided office space, Biden had to be formally certified as president-elect by the administrator of the General Services Administration. After the media projected Biden to win the election, and as Trump refused to concede, the current GSA administrator, Trump appointee Emily W. Murphy, refused to sign a letter of authorization. She argued that she had seen no certification outside of the media that Biden has won, and was under no obligation to treat Biden as president-elect.[48][49]

Key responsibilities of a presidential transition include the identification and vetting of candidates for approximately 4,000 non-civil service positions in the U.S. government who serve at the pleasure of the president; arranging the occupancy of executive residences including the White House, One Observatory Circle, and Camp David; liaising with the United States Strategic Command for receipt of the Gold Codes; and briefing senior personnel about a new administration's policy priorities.[50]

Under existing federal law and custom, Biden became eligible to receive classified national security briefings when his nomination was formalized at the party's national convention in August 2020.

The Presidential Transition Act was amended in 2019 to require the incumbent president to establish "transition councils" by June of an election year to facilitate a possible handover of power.[51][52]

Timeline[]

Pre-election[]

Meetings between the transition team and the administration began with the formation of two councils in May 2020,[53][51] around the time the former vice president had clinched the Democratic nomination.

  • April 8, 2020: Biden becomes the presumptive nominee after Bernie Sanders withdraws.[54]
  • June 20, 2020: Initial transition team announced.[55]
  • August 2020: Biden and California Senator Kamala Harris are nominated at the Democratic Convention.
  • September 5, 2020: Full transition team is made public.[55]
  • November 1, 2020: Deadline for transition materials to be completed.[56]
  • November 3, 2020: Election Day

Post-election[]

Electoral votes are counted in a joint session of Congress, 2017
  • November 4: The transition website, buildbackbetter.com, goes live.[57]
  • November 7: Election is called for Biden.[58]
  • November 8: GSA Administrator Emily Murphy refuses to sign a letter declaring the official start of the transition, denying funds and office space to the Biden team.[7]
  • November 10: Transition Co-Chair Ted Kaufman announces full transition team of at least 500 people.[59]
  • November 23: Emily Murphy signs the transition letter.[60] The transition website changed its web address from buildbackbetter.com to buildbackbetter.gov
  • December 9: Election results in every state and D.C. are certified.
  • December 11: Supreme Court rejects Texas v. Pennsylvania challenge, mooting all others.
  • December 14: The Electoral College formally elects Biden as president and Harris as vice president.
  • December 18: The Acting Secretary of Defense surprises the Biden transition team with a "mutually agreed to" suspension of contacts until January.
  • January 6, 2021: Congress counts Electoral College votes; interrupted by the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol.
  • January 7, 2021: Congress completes counting Electoral College votes and officially confirms the election results.
  • January 20, 2021: Inauguration Day

Transition activities[]

Establishment of the transition team[]

Governor of Maryland Larry Hogan participates in a virtual meeting with Biden, Harris, and other governors on December 16

Biden began to appoint transition staff in May 2020, chaired by former Delaware Senator Ted Kaufman.[61] Further staff were announced in September. The campaign had an estimated budget of $7–10 million and planned to have a staff of 300 people by early December 2020. Several working groups were set up in late September and early October.[62] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, much of the work was done over Zoom.[63]

Biden launched his transition website at approximately 6:30 p.m. EST on November 4, a day after Election Day and before the final election results were in.[64]

Harris Senate transition[]

Harris resigned her Senate seat on January 18, 2021, two days before assuming the vice presidency.[65] On January 19, 2021, California Governor Gavin Newsom announced that California Secretary of State Alex Padilla succeeded Harris for the remainder of her term.[66]

Litigation[]

Main article: Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 United States presidential election
See also: Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election and Texas v. Pennsylvania

The refusal of the administration to admit there's a transition at all has caused problems. The Trump campaign has inspired or instigated dozens of lawsuits that have forced the campaign/transition to spend millions on litigation.[67]

COVID-19 Advisory Board[]

Main article: COVID-19 Advisory Board

Before naming any White House staff or cabinet appointments, Biden announced that he will appoint a COVID-19 task force, co-chaired by former Surgeon General Vivek Murthy, former Food and Drug Administration Commissioner David Kessler and Yale University epidemiologist Professor Marcella Nunez-Smith, to replace the previous White House Coronavirus Task Force.[68][69]

Biden pledged a larger federal government response to the pandemic than Donald Trump, akin to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal following the Great Depression. This would include increased testing for the COVID virus, a steady supply of personal protective equipment, distributing a vaccine and securing money from Congress for schools and hospitals under the aegis of a national "supply chain commander" who would coordinate the logistics of manufacturing and distributing protective gear and test kits. This would be distributed by a "Pandemic Testing Board", also similar to Roosevelt's War Production Board.

Biden also pledged to invoke the Defense Production Act more aggressively than Trump in order to build up supplies, as well as the mobilization of up to 100,000 Americans for a "public health jobs corps" of contact tracers to help track and prevent outbreaks.[70] "Other members are Dr. Luciana Borio, Rick Bright, Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel, Dr. Atul Gawande, Dr. Celine Gounder, Dr. Julie Morita, Michael Osterholm, Loyce Pace, Dr. Robert Rodriguez and Dr. Eric Goosby."[71] Anthony Fauci confirmed on November 25 that he expected to begin working with the Biden transition team soon.[72]

Cabinet and White House appointments[]

Main articles: Cabinet of Joe Biden and Political appointments by Joe Biden

On November 11, Biden announced his choice of Ron Klain, formerly his chief of staff during his vice presidency, to serve as White House chief of staff.[73] On November 17, Mike Donilon was named Senior Advisor to the President, Jen O'Malley Dillon was named deputy chief of staff, Steve Ricchetti was named Counselor to the President, Cedric Richmond was named Senior Advisor to the President of the United States and director of the White House Office of Public Engagement, and Dana Remus was named Counsel to the President.[74] Annie Tomasini was named the Oval Office Operations Director.[75] On November 20, 2020, Biden named Louisa Terrell director of the Office of Legislative Affairs, Carlos Elizondo White House Social Secretary, Catherine M. Russell director of the White House Presidential Personnel Office, and Mala Adiga policy director to the First Lady.[76]

On November 22, 2020, Bloomberg News and the New York Times reported that Biden had selected Tony Blinken as his nominee for Secretary of State.[77][78] The next day, Biden announced that he would nominate Alejandro Mayorkas to be Secretary of Homeland Security, Avril Haines to be the Director of National Intelligence, and Linda Thomas-Greenfield as United States Ambassador to the United Nations, Jake Sullivan to be National Security Advisor, and John Kerry as special presidential envoy on climate.[79] It was also reported that Biden will nominate former Chair of the Federal Reserve Janet Yellen to be Treasury Secretary.[80]

White House Staff[]

Office of Communications[]

Office of the Vice President[]

  • Hartina Flournoy
    Chief of Staff to the Vice President
    (announced December 3)[90]

  • Nancy McEldowney
    National Security Advisor to the Vice President
    (announced December 3)[90]

  • Rohini Kosoglu
    Policy Advisor to the Vice President
    (announced December 3)[90]

  • Ashley Etienne
    Communications Director for the Vice President
    (announced November 29)[89]

  • Symone Sanders
    Senior Advisor and Chief Spokesperson to the Vice President
    (announced November 29)[89]

  • Cynthia Bernstein
    Director of Management and Administration for the Vice President
    (announced December 30) [87]

  • Josh Hsu
    Counsel to the Vice President
    (announced December 30) [87]

Office of the First Lady[]

  • Anthony Bernal
    Senior Advisor to the First Lady
    (announced November 17)[83]

  • Mala Adiga
    Policy Director to the First Lady
    (announced November 20)[86]

  • Carlos Elizondo
    White House Social Secretary
    (announced November 20)[86]

  • Elizabeth E. Alexander
    Communications Director for the First Lady
    (announced November 29)[89]

Domestic policy[]

  • Tom Vilsack
    Secretary of Agriculture
    (announced December 10)[91]

  • Gina Raimondo
    Secretary of Commerce
    (reported January 7)[92]

  • Marty Walsh
    Secretary of Labor
    (reported January 7)[93]

  • Xavier Becerra
    Secretary of Health and Human Services
    (announced December 7)[84]

  • Marcia Fudge
    Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
    (announced December 10)[91]

  • Pete Buttigieg
    Secretary of Transportation
    (announced December 15)[94]

  • Denis McDonough
    Secretary of Veterans Affairs
    (announced December 10)[91]

  • Susan Rice
    Director of the United States Domestic Policy Council
    (announced December 10)[91]

  • Isabel Guzman
    Administrator, Small Business Administration
    (reported January 7)[95]

Economic policy[]

  • Janet Yellen
    Secretary of the Treasury
    (announced November 30)[96]

  • Brian Deese
    Assistant to the President for Economic Policy
    Director, National Economic Council
    (announced December 3)[97]

  • Neera Tanden
    Director, Office of Management and Budget
    (announced November 30)[96]

  • Katherine Tai
    United States Trade Representative
    (announced December 10)[91]

  • Jared Bernstein
    Member of the Council of Economic Advisors
    (announced November 30)[96]

  • Heather Boushey
    Member of the Council of Economic Advisors
    (announced November 30)[96]

Environment and energy[]

  • Jennifer Granholm
    Secretary of Energy
    (announced December 17)[98]

  • Deb Haaland
    Secretary of the Interior
    (announced December 17)[98]

  • Michael S. Regan
    Administrator of the EPA
    (announced December 17)[98]

  • Brenda Mallory
    Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality
    (announced December 17)[98]

  • Gina McCarthy
    White House Climate Advisor
    (announced December 17)[98]

  • Ali Zaidi
    Deputy White House Climate Advisor
    (announced December 17)[98]

Foreign affairs and national security[]

  • Antony Blinken
    Secretary of State
    (announced November 24)[99]

  • Lloyd Austin
    Secretary of Defense
    (announced December 8)[100]

  • Merrick Garland
    Attorney General
    (announced January 7)[101]

  • Alejandro Mayorkas
    Secretary of Homeland Security
    (announced November 24)[99]

  • Jake Sullivan
    Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
    (announced November 24)[99]

  • Avril Haines
    Director of National Intelligence
    (announced November 24)[99]

  • Linda Thomas-Greenfield
    U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations
    (announced November 24)[99]

  • John Kerry
    U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate
    (announced November 24)[99]

Health policy[]

  • Dr. Vivek Murthy
    Surgeon General
    (announced December 7)[84]

  • Dr. Rochelle Walensky
    Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    (announced December 7)[84]

  • Dr. Marcella Nunez-Smith
    Chair of the COVID-19 Equity Task Force
    (announced December 7)[84]

  • Dr. Anthony Fauci
    Chief Medical Advisor to the President
    (announced December 7)[84]

  • Dr. Francis Collins
    Director of the National Institutes of Health
    (announced January 16)[102]

Science and technology policy[]

Bhavya Lal was appointed as the Acting Chief of Staff for NASA at the White House.[103][104]

Department of Defense[]

There was a great deal of resistance to Biden staffers by Trump appointees, and not much cooperation.[105] Then on December 18, acting Defense Secretary Chris Miller said in a statement that the transition team had agreed to a two-week pause in discussions over the December holiday period. This was news to the Biden transition team, who immediately said they had not agreed to any such thing.[106]

Planned executive orders and guidelines[]

President-elect Joe Biden plans on signing several executive orders after being sworn into office on January 20, 2021. His planned executive orders include:

  • Rejoining the Paris Agreement
  • Reversing President Trump's planned withdrawal from the World Health Organization
  • Reinstating the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program
  • Repealing Presidential Proclamation 9983 and the Presidential Memorandum on Military Service by Transgender Individuals
  • Barring anyone in his administration from influencing any United States Justice Department investigations
  • Instituting new ethics guidelines at the White House[107][108]
  • Freezing so-called midnight regulations that have not taken place by January 20[109]

In addition to these executive orders, President-elect Biden plans to issue a large number of executive orders on day one relating to climate change,[110] and cancel several health care policies put in place by the Trump administration including Medicaid work requirements, short-term health plans, Obamacare funding cuts, Title X abortion referral restrictions, and the Mexico City Policy, as well as reinstating Planned Parenthood funding and restoring LGBTQ regulations.[111] President-elect Biden has also stated he will urge all Americans to wear a mask for the first 100 days of his presidency in an effort to curb the COVID-19 pandemic.[112]

Transition team[]

Except for those noted, the transition team was announced on September 5.[113]

Co-chairs[]

  • Anita Dunn, former acting White House communications director[114]
  • Ted Kaufman (announced June 20, 2020), former United States senator from Delaware[114][113]
  • Michelle Lujan Grisham, incumbent governor of New Mexico[114][113]
  • Cedric Richmond, incumbent United States representative from Louisiana
  • Jeffrey Zients, former director of the National Economic Council, former acting director of the Office of Management and Budget, former chief performance officer of the United States[114][113]

Advisory council[]

  • Tony Allen, incumbent president of Delaware State University[114][113]
  • Jared Bernstein, economist[114][113]
  • Pete Buttigieg, former mayor of South Bend, Indiana, and 2020 Democratic presidential candidate[114][113]
  • Mark Gitenstein, former United States ambassador to Romania[114][113]
  • Cecilia Martinez, executive director of the Center for Earth, Energy, and Democracy[114][113]
  • Cindy McCain (announced September 28, 2020), Chair of the McCain Institute for International Leadership Board of Trustees and widow of former United States senator from Arizona and 2008 Republican presidential nominee John McCain[114][113]
  • Bob McDonald, former United States secretary of Veterans Affairs[114][113]
  • Minyon Moore, principal at Dewey Square Group[114][113]
  • Vivek Murthy, former surgeon general of the United States[114][113]
  • Susan Rice, former national security advisor[114][113]
  • Teresa Romero, incumbent president of the United Farm Workers[114][113]
  • Cathy Russell, former ambassador at large for global women's issues[114][113]
  • Lonnie Stephenson, incumbent international president of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers[114][113]
  • Felicia Wong, president and CEO of the Roosevelt Institute[114][113]
  • Sally Yates, former acting Attorney General of the United States[114][113]

Financing[]

In addition to the roughly $6 million in federal funding the transition received, it raised $22.1 million in private contributions. The Biden transition made $24 million in expenditures.[115]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Blake, Aaron (November 11, 2020). "Trump lawyers suffer embarrassing rebukes from judges over voter fraud claims". The Age. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  2. ^ "Trump claims millions of his were 'deleted' by election system". The New Daily. November 12, 2020. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  3. ^ Tomazin, Farrah (November 13, 2020). "'Most secure in history': Security agencies refute Trump's election fraud claims". The Age. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  4. ^ Kaitlan Collins; LeBlanc. "Trump fires director of Homeland Security agency who had rejected President's election conspiracy theories". CNN. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
  5. ^ Holmes, Kristen; Herb, Jeremy (November 23, 2020). "First on CNN: Key government agency acknowledges Biden's win and begins formal transition". CNN. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
  6. ^ Visser, Nick (November 23, 2020). "Trump Administration Finally Clears Way For Biden Transition To Begin". HuffPost. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c Rein, Lisa; O'Connell, Jonathan; Dawsey, Josh. "A little-known Trump appointee is in charge of handing transition resources to Biden — and she isn't budging". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  8. ^ "Biden camp calls for GSA to recognize victory to begin transition". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  9. ^ "Biden to bring in national security experts after briefings denied". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  10. ^ Wilkie, Christina (November 17, 2020). "Biden receives national security briefing from experts outside government as Trump resists transition". CNBC. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
  11. ^ Crowley, Michael; Shear, Michael D. (November 18, 2020). "Denied Briefings by Trump, Biden Meets With Former National Security Officials". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
  12. ^ Collins, Kaitlan; Cohen, Zachary (November 25, 2020). "White House has signed off on Joe Biden getting the President's Daily Brief". CNN. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
  13. ^ Peñaloza, Marisa (January 6, 2021). "Trump Supporters Clash With Capitol Police At Protest". National Public Radio. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  14. ^ Amenabar, Teddy; Zauzmer, Julie; Davies, Emily; Brice-Saddler, Michael; Ruane, Michael E.; et al. (January 6, 2021). "Live updates: Hundreds storm Capitol barricades; two nearby buildings briefly evacuated; Trump falsely tells thousands he won". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  15. ^ Hooks, Scott Rodd, Kris. "Trump Supporters, Proud Boys Converge On California's Capitol To Protest Electoral College Count". www.capradio.org. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  16. ^ "AP FACT CHECK: Trump's view of flawed voting is baseless". AP NEWS. July 30, 2020. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
  17. ^ Cohen, Marshall. "Trump spreads new lies about foreign-backed voter fraud, stoking fears of a 'rigged election' this November". CNN. Archived from the original on October 25, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
  18. ^ Freedland, Jonathan (July 17, 2020). "Trump will cling to power. To get him out, Biden will have to win big | Jonathan Freedland". Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2020 – via www.theguardian.com.
  19. ^ Bruni, Frank (August 22, 2020). "Opinion | Why Biden Needs a Landslide Just to Win". Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2020 – via NYTimes.com.
  20. ^ Graff, Garrett M. (October 23, 2020). "A Day-By-Day Guide to What Could Happen If This Election Goes Bad". Politico. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
  21. ^ Piven, Frances Fox; Bhargava, Deepak (August 11, 2020). "What If Trump Won't Leave?". The Intercept. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
  22. ^ Gellman, Barton (September 23, 2020). "The Election That Could Break America". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
  23. ^ Madhani, Aamer; Long, Colleen (October 21, 2020). "Trump ups pressure on Barr to probe Bidens as election nears". AP News. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  24. ^ "Transition Integrity Project: Preventing a disrupted presidential election and transition". PAXsims. August 4, 2020. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2020.
  25. ^ "Experts Game Out What Might Happen If The Election Goes Off The Rails". NPR.org. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2020.
  26. ^ Illing, Sean (June 3, 2020). "Will he go?". Vox. Archived from the original on December 25, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  27. ^ "Democrats challenge Ohio electoral votes". www.cnn.com. January 6, 2005. Archived from the original on May 11, 2016. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
  28. ^ Goldmacher, Shane (September 14, 2020). "Biden Creates Legal War Room, Preparing for a Big Fight Over Voting". Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2020 – via NYTimes.com.
  29. ^ Donovan Slack; Joel Shannon. "Election challenges live updates: Pennsylvania officials must separate ballots that arrived after Election Day". USA TODAY. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
  30. ^ Epstein, Jennifer (November 10, 2020). "Biden Transition Team Calls on Federal Agency to Declare Winner". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020. Biden was declared the winner by media organizations after securing enough electoral votes.
  31. ^ Budryk, Zack (November 9, 2020). "Biden campaign pushes GSA chief to approve transition". The Hill. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020. Major media outlets projected Biden as the president-elect Saturday.
  32. ^ Levin, Bess (November 16, 2020). "THE TRUMP APPOINTEE BLOCKING BIDEN'S TRANSITION IS REPORTEDLY TRYING TO LINE UP A NEW JOB FOR 2021". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020. But 13 days after the 2020 election and more than a week after all major media outlets called the race for Joe Biden, with Trump having absolutely no chance of getting a second term, Murphy has refused to acknowledge that Biden won, making it that much more difficult for the president-elect and his team to get a head start on crucial matters like a pandemic that has killed more than 245,000 people in the U.S. so far and stands to kill a lot more if no one does anything about it until January 2021.
  33. ^ Young, Robin (November 9, 2020). "In Unprecedented Move, Key Federal Agency Hesitates On Declaring Biden Winner". WBUG.org. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020. The answer is no, and I think you rightly note that this is different than what occurred in 2000 [in the Al Gore vs. George W. Bush race], there is a consensus certainly on the media side and with the states that are at play.
  34. ^ Collinson, Stephen. "Alarm grows over Trump administration acting 'more akin to a dictatorship' as he denies election defeat". CNN. CNN. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  35. ^ "GSA official blocking Biden's transition appears to privately plan post-Trump career". ABC News. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  36. ^ "Trump official Emily Murphy blocking Biden transition looks for new job". Business Insider. March 13, 2019. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  37. ^ "Why Donald Trump's tweet about Emily Murphy, head of the GSA, matters in the US election - ABC News". Abc.net.au. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  38. ^ Smith, Allan; Przybyla, Heide (November 9, 2020). "Trump appointee slow-walks Biden transition. That could delay the president-elect's Covid-19 plan". NBC News. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  39. ^ Jump up to: a b Wolfe, Jan (November 9, 2020). "Explainer: How and when will Trump leave office?". Reuters. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  40. ^ Emily DeCiccio (November 11, 2020). "Former Bush chief of staff cites 9/11, warns about slow transition". Cnbc.com. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  41. ^ "The Presidential Transition Meets Murphy's Law | by Walter M. Shaub Jr. | The New York Review of Books". Nybooks.com. July 2, 2020. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  42. ^ "Ex-Bush, Obama Homeland Security chiefs call on Trump admin to begin transition". Nbcnews.com. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  43. ^ "Fauci says delayed transition is a public health issue as Covid-19 cases soar". Nbcnews.com. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  44. ^ "Highlights of President-Elect Joe Biden's Transition: November 16, 2020 - The New York Times". Nytimes.com. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  45. ^ Daly, Matthew; Jalonick, Mary Clare (November 23, 2020). "GSA ascertains Joe Biden is 'apparent winner' of election, clears way for the transition from Trump administration to formally begin". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  46. ^ Jankowicz, Mia (November 24, 2020). "The letter enabling Biden's transition goes to extreme lengths to avoid saying he beat Trump and won the election". Business Insider. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  47. ^ Rein, Lisa (November 23, 2020). "Under pressure, Trump appointee Emily Murphy approves transition in unusually personal letter to Biden". Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  48. ^ Revue LISA / LISA e-journal. OpenEdition. doi:10.4000/lisa.
  49. ^ Elliott, Philip (November 9, 2020). "Why Donald Trump's Refusal to Give Biden Keys to Office Space Matters". Time. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  50. ^ "Help Wanted: 4,000 Presidential Appointees". Center for Presidential Transition. Partnership for Public Service. Archived from the original on January 12, 2017. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  51. ^ Jump up to: a b "Trump Administration Details Efforts to Support Peaceful Presidential Transition". Government Executive. Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
  52. ^ "Center for Presidential Transition". Archived from the original on October 25, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
  53. ^ Restuccia, Andrew; Collins, Eliza (October 22, 2020). "Biden Team Prepares for Potentially Bumpy Transition". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
  54. ^ "Bernie Sanders Drops Out of 2020 Democratic Race for President". New York Times. April 16, 2020. Archived from the original on April 8, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  55. ^ Jump up to: a b Bradner, Eric (June 20, 2020). "Biden expands transition team, adding key campaign allies and top Obama-Biden policy hands". CNN. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  56. ^ Herz, Kate Shaw, Michael Eric (October 28, 2020). "The Transition Is Already Happening (And It's Going Fine So Far)". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  57. ^ "US Election: Biden launches transition website". The Independent. November 5, 2020. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  58. ^ "Time for US to unite, President-elect Biden says". BBC News. November 7, 2020. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  59. ^ "CNN.com - Bush carries Electoral College after delay - Jan 6, 2005". www.cnn.com. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  60. ^ "CNN.com - Key government agency acknowledges Biden's win and begins formal transition". www.cnn.com. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
  61. ^ "Biden Transition Organization – Staff, Advisors". www.democracyinaction.us. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
  62. ^ Strauss, Daniel (September 23, 2020). "'This is a transition like no other': Biden team prepared for all possibilities". The Guardian. Archived from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
  63. ^ Ollstein, Alice Miranda; Cassella, Megan (October 5, 2020). "A new challenge for transition planners: Building a government over Zoom". Politico. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
  64. ^ "Biden team launches transition website". ABC News. November 4, 2020. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
  65. ^ Bowman, Bridget (November 7, 2020). "Win by Biden and Harris opens up California Senate seat". Roll Call. Archived from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  66. ^ Blood, Michael R. (December 22, 2020). "California gets Latino US senator, some Black leaders angry". AP News. Archived from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved December 24, 2020.
  67. ^ Bazelon, Emily. "Trump Is Not Doing Well With His Election Lawsuits. Here's a Rundown". New York Times. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  68. ^ Feuer, Will (November 7, 2020). "President-elect Joe Biden to announce Covid task force on Monday". CNBC. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
  69. ^ Mercia, Dan; Zeleny, Jeff (November 7, 2020). "Biden to announce coronavirus task force as part of presidential transition". CNN. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  70. ^ Goodnough, Abby; Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (October 15, 2020). "Biden's Covid Response Plan Draws From F.D.R.'s New Deal". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
  71. ^ Christensen, Jen. "How Biden plans to change the US pandemic response". CNN. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  72. ^ Wagner, Meg; Macaya, Melissa; Hayes, Mike (November 25, 2020). "Fauci confirms he's been talking to President-elect Biden's staff". CNN. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  73. ^ Shear, Michael D.; Glueck, Katie; Haberman, Maggie; Kaplan, Thomas (November 12, 2020). "Biden Names Ron Klain as White House Chief of Staff". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
  74. ^ "Joe Biden names Cedric Richmond, O'Malley Dillon to White House posts". USA Today. October 27, 2020. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  75. ^ "Biden Administration: Here's Who Has Been Named So Far". NPR.org. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  76. ^ "Biden announces more members of White House senior staff". CNN. November 20, 2020. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  77. ^ Pager, Tyler; Epstein, Jennifer; Mohsin, Saleha (November 22, 2020). "Biden to Name Longtime Aide Blinken as Secretary of State". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  78. ^ Jakes, Lara; Crowley, Michael; Sanger, David E. (November 22, 2020). "Biden Chooses Antony Blinken, Defender of Global Alliances, as Secretary of State". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  79. ^ Sarah Mucha; Gregory Krieg. "Joe Biden nominates first woman to lead intelligence and first Latino to head homeland security". CNN. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  80. ^ Stein, Jeff; Siegel, Rachel (November 23, 2020). "Biden's pick for treasury secretary will be Janet Yellen". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
  81. ^ "President-elect Joe Biden Names Ron Klain as White House Chief of Staff". President-Elect Joe Biden. November 12, 2020. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
  82. ^ Jump up to: a b c "President-elect Joe Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris Announce Additional Members of White House Senior Staff". President-Elect Joe Biden. December 22, 2020. Archived from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
  83. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "President-elect Joe Biden Announces Members of White House Senior Staff". President-Elect Joe Biden. November 17, 2020. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
  84. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "President-elect Joe Biden Announces Key Members of Health Team". Build Back Better. December 7, 2020. Archived from the original on December 7, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
  85. ^ "President-elect Biden and Vice President-elect Announced Additional Members of the Office of White House Counsel". President-Elect Joe Biden. December 23, 2020. Archived from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  86. ^ Jump up to: a b c "President-elect Joe Biden Announces Members of White House Senior Staff". President-Elect Joe Biden. November 20, 2020. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  87. ^ Jump up to: a b c "President-elect Joe Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris Announce Additional Members of White House Staff". President-Elect Joe Biden. December 30, 2020. Archived from the original on December 31, 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
  88. ^ "President-elect Joe Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris Announces Additional Members of White House Staff". President-Elect Joe Biden. January 14, 2021. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  89. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "President-elect Joe Biden and Vice President-Elect Kamala Harris Announce Members of White House Senior Communications Staff". President-Elect Joe Biden. November 29, 2020. Archived from the original on November 30, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
  90. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Vice President-elect Kamala Harris Announces Members of White House Senior Staff". President-Elect Joe Biden. December 3, 2020. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  91. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Domestic Nominees and Appointees". President-Elect Joe Biden. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved December 10, 2020.
  92. ^ Zeleny, Jeff (January 7, 2021). "Biden poised to tap Rhode Island Gov. Gina Raimondo to lead Commerce Department". CNN. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  93. ^ Staff, Politico (January 7, 2021). "Biden chooses Boston mayor Walsh as Labor secretary". POLITICO. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  94. ^ "President-elect Biden Announces Mayor Pete Buttigieg as Nominee for Secretary of Transportation". President-Elect Joe Biden. December 15, 2020. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
  95. ^ Perano, Hans Nichols,Ursula. "Biden to pick Isabel Guzman as Small Business Administrator". Axios. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  96. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "President-elect Biden Announces Key Members of Economic Team". President-Elect Joe Biden. November 30, 2020. Archived from the original on November 30, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
  97. ^ "Brian Deese, Director of the National Economic Council". Biden-Harris Transition. December 3, 2020. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
  98. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "President-elect Biden Announces Key Members of His Climate Team". President-Elect Joe Biden. December 18, 2020. Archived from the original on December 18, 2020. Retrieved December 18, 2020.
  99. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "President-Elect Biden Announces Key Members of Foreign Policy and National Security Team". President-Elect Joe Biden. November 23, 2020. Archived from the original on November 29, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
  100. ^ "President-elect Biden Nominates Retired Four-Star General Lloyd Austin as Secretary of Defense". President-Elect Joe Biden. December 8, 2020. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  101. ^ "Judge Merrick Garland, Attorney General". Buildbackbetter.gov. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  102. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "President-elect Biden Announces Key Members of his White House Science Team". President-Elect Joe Biden. January 16, 2021. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  103. ^ "Who is Bhavya Lal, new acting chief of staff at NASA". Archived from the original on February 21, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  104. ^ Indian-American Bhavya Lal appointed acting chief of staff of NASA Archived February 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Times of India, 1 February 2021, retrieved 25 February 2021.
  105. ^ Hunnicutt, Trevor. "Biden Team Says Defense Department Officials Halted Cooperation". U.S. News & World Report. U.S. News & World Report L.P. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
  106. ^ Kheel, Rebecca. "Biden team expresses concern over 'abrupt halt' in cooperation with Pentagon". TheHill.com. The Hill. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
  107. ^ Viser, Matt; Kim, Seung Min; Linskey, Annie. "Biden plans immediate flurry of executive orders to reverse Trump policies". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  108. ^ Friedman, Zack. "Biden Plans These 5 Executive Orders". Forbes. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  109. ^ Zilbermints, Regina (December 30, 2020). "Biden aims to freeze Trump's 'midnight regulations'". TheHill. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
  110. ^ Sullivan, Kate. "Here are 10 climate executive actions Biden says he will take on day one". Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020 – via CNN.
  111. ^ Luhby, Tami; Kelly, Caroline; Cole, Devan. "Here are 7 Trump health care measures that Biden will likely overturn". CNN. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  112. ^ Collinson, Stephen; Reston, Maeve. "Biden urges America to mask up for 100 days as coronavirus surges". CNN. Archived from the original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  113. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Biden Transition Organization – Staff, Advisors". www.democracyinaction.us. November 9, 2017. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  114. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Cindy McCain Joins Biden-Harris Transition Team's Advisory Board". President-Elect Joe Biden. September 28, 2020. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  115. ^ Schouten, Fredreka (February 22, 2021). "President Joe Biden raised $22 million to fund his transition to power". CNN. Archived from the original on February 23, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2021.

External links[]

Preceded by
Donald Trump 		United States presidential transition
2020–2021 		Succeeded by
TBD
Retrieved from ""