Quzhou dialect
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Quzhou dialect | |
---|---|
衢州話 | |
Pronunciation | [dʒy tɕiɯ ɦuɑ] |
Native to | People's Republic of China |
Region | Quzhou prefecture, Zhejiang province |
Native speakers | approx. 2 million[citation needed] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog | chuz1238 |
Quzhou dialect (衢州話; pronounced [dʒytɕiɯɦuɑ][missing tone] in Quzhou dialect) is a dialect of Wu Chinese spoken in Quzhou.
Phonology[]
Initials[]
Labial | Dental | Palatal | Postalveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m 迷 | n 拿 | ɲ 寧 | ŋ 咬 | |||
Plosive | voiceless | p 巴 | t 丁 | k 公 | ʔ 愛 | ||
aspirated | pʰ 怕 | tʰ 聽 | kʰ 空 | ||||
slack voice | b̥ 爬 | d̥ 停 | ɡ̊ 共 | ||||
Affricate | voiceless | ts 增 | tɕ 九 | tʃ 真 | |||
aspirated | tsʰ 寸 | tɕʰ 秋 | tʃʰ 春 | ||||
slack voice | d̥z̥ 存 | d̥ʑ̊ 求 | d̥ʒ̊ 陳 | ||||
Fricative | voiceless | f 方 | s 森 | ɕ 心 | ʃ 雙 | x 好 | |
slack voice | v̥ 房 | z̥ 時 | ʑ̊ 尋 | ʒ 床 | ɣ 或 | ||
Approximant | l 來 | (j) 移 | (w) 吳 | ɦ 或 |
Finals[]
There are at least the following finals: 姆 [m], 魚 [ŋ], 爾 [ɫ], 試 [ʐ]
水 [ɥ], 去 [i], 布 [u], 雨 [y]
家 [ɑ], 謝 [iɑ], 瓜 [uɑ]
菜 [e̞], 快 [ue̞]
走 [ɘɪ], 會 [uɘɪ]
包 [ɔ], 表 [iɔ]
勾 [ɤ], 九 [iɯ]
南 [ə], 官 [uə], 捐 [yə]
變 [ie]
三 [æ], 慣 [uæ]
本 [ən], 金 [iɲ], 昏 [uən], 運 [yɲ]
打 [ã], 兩 [iã], 昌 [uã]
方 [ɒ̃], 旺 [iɒ̃], 光 [uɒ̃]
公 [oŋ], 窘 [ioŋ]
六 [əʔ], 业 [iɘʔ], 國 [uəʔ], 肉 [yəʔ]
脱 [ənʔ], 衢 [ɥ]
白 [ɐ̞ʔ] -aq, 弱 [iɐ̞ʔ], 划 [uɐ̞ʔ]
Tones[]
Quzhou dialect is considered to have seven tones. However, since the tone split from Middle Chinese, characters still depend on the voicing of the initial consonant. These constitute just three phonemic tones: ping, shang, and qu. (Ru syllables are phonemically toneless.)
Number | Tone name | Tone contour | Examples |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 陰平 yīn píng | [˦] (44) | 江天飛空 |
2 | 陽平 yáng píng | [˩˩˨] (112) | 來同魚頭 |
3 | 陰上 yīn shàng | [˧˦] (34) | 懂紙古口 |
4 | 陽去 yáng qù | [˧˩] (31) | 外地路道 |
5 | 陰去 yīn qù | [˥˨] (52) | 對去馬你 |
6 | 陽入 yīn rù | [˩˨̚] (12) | 六肉白石 |
7 | 陽入 yáng rù | [˥̚] (5) | 各黑出脫 |
Grammar[]
Sentence structure[]
你
ni
2SG
我
ŋu
1SG
個
kəʔ
GEN
朋友
põjɤ
friend
啘。
ue
PTCL
You are my friend
The first example can be compared with Japanese: あなたは私の友達だよ。(anata wa watashi no tomodachi dayo.) Here, 啘 resembles Japanese だよ (dayo).
渠(其)
ɡi
3SG
你
ɳi
2SG
老師
lɔsʐ
teacher
啘,
ue,
PTCL,
要
iɔ
have
尊重
tseɳd͡ʒõ
respect
人家。
niŋkɒ
other
He/she is your teacher, and you have to respect him/her.
鉛筆
kæpiəʔ
pencil
借
t͡ʃiɒ
borrow
支
t͡sʐ
CL
我
ŋu
1SG
好伐?
xɔfɐ̞ʔ
INTERR
Can I borrow a pencil?
飯
væ
rice/meal
再
t͡se
again
喫
t͡ɕʰiəʔ
eat
碗
uə
bowl
添,
tʰie,
PTCL?
多
tu
more
吃
t͡ɕʰiəʔ
eat
些兒
ʃin
more+
啊。
o
PTCL
If you want to eat more, then eat more if you'd like.
感冒藥
kəmɔjɐ̞ʔ
cold medicine
喫嘞
t͡ɕʰiəʔləʔ
taking/eating
朆
vən
INTERR
你,
ɳi,
2SG,
覅
fiɔ
NEG
記弗着
t͡ɕʰifəʔt͡ʃɐ̞ʔ
verb-remember/NEG
掉
tɔ
PTCL
唻!
le
IMP
Have you taken your cold medicine yet? Don't forget to take it!
Lexicon[]
Pronouns[]
- 我 [ŋu˥˨] 1st person singular
- 你 [ɳi˥˨] 2nd person singular
- 渠[ ɡi˩˩˨] 3rd person singular
- 我達 [ŋu˥˨.dɐ̞ʔ˩˨], 我拉 [ŋu˥˨.lɐ̞ʔ˩˨] (我耷) 1st person plural
- 你達 [ɳi˥˨.dɐ̞ʔ˩˨, 你拉 [ɳi˥˨.lɐ̞ʔ˩˨], 爾耷- [n][tAʔ]/[dAʔ], [lAʔ] 2nd person plural
- 渠達 [ɡi˩˩˨.dɐ̞ʔ˩˨], 渠拉 [ɡi˩˩˨lɐ̞ʔ˩˨] (渠耷) 3rd person plural
References[]
- Wu Chinese
- Sino-Tibetan language stubs