Ravidassia
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Ravidassia or the Ravidas Panth[1] is an Indian religion or sect based on the teachings of Ravidass, who is revered as a satguru.[2][3][4]
Historically, Ravidassia represented a range of beliefs in the Indian subcontinent, with some devotees of Ravidass counting themselves as Ravidassia, but first formed in the early 20th-century in colonial British India.[3] The Ravidassia tradition began to take on more cohesion following 1947, and the establishment of successful Ravidassia tradition in the diaspora.[5] Estimates range between two and five million for the total number of Ravidassias.[6][7]
Ravidassias believe that Ravidas is their guru whereas the Sikhs have traditionally considered him one of many bhagats, a lower position to Guru in Sikhism.[8] Further, Ravidassias accept living sants of Ravidass Deras as Guru[9] A new Ravidassia religion was launched following an assassination attack on their visiting living Guru Niranjan Dass and his deputy Ramanand Dass in 2009 in Vienna by Khalistani militants.[1][10] Ramanand Dass died from the attack, Niranjan Dass survived his injuries, while over a dozen attendees at the temple were also injured.[10] This triggered a decisive break of the Ravidassia group from the orthodox Sikh structure.[9][1]
Prior to their break from Sikhism, the Dera Sachkhand Ballan revered and recited the Guru Granth Sahib of Sikhism.[11] However, following their split from mainstream Sikhism, the Dera Ballan compiled their own holy book based exclusively on Ravidas's teachings, the Amritbani Guru Ravidass Ji, and these Dera Ballan Ravidassia temples now use this book in place of the Guru Granth Sahib.[11][4][12]
Basis[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/ShriGuruRavidasJikijai.png)
Ravidas was born on 15 January 1377 CE (Indian calendar Sunday Sukhal Falgin Parvithta 1433) to the Chamar community.[13] [14] He was born on the locality known as Seer Govardhanpur in the city of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. His birthplace is now knows as Shri Guru Ravidass Janam Asthan, and is a major place of pilgrimage for the followers of Guru Ravidas today. Ravidassias believe that Ravidas died in Benares at the age of 151.[15][16][17]
Beliefs[]
Ravidas taught the following principles:[citation needed]
- The oneness, omnipresence and omnipotence of God.
- मन चंगा तो कठौती में गंगा.
- The human soul is a particle of God.
- The rejection of the notion that God cannot be met by lower castes.
- To realize God, which is the goal of human life, man should concentrate on God during all rituals of life.
- The only way of meeting with God (moksha) is to free the mind from duality.
Places of worship[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_offering_prayers_at_Shri_Guru_Ravidas_Janmsthan_Mandir%2C_Seer_Goverdhanpur%2C_in_Varanasi_on_February_22%2C_2016_%281%29.jpg/220px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_offering_prayers_at_Shri_Guru_Ravidas_Janmsthan_Mandir%2C_Seer_Goverdhanpur%2C_in_Varanasi_on_February_22%2C_2016_%281%29.jpg)
A Ravidassia place of worship is called a dera, sabha, mandir, gurudwara, or bhawan, sometimes translated as temple.[18][19] It is considered respectful towards Guru Ravidas and generally mandatory to cover one's head and take off one's shoes when entering the place of worship.
Bahujan Samaj Party's govt in UP built Ravidas Ghat and Park in Varanasi which is largest ghat of the city. They also renamed Bhadohi district of UP into Sant Ravidas Nagar.[20][21] Ravidassias have built Shri Guru Ravidass Janam Asthan at Varanasi, Shri Khuralgarh Sahib at Hoshiarpur, Dera Sachkhand Ballan at Jalandhar and Shri Guru Ravidas Gurughar at Tughlakabad (Delhi) is a historical Ravidas Temple built on land donated by Sikander Lodi which recently demolished by BJP govt.[22]
Outside the sabha there is always a flag upon which is written the Nishaan, and above it the "Harr" symbol which symbolising enlightenment from Guru Ravidas' teachings. But Guru Ravidass Sabhas Derby, Walsall, Gravesend, Montreal and Papakura are exceptions, as these Sabhas' official title boards display Ek Onkar and Khanda emblems alongside Harr. The title boards of these sabhas clearly mark the buildings as both Sikh Gurdwaras and Ravidass Temples.[23] Moreover, Derby Sabha's display board mentions it as a Sikh temple[24]
Langar takes place inside the sabha continuously as a practice, and all are free to partake of it.
Scriptures[]
Ravidassia places of worship contain the holy book Amritbani Guru Ravidass Ji which contains all the hymns by Guru Ravidas. This book contains the following hymns: Raga – Siri (1), Gauri (5), Asa (6), Gujari (1), Sorath (7), Dhanasari (3), Jaitsari (1), Suhi (3), Bilaval (2), Gaund (2), Ramkali (1), Maru (2), Kedara (1), Bhairau (1), Basant (1), and Malhar (3). The book contains 140 shabads, 40 pade, and 231 salok.[25] There are 177 pages in all of the book.
A version of the holy book Amrit Bani containing 240 hymns of Guru Ravidas was installed at the Guru Ravidas temple in Jalandhar, Punjab, on 1 February 2012 on the occasion of birth anniversary of Guru Ravidass. The Dera Sach Khand Ballan religious community had announced the formation of the new Ravidassia religion and separation from Sikhism at Varanasi. The split from Sikhism was triggered after the killing of its deputy head Ramanand Dass in May 2009 at a temple in Vienna by some Sikh radicals.
President of newly formed Begumpura Lok Party and a supporter of the new religion, Satish Bharti, said that the copies of the new Bani were put on display during the religious processions in order to assert that the community members are firm believers of the new religion.[26][27]
The Legal Validity of the Religion of Ravidassias in the United Kingdom and India[]
In Britain, during the 2011 Census, the Office for National Statistics counted Ravidassia as a separate religion from Sikhism. There were 11058 individuals[28][29] who claimed themselves Ravidassia in the census, out of around 100,000 strongholds in the Ravidassia community. Data shows that around 10% of members of Ravidassias community cited their religion as ’Ravidassia’ – empathically distinct from Sikhs and Hindus. During the census, not even a single Guru Ravidass Gurdwara came into direct support of this separate identity, and until date, all Guru Ravidass Gurdwaras in Britain are practising Sikhism and they do pray and perform all rituals in the presence of Shri Guru Granth Sahib.[23]
Contrary to Britain's Office for National Statistics, the Indian government and its census department have not accepted the Ravidassias community as a religion. During the 2011 census, the Ravidassia community was counted alongside other synonymous such as Ramdasia Sikh and Jatav under the title of chamar caste.[30][31]
Customs[]
The Ravidassia employ the greeting "ਜੈ ਗੁਰੂਦੇਵ" (Jai Gurudev, जय गुरुदेव), meaning “hail the god-like teacher”, the motto of the religion.[32]
Symbols[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Religious_flag_1.jpg/220px-Religious_flag_1.jpg)
The Ravidassia religious symbol is known as the Harr Nishaan ("sign of God"). The Gurmukhi transliteration of the name Harr is the main symbol of the Ravidassia religion.[11] It is also called as Koumi Nishan.[33]
The religion is also represented by a flag, with the insignia "Har" which, states Ronki Ram, includes:[33]
- A bigger circle with 40 rays of sunlight signifying forty hymns of Guru Ravidas;
- Inside the big circle is a small circle, inside which is written "Har" in Gurmukhi language (ਹਰਿ) with a flame on top of it;
- The flame represents the Naam (word) that would illuminate the entire world, and reaches the outer circle;
- Between the two circles is written a couplet composed by Ravidas: ਨਾਮ ਤੇਰੇ ਕਿ ਜੋਤੀ ਲਗਾਈ, ਭੇਈਓ ਓ ਭਵਣ ਸਗਲਈ (Naam tere kee jot lagayi, Bhaio Ujiaaro Bhawan saglaare, "Your Name is the flame I light; it has illuminated the entire world")
The insignia Har, states Ram, represents the "very being of Ravidass and his teachings".[33] It is chosen after the name of their Guru, as ravi means "illumination" and dass "servant of god".[citation needed]
Sikh Ravidassia[]
Majority of Ravidasias practicing Sikhism and having faith in Shri Guru Granth Sahib.This sect of Ravidasias are mainly residing in Malwa region of Punjab. Most of the Guru Ravidass Gurdwaras are staunch follower of Shri Guru Granth Sahib and first and oldest shrine on Fiji Island constructed by Ravidassia community is also known as Nasinu Sikh Temple. This Gurdwara was constructed by Ravidasias migrants from Doaba in 1939.[34]
Ravidassia's Caste Cluster[]
"Ramdasia is a term used in general for Sikhs whose ancestors belonged ex untouchables Chamar caste. Originally they are followers of Guru Ravidass ji who belongs to Chamar community ".[35] Both the words Ramdasia and Ravidasia are also used inter changeably while these also have regional context. In Puadh and Malwa, largely Ramdasia in used while Ravidasia is predominantly used in Doaba.[36]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/List_of_Scheduled_Castes_Punjab.jpg/220px-List_of_Scheduled_Castes_Punjab.jpg)
Ramdasia Sikhs are enlisted as scheduled caste by Department of Social justice, Empowerment and Minorities- Government of Punjab. On Department's list of Scheduled Caste, this caste is listed on serial number 9 along with other Chamar caste synonymous such as Ravidasia, Jatav and so on.[37]
Ad-Dharmis of Chamar sect are followers of Guru Ravidas ,[38] and incorporate elements of Sikhism[39] as they regard Shri Guru Granth Sahib as their religious text.[40] Chamar caste cluster consists many sub-caste - Chamar, Jatav, Ahirwar, Kureel, Madiga, Ad-Dharmi, Dhusia, Rohit, Satnami, Berwa, Regar, Balai, Bhambi, Chambhar and Muchi. Earlier Meghwals were also considered as a Chamar.
Festival[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Devotees_at_635th_Anniversary_of_Sri_Guru_Ravidass_ji.jpg/220px-Devotees_at_635th_Anniversary_of_Sri_Guru_Ravidass_ji.jpg)
The birthday of Ravidas is celebrated every year at his temple in Seer Govardhanpur, Varanasi the state of Uttar Pradesh in January or February and the Govt. of India has declared it as a gazetted holiday.[41]
Every year more than 1 million devotees from India and abroad visit the Seer Goverdhanpur temple. In India, devotees pour in from Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, MP, Bihar, UP and Uttarakhand while foreign devotees from the US, Canada and UK throng the village.
On the day there is a Paath of Amritbani Guru Ravidas read, the Harr Nishaan Sahib is changed ceremonially, and there is a special Ravidassia Arti and a Nagar Kirtan procession bearing Shri Guru Ravidas' portrait to the accompaniment of music through the streets of the temple locality.
Special pilgrim trains have been run to and from Varanasi for the last 12 years on the occasion of Parkash Ustav of Guru Ravi Dass. A special train, Jammu Tawi - Varanasi Begampura Express (12238) run from Jalandhar to Varanasi and back every year on Guru Ravidass Jyanti Purb for the convenience of the pilgrims, since 2000.[42]
Ravidasia Diaspora[]
Ravidasia Sikh diaspora emigrated from India is significant. There are Ravidasia Sikh settlers in Europe, as well as a sizable Ravidasia Sikh population in North America, primarily in the United States and Canada. Mahiya Ram Mehmi and Mahey were the very first people who landed in British Columbia in 1906.[43] They were both also involved in the foundation of the first Canadian Gurdwara, the Khalsa Diwan Society, Vancouver. There is a sizeable population of Ravidasia Sikhs in Oceania too. Ravidassias from Doaba established the second gurdwara in the Oceania region in Nasinu on Fiji Island in 1939.[44] A Classical Study by W.H. Briggs in his book Punjabis in New Zealand, Briggs penned down the precise number of Ravidassias in New Zealand during the very first wave of immigration.[45]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Gurdwara_Guru_Ravidass%2C_Nasinu%2C_Fiji.jpg/220px-Gurdwara_Guru_Ravidass%2C_Nasinu%2C_Fiji.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gurdwara_Guru_Ravidass_Bhavan%2C_Birmingham.jpg/220px-Gurdwara_Guru_Ravidass_Bhavan%2C_Birmingham.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Gurdwara_Guru_Ravidass_Sabha%2CSouthall_.jpg/220px-Gurdwara_Guru_Ravidass_Sabha%2CSouthall_.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Gurdwara_Guru_Ravidass_Temple%2C_Auckland.jpg/220px-Gurdwara_Guru_Ravidass_Temple%2C_Auckland.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Shri_Guru_Ravidass_Temple_in_the_UK.jpg/220px-Shri_Guru_Ravidass_Temple_in_the_UK.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gurdwara_Guru_Ravidass_Temple%2C_Pittsburgh.jpg/220px-Gurdwara_Guru_Ravidass_Temple%2C_Pittsburgh.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gurdwara_Guru_Ravidass_Sabha%2C_Oostende.jpg/220px-Gurdwara_Guru_Ravidass_Sabha%2C_Oostende.jpg)
Notable Ravidassia[]
Religious figures[]
- Guru Ravidas, was an Indian mystic poet-saint of the Bhakti movement
- Giani Ditt Singh, Chief Editor of Khalsa Akhbar, key leader in Singh Sabha movement, professor and instrumental in establishment of Khalsa College.[46]
- Bhai Sangat Singh, a Sikh warrior who martyred in Battle of Chamkaur.
- Swami Achootanand, poet, critic, dramatist, historian, social reformer, former Arya Samajist and founder of the Adi Hindu movement.[47]
- Ghasidas, reviver of Satnami panth
- Ramanand Dass, former head of Dera Sachkhand Ballan
Rulers[]
- Avantivarman, founder of Utpala dynasty in Kashmir and built the Avantiswami Temple.[48]
- Sankaravarman, second ruler of the Utpala dynasty.[48]
Revolutionaries and freedom fighters[]
- Banke Chamar, Martyr of 1857 rebellion
- Chetram Jatav, Martyr of 1857 rebellion
- Mohan Lal Kureel, officer of Chamar Regiment.
- Babu Mangu Ram, founder members of the Ghadar Party and founder of Ad-Dharm movement in Punjab
Politics[]
India[]
- Babu Jagjivan Ram, former Deputy Prime Minister of India and first Labour Minister of India.[49]
- Dr.Mono Mohan Das, former MP and member in the Constituent Assembly of India
- Ram Ratan Ram, former MLA, Minister and member in the Constituent Assembly of India
- Kanshi Ram, founder DS4, BAMCEF and Bahujan Samaj Party who became tallest Dalit leader after Dr. B.R. Ambedkar[50]
- Mayawati, four times Chief Minister of UP
- Chaudhary Chand Ram, former MP and Deputy Chief Minister of Haryana
- Selja Kumari, former MP and Union Minister
- Meira Kumar, former Indian Diplomat, MP and Speaker of Lok Sabha
- Ram Sundar Das, former MP and Chief Minister of Bihar
- Bangaru Laxman, former MP, Minister and National President of BJP
- Vijay Sampla, former Union Minister and Chairman of the NCSC
- Som Parkash, former IAS and Union Minister
- Rattan Lal Kataria- MLA and Union Minister
- Chaudhary Dalbir Singh, former MP and Minister
- Chaudhary Sadhu Ram, 3-times MP and former State President of SCF
- Chaudhary Sunder Singh, former MP
- Bhagat Ram, former MP of Phillaur
- Harbhajan Lakha, former MP of Phillaur
- Satnam Singh Kainth, former MP and founder of BSP (Kainth)
- Sukhdev Singh Libra, former MP of Fatehgarh Sahib
- Harchand Singh, former MP of Ropar
- Santokh Singh Chaudhary, former MP of Jalandhar, minister and Chief Parliamentary Secretary
- Dr.Amar Singh, former bureaucrat and MP
- Navneet Kaur Rana , former Actress and Current M.P Amarawati
- Santosh Chowdhary, former MP
- Shamsher Singh Dullo, former Member of Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha
- Harinder Singh Khalsa, former I.F.S and MP
- Mohinder Singh Kaypee, former MP and the president of PPCC
- Sadhu Singh, MP and member of National Executive Committee in AAP
- Dr.Bali Ram, former MP of Lalganj
- Sangeeta Azad, former MP of Lalganj
- Purnmasi Ram, former MP of Gopalganj
- Janak Ram, former MP and Minister
- Alok Kumar Suman, MP of Gopalganj
- Ashok Tanwar, former MP, National President of NSUI and IYC
Governors[]
- Babu Parmanand, former Governor of Haryana
- Baby Rani Maurya, former Governor of Uttarakhand, Mayor of Agra and Minister
- Satyadev Narayan Arya, former Governor, minister and President of BJP SC Cell
- Suraj Bhan, former Governor, Minister and Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha
Punjab Politics[]
- Charanjit Singh Channi, former Chief Minister of Punjab.[51]
- Chaudhary Ram Lubaya, former MLA
- Lal Chand Kataruchakk, Minister in Punjab govt
- Harpal Singh Cheema - Minister in Punjab govt
- Dr. Baljit Kaur, Minister in Punjab govt
- Gopal Singh Khalsa - MLA, Secretary of SGPC and Leader of Opposition
- Master Gurbanta Singh, former MLA and Secretary of Ad Dharm Mandal
- Chaudhary Jagjit Singh- former MLA and Minister.
- Jagat Ram Soondh, former MLA and Minister
- Chaudhary Surinder Singh, former M.L.A
- Avinash Chander, two times MLA and Chief Parliamentary Secretary for Higher Education & Languages Dept.
- Pawan Kumar Tinu, former MLA from Adampur
- Des Raj Dhugga, former MLA and President of SAD SC wing
- Joginder Pal, former MLA of Bhoa
- Sarwan Singh Phillaur, six-times MLA and minister
- Darshan Singh Kaypee, former MP and Minister
- Baldev Singh Khaira former MLA
- Vaninder Kaur Loomba, former MLA
- Jagtar Singh Jagga Hissowal, former MLA
- Kulwant Singh, former Mayor of Mohali, businessman and MLA
- Jiwan Singh Sangowal, MLA of Gill
- Saravjit Kaur Manuke, MLA Jagraon
- Sheetal Angural, MLA from Jalandhar West
- Dr.Ravjot Singh, MLA from Sham Chaurasi
- Raj Kumar Chabbewal, MLA from Chabbewal
- Sukhwinder Kumar, MLA from Banga
- Dr. Charanjit Singh, MLA from Chamkaur Sahib
- Rupinder Singh, MLA from Bassi Pathana
- Manwinder Singh, MLA from Payal
- Hakam Singh Thekedar, MLA from Raikot
- Rajneesh Dahiya, MLA from Ferozpur Rural
- Amandeep Singh Musafir, MLA from Balluana
- Amit Rattan, MLA from Bathinda Rural
- Budh Ram- MLA from Budhalada
- Kulwant Singh Pandori- MLA from Mehal Kalan
- Gurdev Singh Mann, MLA from Nabha
Other States Politics[]
- Chandrashekhar Azad, National President of Bhim Army and founder of ASP.[52]
- Chaudhary Prem Singh, former Deputy Chairman of Zonal Committee of MCD, MLA and Speaker of Delhi Legislative Assembly
- Geeta Bhukkal, former MLA and Minister
- Ramai Ram, former MLA and Minister
- Sukar Ravidas, former MLA of Jamua
- Azad Ari Mardan, former MLA of Lalganj
Artists[]
- Amar Singh Chamkila, legendary Punjabi folk singer, music composer and songwriter
- Miss Pooja, Punjabi folk and bhangra singer
- Ginni Mahi, Punjabi folk singer and rapper
- Kanth Kaler, Punjabi folk and pop singer
- Manjit Rupowalia, Punjabi singer
Writer[]
- Lal Singh Dil, Punjabi poet and writer
- Balbir Madhopuri, Punjabi writer
- Gurdas Ram Alam, Punjabi writer
- Sheoraj Singh Bechain, Dalit Hindi writer
- Neerav Patel, Gujarati writer
- Ramnarayan Yadavendu, Hindi writer
- Kanwal Bharti, Hindi writer
- Pyare Lal Kureel, Urdu poet and politician
- Satyendra Murli, journalist and political analyst
Sports[]
- Palwankar Baloo, first Inian Dalit cricketer and politician
- Vithal Palwankar, first Dalit to captain a cricket team
- Palwankar Ganpat, Indian cricket player
- Palwankar Shivram, Indian cricket player
- Netan Sansara, British footballer
- Abhinas Ruidas, Indian footballer
- Liton Das, Bangladeshi cricketer
- Vandana Katariya, Indian field hockey player
- Amit Rohidas, Indian field hockey player
- Supriya Jatav, Indian Karatake
Civil Servant[]
- Swaran Ram Darapuri, former I.G of Uttar Pradesh
- K. R. Punia, former IAS and Minister
- Asim Arun, former IPS and Minister
- P. L. Punia, former IAS, Chairman of NHRC, NCSC and Union Minister
- Amrik Singh Nimbran, former IPS of Bihar cadre and writer
- Darbara Singh Guru IAS, former principal secretary
See also[]
- Dera Sach Khand
- Sant Mat
- List of Ravidassia people
- Bhakti movement
- Ramdasia Sikhs
- Sects of Sikhism#Split traditions
References[]
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Pioneer, The. "BSP will rename Bhadohi as Sant Ravidas Nagar after coming to power in UP: Maya". The Pioneer. Retrieved 2022-10-01.
- ^ DelhiAugust 22, Mukesh Rawat New; August 23, 2019UPDATED; Ist, 2019 11:12. "Explained: Why are Dalits agitated over demolition of Ravidas temple in Delhi". India Today. Retrieved 2022-10-01.
{{cite web}}
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External links[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Ravidassia
- Bhakti movement
- Bhakti-era Hindu sects
- Contemporary Sant Mat
- Nirguna worship traditions
- Sant Mat
- Dalit communities
- Social groups of Punjab, India
- Weaving communities of South Asia