Rhode Island Supreme Court
Rhode Island Supreme Court | |
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![]() State Seal of Rhode Island | |
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Established | 1747 (colonial form) 1841, (current constitution) |
Location | Providence, Rhode Island |
Composition method | Appointment by governor, legislative consent |
Authorized by | Rhode Island Constitution |
Appeals to | Supreme Court of the United States |
Number of positions | 5 |
Website | Official website |
Chief Justice | |
Currently | Paul Suttell |
Since | July 16, 2009 |
The Rhode Island Supreme Court is the court of last resort in the U.S. State of Rhode Island. The Court consists of a Chief Justice and four Associate Justices, all selected by the Governor of Rhode Island from candidates vetted by the Judicial Nominating Commission. Each justice enjoys lifetime tenure and no mandatory retirement age, similar to Federal judges. Justices may be removed only if impeached for improper conduct by a vote of the Rhode Island House of Representatives and convicted by trial in the Rhode Island Senate.
History[]
In 1747, the Rhode Island General Assembly authorized the creation of a Superior Court of Judicature, Court of Assize, and General Gaol Delivery, consisting of one chief justice and four associates, all serving one year terms. The 1747 enactment replaced an earlier appeals court of the same name, which had been composed of the governor or deputy governor and at least six of the elected "assistants," which dated to 1729 under the same name and the composition dated back to the 1663 charter when it was known as the "General Court of Trials." This court had replaced an even earlier court formed under the Charter of 1644, a 1647 enactment of a code of laws, and a 1651 amendment creating appellate jurisdiction.[1]
Most of the judges during the 18th century were laymen, merchants or farmers and did not possess formal legal training, and therefore the court did not explicitly follow English common law. Parties, however, could still appeal to either the British monarch, English courts or the General Assembly until independence in 1776.[2]
In 1747 the General Assembly appointed the first Chief Justice, Gideon Cornell, who was a judge, farmer, and merchant, and the second, Joshua Babcock, a Yale-educated physician. Stephen Hopkins, later signatory of the Declaration of Independence, served as the third Chief Justice from 1747 to 1755.[2]
In 1798, the General Assembly renamed the Court the "Supreme Judicial Court," and in 1843, the "Supreme Court." The first officially recorded decision was Stoddard v. Martin, 1 R.I. 1 (1828), a case involving gambling on an election. Since 1930, the Court has been located within the Licht Judicial Complex at the base of College Hill in Providence, Rhode Island. Until 1994, the General Assembly sitting with both houses in "Grand Committee" chose the Supreme Court justices without the governor's consent. In 1994, after a wave of corruption scandals, citizens amended the Rhode Island Constitution to allow the governor to choose Supreme Court nominees from a list of candidates approved by a non-partisan nominating committee. Both houses of the General Assembly still must approve any nominees.
Current justices[]
Justice | Born | Term began | Appointed by | Law school |
---|---|---|---|---|
Paul Suttell, Chief Justice | January 10, 1949 | July 9, 2003 (as Associate Justice) July 16, 2009 (as Chief) |
Donald Carcieri (R) | Suffolk |
Maureen McKenna Goldberg | February 11, 1951 | May 1997 | Lincoln Almond (R) | Suffolk |
William P. Robinson III | January 30, 1940 | 2004 | Donald Carcieri (R) | Boston College |
Erin Lynch Prata | May 17, 1975 | January 4, 2021[3] | Gina Raimondo (D) | Catholic University of America |
Melissa A. Long | 1970/1971 (age 50–51) | January 11, 2021[4] | Gina Raimondo (D) | George Mason |
Notable cases[]
- Stoddard v. Martin (1828) first case recorded in the official reports of the Rhode Island Supreme Court.
- Trevett v. Weeden (1786), (involving the legitimacy of paper money) was one of the first cases where a state court held a legislative act unconstitutional, setting precedent for Marbury v. Madison.[5]
- Angel v. Murray, 113 R.I. 482, 322 A.2d 630 (1974), which was the first case to apply the UCC's reasoning on contract modification to service contracts. The rule states that a contract does not always need additional consideration for modification, provided certain conditions are present.
- Picard v. Barry Pontiac-Buick, Inc., 654 A.2d 690 (R.I. 1995), a tort case, which is often used as an example of battery in tort textbooks.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/View_of_Courthouse_and_Memorial_Park.jpg/220px-View_of_Courthouse_and_Memorial_Park.jpg)
Notable Rhode Island Supreme Court justices[]
- Peleg Arnold, Delegate to the Continental Congress
- Joshua Babcock, physician, friend of Benjamin Franklin
- Charles S. Bradley, former partner at Tillinghast & Bradley
- William Ellery, Signatory of the Declaration of Independence
- Stephen Hopkins, Signatory of the Declaration of Independence, Governor of Rhode Island
- David Howell, Delegate to the Continental Congress, federalist leader, U.S. District Judge
- Christopher Lippitt, American revolution officer under George Washington
- Daniel Lyman, member of the secessionist Hartford Convention of 1814
- Samuel Ward, Delegate to the Continental Congress, Governor
- William West, 1787–1789, American Revolution general, Deputy Governor, anti-federalist rebellion leader
Chief Justices of Rhode Island[]
A few noted Chief Justices of the Rhode Island Supreme Court include:
- Joshua Babcock
- Stephen Hopkins
- Samuel Ward
- John Gardner
- Peleg Arnold
- Daniel Lyman
- Paul A. Suttell
Images[]
The 18th Century Newport Colony House was an early meeting place of the Court
Dr. Joshua Babcock was the 2nd and 10th Chief Justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court
3rd Chief Justice, Stephen Hopkins, later signed the Declaration of Independence
Footnotes[]
- ^ Gail I. Winson, "Researching the Laws of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations: From Lively Experiment to Statehood" pg. 19–22 [1]
- ^ Jump up to: a b RICHMAN, I.B. (1905). RHODE ISLAND. p. 191. Retrieved 2015-09-11.
- ^ "RI high court gains first woman of color". WPRO. January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
- ^ Gammans, Bay; Wilber, Logan (January 11, 2021). "Melissa Long sworn in as first Black justice in RI Supreme Court". WPRI.com. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
- ^ Warren, Charles. History of the Harvard Law School and of Early Legal Conditions in America. New York: Lewis Publishing Company, 1908. Three volumes, pg. 66 [2]
External links[]
- Rhode Island Supreme Court
- Irving Berdine Richman, Rhode Island: A Study in Separatism, (Houghton, Mifflic & Co, Rhode Island: 1907), 191.
- Thomas Durfee, Gleanings from the Judicial History of Rhode Island, (Providence: Sidney S. Rider, 1883), p. 164
- Amasa M. Eaton, The Development of the Judicial System in Rhode Island, Yale Law Journal14 (Jan. 1905), 148–170.
- John T. Farrell, The Early History of Rhode Island’s Court System, Rhode Island History 9 (July 1950), 65–71; 9 (Oct. 1950), 103–117; 10 (Jan. 1951), 14–25
- Link to article describing various RI Court primary sources
- Gail I. Winson, "," (Roger Williams School of Law).
- Map: 41°49′31″N 71°24′25″W / 41.82528°N 71.40694°WCoordinates: 41°49′31″N 71°24′25″W / 41.82528°N 71.40694°W
- Supreme Court Opinions from the Rhode Island State Archives
- "Rhode Island", Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School, OCLC 1078785565,
Court decisions freely available to the public online, in a consistent format, digitized from the collection of the Harvard Law Library
- 1747 establishments in Rhode Island
- State supreme courts of the United States
- Rhode Island state courts
- Courts and tribunals established in 1747
- 1841 establishments in Rhode Island
- Courts and tribunals established in 1841