Ronald Evans (astronaut)

Ronald E. Evans Jr.
Born	Ronald Ellwin Evans Jr. (1933-11-10)November 10, 1933 St. Francis, Kansas, U.S.
Died	April 7, 1990(1990-04-07) (aged 56) Scottsdale, Arizona, U.S.
Nationality	American
Other names	Ron Evans
Alma mater	University of Kansas, B.S. 1956 NPS, M.S. 1964
Occupation	Naval aviator, engineer
Awards
Space career
NASA Astronaut
Rank	Captain, USN
Time in space	12d 13h 52m
Selection	1966 NASA Group 5
Total EVAs	1
Total EVA time	1 hour 5 minutes
Missions	Apollo 17
Mission insignia
Retirement	March 15, 1977

Capt. Ronald Ellwin Evans Jr., USN (November 10, 1933 – April 7, 1990) was an American naval officer and aviator, electrical engineer, aeronautical engineer, and NASA astronaut. As command module pilot on Apollo 17 he was one of the 24 astronauts to have flown to the Moon, and one of 12 people to have flown to the Moon without landing on it.

Before becoming an astronaut, Evans graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering from the University of Kansas and joined the U.S. Navy. After receiving his naval aviator wings, Evans served as a fighter pilot and flew combat during the Vietnam War. In 1964 he received a Master of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School. Achieving the rank of captain, he retired from the Navy in 1976.

Evans was selected as an astronaut by NASA as part of Astronaut Group 5 in 1966 and made his only flight into space as Command Module Pilot aboard Apollo 17 in December 1972, the last crewed mission to the Moon, with Commander Eugene Cernan and Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt. During the flight, Evans and five mice orbited the Moon a record 75 times^[1] as his two crewmates descended to the surface. He is the last person to orbit the Moon alone and, at 148 hours, holds the record for the most time spent in lunar orbit. In 1975 Evans served as backup Command Module Pilot for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project mission.

During Apollo 17's return flight to Earth, Evans performed an extravehicular activity to retrieve film cassettes from the exterior of the spacecraft, the command and service module. It was the third "deep space" EVA, and is the spacewalk performed at the greatest distance from any planetary body. As of 2021, it remains one of only three deep space EVAs, all made during the Apollo program's J-missions.^[2] It was also the final spacewalk of the Apollo program.

Biography[]

Early life and education[]

Evans was born on November 10, 1933, in St. Francis, Kansas, to parents Clarence Ellwin Evans (1911–1985) and Marie A. Evans (née Priebe; 1913–1992). He had two siblings, Larry Joe Evans (1935–1951) and Jay Evans. He was active in the Boy Scouts of America where he achieved its second highest rank, Life Scout. He graduated from Highland Park High School in Topeka, Kansas, in 1951, received a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering from the University of Kansas in 1956, and a Master of Science degree in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in 1964. He was a member of Tau Beta Pi, Society of Sigma Xi, and Sigma Nu.^[3]

Military service[]

In June 1957 he completed flight training after receiving his commission as an Ensign through the Navy ROTC Program at the University of Kansas. Upon receiving his aviator wings in 1962, he was a fighter pilot with Fighter Squadron 142 (VF-142), serving on two aircraft carrier cruises in the Pacific Ocean, then a combat flight instructor for the F-8 aircraft with Fighter Squadron 124 (VF-124).^[4]

From 1964 to 1966 Evans was on sea duty in the Pacific, assigned to Fighter Squadron 51 (VF-51), flying F-8 Crusader from the carrier USS Ticonderoga. During this assignment, he completed a seven-month tour of duty flying combat missions in Vietnam War. He was with VF-51 when he was selected as an astronaut in April 1966.^[3]

Evans logged 5,100 hours of flight time, including 4,600 hours in jet aircraft.^[3]

Evans during his trans-Earth EVA on Apollo 17

NASA career[]

Evans was one of the 19 astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966.^[5] He served as a member of the astronaut support crews for the Apollo 7 and Apollo 11 flights, and as backup Command Module Pilot for Apollo 14.^[3][6]

Evans' only space flight was as Command Module Pilot of Apollo 17, the last scheduled U.S. crewed mission to the Moon. He was accompanied by Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt. While Cernan and Schmitt landed and worked on the Moon in the Taurus–Littrow valley, Evans remained in lunar orbit on board the Command Module America, completing assigned work tasks which required visual geological observations, hand-held photography of specific targets, and the control of cameras and other highly sophisticated scientific equipment carried in the service module's SIM bay.^[3]

The Blue Marble, an iconic photograph of Earth, is credited to the three crewmen of Apollo 17.

On the way back to Earth, Evans completed a one-hour, six-minute extravehicular activity, successfully retrieving three camera cassettes and completing a personal inspection of the equipment bay area. He logged 301 hours and 51 minutes in space, 1 hour and 6 minutes of which were spent in extravehicular activity.^[6] He holds the record of most time spent in lunar orbit: six days and four hours (148 hours).^[6][3]

Evans was later backup Command Module Pilot for the 1975 Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission.^[6]

Evans retired from the U.S. Navy as Captain on April 30, 1976, with 21 years of service, and remained active as a NASA astronaut involved in the development of NASA's Space Shuttle program.^[6][3] He served as a member of the operations and training group within the Astronaut Office, responsible for launch and ascent phases of the Space Shuttle flight program.^[6]

Later years[]

Evans retired from NASA in March 1977 to pursue a career in the coal industry.^[3] Later he worked with Western American Energy Corporation in Scottsdale, Arizona, and was Director of Space Systems Marketing for Sperry Flight Systems.^[8]

He died in his sleep of a heart attack in Scottsdale, Arizona, on April 7, 1990, and was survived by his widow Jan; his daughter, Jaime D. Evans (born August 21, 1959); and his son, Jon P. Evans (born October 9, 1961).^[9] Evans was buried at the Valley Presbyterian Church Memorial Garden in Paradise Valley, Arizona.^[10]

Awards and honors[]

Evans was presented with the NASA Distinguished Service Medal in 1973, the Johnson Space Center Superior Achievement Award in 1970, the Navy Distinguished Service Medal in 1973, Navy Astronaut Wings, eight Air Medals, the Vietnam Service Medal, and the Navy Commendation Medal with combat distinguishing service in 1966. He received a University of Kansas Distinguished Service Citation in 1973, and was named Kansan of the Year in 1972. He was inducted into the International Space Hall of Fame in 1983,^[4][11] and the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame on October 4, 1997.^[8][12]

See also[]

• List of spaceflight records
• The Astronaut Monument
• Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey, five mice who traveled with Evans in the Apollo 17 command and service module

References[]

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ronald E. Evans.

• Astronautix biography of Ronald Evans
• National Space Society: Ad Astra magazine
• Evans at Encyclopedia of Science
• Ronald Evans at IMDb
• Ronald Evans at the Kansas Historical Society