Russophilia
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Russophilia (literally love of Russia or Russians) is admiration and fondness of Russia (including the era of the Soviet Union and/or the Russian Empire), Russian history and Russian culture. The antonym and opposite of Russophilia is Russophobia.
Russophilia in Europe[]
American author Robert Alexander wrote: "I love Russians for their dramatic, emotional nature. They're not afraid to love, not afraid to get hurt, not afraid to exaggerate or act impulsively."[1]
In October 2004, the International Gallup Organization announced the results of its poll, according to which approximately 20% of the residents of Western Europe viewed Russia positively, with the most positive view coming from Iceland, Germany, Greece, and Britain. The percentage of respondents expressing a positive attitude towards Russia was 9% in Finland, Turkey, and Japan, 38% in Lithuania, 36% in Latvia, and 34% in Estonia.[citation needed] Estonia and especially Latvia have a large number of ethnic Russians, which likely affected the result.
Russophilia in Serbia[]
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Russia is hugely popular in Serbia, and Serbs have always traditionally seen Russia as a close ally due to shared Slavic heritage and culture, and Orthodox faith.[2] In Serbia and Montenegro, whose nations are both predominately Eastern Orthodox, the faith expressed by a vast majority of Russians, there was no Soviet influence and Russians were always seen as friendly brotherly people.[citation needed] About 83% of Serbs see Russia as their first ally on the international scene.[citation needed] In both Serbia and Montenegro, there are neighbourhoods, streets, buildings and statues named after something Russian.[citation needed] In Serbia there is the Russian Centre of Science and Culture and a Hotel Moskva.
Russian Center of Science and Culture (Belgrade)
Dmitry Medvedev in National Assembly of Serbia
Russian Orthodox Church in Tašmajdan park, Belgrade
Vladimir Putin at Belgrade's Red Star Stadium in March 2011
Vladimir Putin in front of Cathedral of Saint Sava
Russophilia in Montenegro[]
Montenegro is also an Eastern Orthodox and Slavic country. There is the Moscow Bridge[3] in Podgorica, and a statue of Russian singer and actor Vladimir Vysotsky next to the bridge.
Moscow Bridge, Podgorica
Russophilia in Ukraine[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/2016-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_093.jpg/220px-2016-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_093.jpg)
Following Ukrainian independence in 1991 Ukrainians, mostly in the east and south of the country, voted to a see a more Russophile attitude of the government, ranging from closer economic partnership to full national union.[4] Russia and Ukraine enjoyed especially close economic ties, while the Russophilic political party, the Party of Regions, became the largest party in the Verkhovna Rada in 2006. It would remain a dominant force in Ukrainian politics, until the 2014 Ukrainian Revolution. Following the 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine, the overall attitude of Ukrainians towards Russia and Russians has become much more negative.[5]
Western Ukraine[]
Russophilia (Moscophilia, Ukrainian: москвофільство, moskvofil’stvo) was a linguistic, literary and socio-political movement in the Western Ukrainian territories of Galicia, Transcarpathia, and Northern Bukovina in the 18th – 20th centuries. Proponents of this movement believed in linguistic, cultural, social union with Russian people and later in state union with Russia. Among the causes for the emergence of this phenomenon were the absence of Ukrainian statehood, centuries of foreign oppression, fragmented Ukrainian territories and dispersed population, as well as the defection of national elite to neighbouring cultures and a weak sense of national identity.[citation needed]
Russophile Movement in Transcarpathia[]
The first instances of Russophilia in Transcarpathia date back as far as late 18th early 19th centuries when several famous Russians with ties to the government and the court of the tsar settled there. Such famous scientists and social activists as , , and others lived in Transcarpathia and maintained close ties with the country of their birth and thereby promoted interest towards Russia, especially towards its cultural life, its language and literature.[citation needed]
Russophile movement in Galicia and Bukovina[]
When Galicia and Bukovina were incorporated into the Habsburg Empire in 1772 the Austrian government treated the Ukrainian population of these territories with suspicion as it was afraid it was susceptible to Russian influence due to the closeness of Ukrainian and Russian languages and cultures. This mistrust of the authorities was cultivated by influential Polish politicians and activists in an effort to forestall the growth of national consciousness on territories where Poles traditionally had influence. Any attempt at cultural revival was met with hostility from the Austrian government which regarded them as an influence from Moscow. In spite of this atmosphere of mistrust and suspicion the first educational establishment "The Fellowship of Priests" was founded in Przemyśl. Metropolitan M. Levytsky began to introduce the Ruthenian language in elementary schools, developed grammar books, insisted on instruction in University in Ruthenian and founded "Ruska Troyka" Society. The Lemko-Rusyn Republic, after World War I, attempted to join Lemko territories to Russia, and later to similar areas of the newly formed Czechoslovakia.[citation needed]
Notable Russophiles[]
Jacques Chirac, former president of France[6][7]
Matteo Salvini, Italian politician and leader of Lega Nord[8][9][10]
Duško Vujošević, Montenegrin basketball coach[11]
Miodrag Božović, Montenegrin football coach[12]
Sumire Uesaka, Japanese voice actress and singer[13]
Benjamin Rich, British travel vlogger and youtuber[14]
Egon Krenz, former General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of East Germany[15]
Muammar Gaddafi, Libyan politician and leader of Libya until 2011[16]
Bashar al-Assad, Syrian politician and current President of Syria[17]
Kyriakos Velopoulos, Greek politician and president of Greek Solution, a nationalist and Russophile party[18]
Heraclius II of Georgia, King of Georgia[19]
Fritz Schmenkel – German Communist who deserted to Soviet troops in November 1941 and became a partisan, killed in 22 February 1944
Pro-Russian political parties[]
- Action for Independence
- Alba Party
- Alliance of Independent Social Democrats
- Party of Regions
- Alliance of Patriots of Georgia[20]
- Alternative for Germany[21]
- National Democratic Party of Germany[22]
- Bulgarian Socialist Party[23]
- Attack, Bulgaria
- Cambodian People's Party
- Communist Party of Cuba[24]
- Five Star Movement[25]
- Lega[26][27]
- FRELIMO[28]
- CasaPound Italy[29][30]
- National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy
- New Force[31]
- Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia[32]
- Communist Party of Slovakia[33]
- Communist Party of China
- Estonian Centre Party
- Estonian United Left Party
- Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania – Christian Families Alliance[34]
- Freedom Party of Austria[35]
- Hezbollah
- Jobbik[36]
- Kotleba – People's Party Our Slovakia[37]
- Labour Party (Lithuania)[38]
- Lao People's Revolutionary Party
- Latvian Russian Union[39]
- Moderation and Development Party (Iran)
- Movement for Socialism (Bolivia)
- Movement Republic
- MPLA (Angola)
- National Rally[40]
- Nur Otan
- Parti Communautaire National-Européen
- Turkish Patriotic Party[41]
- Party of Socialists (Moldova)[42]
- Renewal (Transnistria)
- People's Front for Democracy and Justice (Eritrea)
- People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan
- Polish Communist Party
- Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine[43]
- Prosperous Armenia[44]
- Sandinista National Liberation Front
- Serbian Progressive Party[45]
- Serbian Radical Party[46]
- SMER-SD
- Slovak National Party
- Hungarian Workers' Party
- Republican Party of Labour and Justice
- Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus[47]
- Social Democratic Party "Harmony"[48]
- Social Democratic Party (Romania)[49][better source needed]
- Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan
- Confederation Liberty and Independence
- Greek Solution[50]
- Golden Dawn (Greece)[22]
- Syrian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
- Tatmadaw
- United Socialist Party of Venezuela
- United Ossetia
- Uzbekistan Liberal Democratic Party
- Communist Party of Vietnam
- Workers' Party of Korea (until 1991) (Again in the 21st Century)
- ZANU–PF
Historic
- Caps
- Hetmans' Party
- Russian Party (Greece)
- National Congress (Sudan)
- Bulgarian Communist Party
- Romanian Communist Party (Until 1965)
- Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
- Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
- Polish United Workers' Party
- Mongolian People's Party
- Socialist Unity Party of Germany
- People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
- Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League
- People's Revolutionary Party of Benin
- Congolese Party of Labour (Until 1991)
- Workers' Party of Ethiopia
- Indonesian National Party (Until 1965)
- New Jewel Movement
- League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Until 1948)
- Party of Labour of Albania (Until 1961)
- Burma Socialist Programme Party
- Communist Party USA (until 1991)
See also[]
- All-Russian nation
- Eurasian Economic Union
- Eurasianism
- Euroscepticism
- Nostalgia for the Soviet Union
- Putinism
- Russian avos'
- Russian nationalism
- Russification
- Slavophilia
- Union State
References[]
- ^ "Book Group Guide – Rusoff Agency". Rusoffagency.com. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
- ^ "Зашто је Путин толико популаран у Србији? – Центар за развој међународне сарадње". crms.org.rs. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
- ^ "Moscow bridge in Podgorica". Androidvodic.com. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
- ^ Rapawy, Stephen (1997). Ethnic Reidentification in Ukraine (page 17) (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
- ^ How Ukraine views Russia and the West, Brookings Institution (18 October 2017)
- ^ "Jacques Chirac, son tropisme russe et son ami Boris Eltsine". francetvinfo. 26 September 2019.
- ^ "Jacques Chirac, le plus russe des présidents français". Le Courrier de Russie. 26 September 2019.
- ^ "Far-right's hopes of powerful EU alliance dashed by Farage". Independent.ie. 6 June 2019.
- ^ "How Italy's new — and old — prime minister ditched the right wing". Washington Post. 30 September 2019.
In 2018, Conte was prime minister in a government composed of Matteo Salvini's populist, pro-Russian, anti-European Union, anti-immigrant League party and Luigi Di Maio's big-spending Five Star Movement.
- ^ "Salvini invokes God and Russia on Poland trip". EUobserver. 10 January 2019.
- ^ Smuđa, Stefan (15 January 2016). "RUSOFIL VUJOŠEVIĆ: Kačket menjam, ali ostajem isti! - Košarka, Vesti, The Best Of". Retrieved 7 September 2019.
- ^ "Ja sam rusofil! Rusija je moja druga zemlja!". Kurir.rs.
- ^ "Sophians Talk -Japan and the World (Sumire Uesaka) : SOPHIA ONLINE : YOMIURI ONLINE". yab.yomiuri.co.jp. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
- ^ "Talking Russia w/ Bald and Bankrupt". NFKRZ w/ Bald and Bankrupt. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ^ "Berlin Wall anniversary: The 'worst night of my life'". BBC News.
- ^ Fasanotti, Federica Saini (1 September 2016). "Russia and Libya: A brief history of an on-again-off-again friendship".
- ^ Lynch, Colum. "Why Putin Is So Committed to Keeping Assad in Power".
- ^ "Έρχεται το νέο "ρωσικό κόμμα" με το όνομα "Ελληνική Λύση", αναφέρει το γερμανικό Stern". 4 November 2016.
- ^ "1798: Heraclius II – The Last Great Georgian King". 10 January 2020.
- ^ "Pro-Russian Alliance of Patriots Demand More Seats in Parliament". Georgia Today on the Web. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
- ^ "Whither the Alternative for Germany?". Intersectionproject.eu. 12 October 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "National Democratic Party of Germany". Counter Extremism Project.
- ^ Sofia, Agence France-Presse in (26 March 2017). "Borisov's pro-EU party beats Socialists in Bulgaria's snap election". the Guardian. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
- ^ https://www.plenglish.com/index.php?o=rn&id=55507&SEO=diaz-canel-and-putin-praise-60-years-of-cuba-russia-relations. Missing or empty
|title=
(help) - ^ "Putin's friends in Europe". European Council on Foreign Relations. 19 October 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
- ^ "L'accordo tra la Lega Nord e il partito di Putin". il Post. 7 March 2017.
- ^ Matteo Carnieletto; Elena Barlozzari (13 July 2017). "Ecco l'accordo tra Lega Nord e Russia Unita". il Giornale.
- ^ Insurgency in Cabo Delgado
- ^ "CasaPound, l'orgoglio di Di Stefano: "Siamo fascisti, ammiro Putin"". Libero. 16 November 2017.
- ^ Leonardo Bianchi (2 March 2015). "Ho passato un pomeriggio con la Lega Nord e CasaPound a Roma". Vice.
- ^ https://www.lettera43.it/forza-nuova-roberto-fiore-e-i-rapporti-con-putin/
- ^ "Czech centre-left party approves joining coalition, new government close". Channelnewsasia.com. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
- ^ "Rusko – komunisti - svet". Retrieved 7 September 2019.
- ^ "Stirring the pot". The Economist. 3 March 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
- ^ "Austrian far right signs deal with Putin's party, touts Trump ties". Reuters. 19 December 2016. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ^ "Putin's friends in Europe". ECFR. 19 October 2016.
- ^ "NAKA preverovala Kotlebu kvôli peniazom z Ruska". Aktuality.sk. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
- ^ "New pro-Russia party stumbles in Lithuanian elections – Lewiston Sun Journal". Sunjournal.com. 25 October 2004. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
- ^ Schulze, Jennie L. (2018). Strategic Frames: Europe, Russia, and Minority Inclusion in Estonia and Latvia. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. ISBN 978-0-82296-511-4.
In 2014, the party changed its name to the Latvian Russian Union, and adopted a pro-Russia stance by signing a cooperation agreement with the pro-Russia regional party Russian Unity in Crimea in order to “strengthen the unity of the Russian World.”
- ^ Foer, Franklin. "It's Putin's World". The Atlantic. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ^ @DFRLab (23 November 2017). "#LetsLeaveNATO trends in Turkey". Medium. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
- ^ Moldova election: Pro-EU parties edge pro-Russian rivals BBC News 1 December 2014
- ^ "Прогрессивная социалистическая партия Украины присоединилась к". Regnum.ru. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 10 June 2007. Retrieved 9 August 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "SNS-suppported gathering planned for Putin visit to Serbia". rs.n1info.com. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
- ^ "Ultranationalism and Russia colour Serbia's election". Irishtimes.com. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
- ^ "Belarus tries to follow in Moscow's steps and team up with the European far right". 26 June 2018.
- ^ "Pro-Russia party wins Latvia election". Bbc.com. 8 October 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
- ^ Venter, Bianca (14 March 2019). "Putiniștii din PSD. Cei doi europarlamentari care au votat pro-Rusia în Parlamentul European". www.podul.ro. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
- ^ "After defeat, Greek PM calls for snap elections | Kathimerini". www.ekathimerini.com.
- Orest Subtelny. Ukraine. A history. University of Toronto Press. 1994. ISBN 0-8020-0591-8.
External links[]
Media related to Russophiles at Wikimedia Commons
- Russophilia
- Russian culture
- Foreign relations of Russia
- Admiration of foreign cultures