Saharanpur

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This article is about the municipality (municipal corporation) in Uttar Pradesh, India. For its namesake district, see Saharanpur district.

Saharanpur
City
Shakumbhri Devi; Mazahir Uloom, Saharanpur; and Saharanpur Junction railway station
Saharanpur is located in Uttar Pradesh
Saharanpur
Saharanpur
Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
Coordinates: 29°57′50″N 77°32′46″E / 29.964°N 77.546°E / 29.964; 77.546Coordinates: 29°57′50″N 77°32′46″E / 29.964°N 77.546°E / 29.964; 77.546
Country India
StateUttar Pradesh
DistrictSaharanpur
Government
 • MPHaji Fazlur Rehman
 • MayorSanjeev Walia
Population
 (2011)
 • Total705,478
Languages
 • OfficialHindi, Urdu
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
247001/02
Telephone code0132
Vehicle registrationUP-11
Sex ratio1000/898 ♂/♀
Websitesaharanpur.nic.in

Saharanpur is a city and a municipal corporation in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is also the administrative headquarters of Saharanpur district.

Saharanpur city's name was given after the Saint Shah Haroon Chishti.[1] A very famous temple of "Shakumbhri Devi" is situated in Saharanpur. Lakhs of pilgrims visits the temple during navratras. Some peoples says that it was founded by Sah Ranbir singh, a nobleman,[2] who laid the foundations of the present-day city on the site of an army cantonment.

Saharanpur is declared as one amongst the 100 Smart Cities by MOUD as a part of Smart Cities Mission of the Government of India.

History[]

See also: Saharanpur division and History of Uttar Pradesh

Maratha rule (1757–1803 AD)[]

In 1757, the Maratha Army invaded the Saharanpur region, which resulted in Najeeb-ud-Daula losing control of Saharanpur to the Maratha rulers Raghunath Rao and Malharao Holkar. The conflict between Rohillas and Marathas came to an end on 18 December 1788 with the arrest of Ghulam Qadir, the grandson of Najeeb-ud-Daula, who was defeated by the Maratha general Mahadaji Scindia. The most significant contribution of Nawab Ghulam Qadir to Saharanpur city is the Nawab Ganj area and the Ahmedabadi fortress therein, which still stands. The death of Ghulam Qadir put an end to the Rohilla administration in Saharanpur and it became the northernmost district of the Maratha Empire. Ghani Bahadur Banda was appointed its first Maratha governor. The Maratha Regime saw the construction of the Bhuteshwar Temple and Bagheshwar Temple in Saharanpur city. In 1803, following the Second Anglo-Maratha War, when British East India Company defeated the Maratha Empire, Saharanpur came under British suzerainty.

British colonial period (1803–1947 AD)[]

When India rebelled in 1857 against the foreign Company's occupation, now referred to as the First War of Indian Independence, the Saharanpur and the present-day Muzaffarnagar Districts were part of that uprising. The centre of freedom fighters' operations was Shamli, a small town in the Muzaffarnagar region which was liberated for some time. After the uprising failed, British retribution was severe. Death and destruction were particularly directed against Muslims of the region, whom the British considered as the main instigators of the rebellion; Muslim society was devastated beyond recognition. When social reconstruction started, the cultural and political history of Muslims began to revolve around Deoband and Aligarh. Maulana Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi and Maulana Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, both proponents of the reformer Shah Waliullah's ideology for social and political rejuvenation, established a school in Deoband in 1867. It found popularity and global recognition as the Darul Uloom. Its founders' mission was twofold: to raise and spread a team of scholars able to awaken the religious and social consciousness of Muslims through peaceful methods and to make efforts, through them, to educate Muslims in their faith and culture; and to bring about a feeling of nationalism and national unity by promoting the concept of Hindu-Muslim unity and a united India. Muslim scholars in the city of Saharanpur were active supporters of this ideology and went on to establish the Mazahirul Uloom Saharanpur theological seminary six months later.

Geography and climate[]

Saharanpur is located at

 WikiMiniAtlas
29°58′N 77°33′E / 29.97°N 77.55°E / 29.97; 77.55, about 140 kilometres (87 mi) south-southeast of Chandigarh, 170 kilometres (110 mi) north-northeast of Delhi, 65 kilometres (40 mi) north-northeast of Shamli and about 61 kilometres (38 mi) south-west of Dehradun. It has an average elevation of 269 metres (883 ft). Saharanpur is a part of a geographical doab region. Saharanpur district join four states together Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Haryana.

hideClimate data for Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 20
(68) 		22
(72) 		28
(82) 		35
(95) 		38
(100) 		37
(99) 		33
(91) 		32
(90) 		32
(90) 		31
(88) 		26
(79) 		21
(70) 		30
(86)
Daily mean °C (°F) 13
(55) 		15
(59) 		20
(68) 		26
(79) 		30
(86) 		37
(99) 		29
(84) 		28
(82) 		27
(81) 		23
(73) 		18
(64) 		13
(55) 		23
(73)
Average low °C (°F) 6
(43) 		8
(46) 		12
(54) 		18
(64) 		23
(73) 		26
(79) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		22
(72) 		16
(61) 		10
(50) 		6
(43) 		16
(61)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 30
(1.2) 		40
(1.6) 		20
(0.8) 		10
(0.4) 		10
(0.4) 		70
(2.8) 		240
(9.4) 		200
(7.9) 		120
(4.7) 		20
(0.8) 		0
(0) 		10
(0.4) 		830
(32.7)
Average precipitation days 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.4 2.8 7.5 7.6 2.7 1.0 0.6 0.9 30.3
Source: Weatherbase[3]

Demographics[]

Barbers in Saharanpur, a painting by Edwin Lord Weeks (1849–1903)
hideHistorical population 
CensusPopulation %±
190166,254
—
191162,850−5.1%
192162,261−0.9%
193178,66526.3%
1941105,62234.3%
1951148,43540.5%
1961185,21324.8%
1971225,39621.7%
1981295,35531.0%
1991374,94526.9%
2001455,75421.6%
2011705,47854.8%
Source[4]:470–471

According to the 2011 Indian census, Saharanpur had a population of 705,478, 12.5% of whom were under the age of six, living in 129,856 households within the municipal corporation limits.[5]:26–27 The city is spread over an area of 46.74 km2 (18.05 sq mi) and with a population density of 15,093.67/km2 (39,092.4/sq mi), is the eleventh most populous city in Uttar Pradesh.[6] Saharanpur had a population of 455,754 in 2001 and 374,945 in 1991.[4]

Males constitute of 52.7% of the total population while females constitute of 47.3% of the total population and thus, the city has a sex ratio of 891 females for every 1,000 males. The city has an average literacy rate of 76.32%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes account for 14.2% and 0.1% of the population respectively.[5] There are 233,196 people, constituting about 33% of the total population, who live in slums in the city.[4]

Religions in Saharanpur City[7]
Religion Percent
Hindus
 
 50.92%
Muslims
 
 45.89%
Sikhs
 
 1.23%
Jains
 
 1.03%
Others
 
 0.45%

Roughly half of the city's population are Hindus, who form a slight majority, while Muslims constitute about forty five percent of the total population. Sikhs and Jains are also present in smaller numbers.[7]

The most widely spoken language in Saharanpur is Hindi, which alongwith Urdu is the official language of Uttar Pradesh.[8] There are significant numbers of Urdu and Punjabi speakers, while Haryanvi is also spoken by some people.[9] The standard dialect of Hindi spoken is the Khari Boli dialect.[10]

Government and politics[]

Saharanpur city is governed by Saharanpur Municipal Corporation, erstwhile Municipal Council.[11] The city is divided into 4 zones and 70 wards,[12] represented by 70 councillors who were elected by municipal or local elections in 2017 for a five-year term.[13] The head of the administrative wing is the Municipal Commissioner, currently Gyanendra Singh[14] while the head of the elected wing is the Mayor Sanjeev Walia from the BJP.[15][16]

The city is also part of the Saharanpur Lok Sabha constituency, which elected Haji Fazlur Rehman from the Bahujan Samaj Party in 2019 as the Member of Parliament,[17][18] and part of the Saharanpur Assembly constituency that elected Masood Akhtar from the Indian National Congress in 2017 as the MLA.[19][20]

Civic utilities[]

There is only one sewage treatment plant located in Saharanpur,[21] while most of the waste water is discharged into the Hindon river, further polluting it.[22]

Culture[]

Places of interest[]

The Saharanpur Botanical Gardens, known as the Company Garden and once the preserve of British East India Company, is one of the oldest existing gardens in India, dating to before 1750. Then named Farahat-Bakhsh, it was originally a pleasure ground set out by a local chief, Intazam ud-ullah. In 1817, it was acquired by the British East India Company[23] and placed under the authority of the District Surgeon. Joseph Dalton Hooker says of this Botanical Garden that "Amongst its greatest triumphs may be considered the introduction of the tea-plant from China, a fact I allude to, as many of my English readers may not be aware that the establishment of the tea-trade in the Himalaya and Assam is almost entirely the work of the superintendents of the gardens of Calcutta and Seharunpore."[24]

In 1887, when the Botanical Survey of India was set up to reform the country's botanical sciences, Saharanpur became the centre for the survey of the northern Indian flora. The Garden is seen historically as being second only to the Calcutta Gardens for its contribution to science and economy in India. Under private auspices today, it is full of greenery and has many different kinds of plants and flowers.[25]

Transport[]

A train passing through Saharanpur Railway Station

Two major National Highways pass through Saharanpur — NH 709B and NH 344. The NH 709B originates in Saharanpur and connects it to Delhi via Shamli and Baghpat,[26] while the NH 344 connects Saharanpur with Ambala, Yamunanagar and Roorkee.[27] Uttar Pradesh State Highway 57, commonly known as Delhi-Yamunotri highway, also passes through the city.[28] The Delhi–Saharanpur–Dehradun Expressway has also been proposed, which will be ready by March 2024.[29][30]

Saharanpur Junction is the primary railway station serving the city. The station is under the administrative control of Ambala railway division of the Northern Railways,[31] and is located at the junction of Moradabad–Ambala line, Delhi–Meerut–Saharanpur line and the Delhi–Shamli–Saharanpur line. Saharanpur was connected with rail lines when the Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway completed the 483-kilometre-long (300 mi) Amritsar–Ambala–Saharanpur–Ghaziabad line in 1870 connecting Multan (now in Pakistan) with Delhi.[32] Another line connecting Saharanpur with Moradabad was completed in 1886.[33][34]

The Shahdara–Saharanpur light railway connecting Shahdara in Delhi with Saharanpur was opened to traffic in 1907. The railway was built in 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge and total length was 94.24 miles (151.66 km).[35][36][37] However, due to increasing losses, the railway was closed in 1970. It was later converted to 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge and was repopened in the late 1970s.[36][37][38] Saharanpur falls on the route of the proposed 1,839-kilometre (1,143 mi) Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor project.[39]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ https://saharanpur.nic.in/history/
  2. ^ Desk, India TV News (16 November 2012). personalities -18629.html "India's Agrawal community: Its history and prominent personalities" Check |url= value (help). Indiatvnews.com. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  3. ^ "Saharanpur, India Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c District Census Handbook Saharanpur Part-A (PDF). Lucknow: Directorate of Census Operations, Uttar Pradesh.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b District Census Handbook Saharanpur Part-B (PDF). Lucknow: Directorate of Census Operations, Uttar Pradesh.
  6. ^ "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b "Saharanpur Religion Census 2011". Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India.
  8. ^ "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  9. ^ 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue
  10. ^ Syed Abdul Latif (1958), An Outline of the cultural history of India, Oriental Books, 1979, ... Khari Boli is spoken as mother-tongue in the following areas: (1) East of the Ganges, in the districts of Rampur, Bijnor and Moradabad,Bareilly, (2) between the Ganges and the Jamuna, in the districts of Meerut, Muzaffar Nagar, Azamgarh, Varanasi, May, Saharanpur and in the plain district of Dehradun, and (3) West of the Jamuna, in the urban areas of Delhi and Karnal and the eastern part of Ambala district ...
  11. ^ "Municipalities | District Saharanpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India". Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  12. ^ "Ward Map". Saharanpur Nagar Nigam. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  13. ^ Desk, India com News (2 December 2017). "Saharanpur Municipal Corporation Election 2017 Results Winners' List". India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News | India.com. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  14. ^ "UP's unique ATMs installed to sensitize hands and discharge Masks for only ₹5, initiative receives praises". The Youth. 10 September 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  15. ^ "Sanjeev Walia(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SAHARANPUR(SAHARANPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate". myneta.info. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  16. ^ "Saharanpur Mayor Election Result 2017: BJP's Sanjeev Walia wins by 1200 votes". The Financial Express. 1 December 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  17. ^ "BSP announces first list of candidates, banks on Gujjar-Jat-Muslim support". Hindustan Times. 22 March 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  18. ^ "Members : Lok Sabha". loksabhaph.nic.in. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  19. ^ "Saharanpur Election Results 2017: Masood Akhtar of Congress Wins". News18. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  20. ^ "Masood Akhtar(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- SAHARANPUR(SAHARANPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate". myneta.info. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  21. ^ "Untapped drains, under-used STPs continue to pollute Hindon, Yamuna rivers". Hindustan Times. 16 August 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  22. ^ "New plan on the anvil to restore polluted stretches of Hindon river". Hindustan Times. 16 August 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  23. ^ Sharad Singh Negi, Biodiversity and its conservation in India 2nd revised ed. New Delhi, Indus Publishing (2008) ISBN 978-81-7387-211-2
  24. ^ "Joseph Dalton Hooker, Himalayan Journals, or Notes of a Naturalist ..., Kew (1854), vol. I, p. 5.
  25. ^ Saharanpur Botanic Garden
  26. ^ "New National Highway 709B notification - GOI" (PDF). The Gazette of India. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  27. ^ "Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of Indian National Highways" (PDF). Department of Road Transport and Highways. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  28. ^ "Complete Road_Detail's_SH" (PDF). Public Works Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  29. ^ goyal, raghav (25 February 2020). "Centre Gives In-Principle Approval For Dehradun-Delhi Expressway". TheQuint. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  30. ^ K. Dash, Dipak. "23 new expressways and highways coming up in next 5 years | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  31. ^ Ambala Division map and history.
  32. ^ "IR History: Early Days II (1870–1899)". Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  33. ^ "Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway". Management Ebooks. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
  34. ^ "IR History – Early Days II (1870–1899)". IRFCA. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
  35. ^ "Shahdara–Saharanpur light railway". fibis. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
  36. ^ Jump up to: a b R. Sivaramakrishnan. "Shahdara–Saharanpur light railway". IRFCA. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
  37. ^ Jump up to: a b "IR History Part V (1970–1995)". IRFCA. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  38. ^ "Speech of Shri Lalit Narayan Mishra introducing the Railway Budget for 1973-74, on 20th February 1973" (PDF). Light Railways. Indian Railways. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  39. ^ Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor Archived 8 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine

External links[]

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