Seoul Subway Line 1

Line 1
Line 1
	Seoul Metro 1000 series EMU in December 2017; (bottom); Korail Class 311000 series EMU in December 2006; (top)
Overview
Native name	1호선（一號線）; Il Hoseon
Status	Operational
Termini	Soyosan; Incheon / Sinchang / Gwangmyeong / Seodongtan
Stations	97; Seoul Metro: 10; Korail: 87
Service
Type	Rapid transit / Commuter Rail
System	Seoul Metropolitan Subway
Operator(s)	Seoul Metro & Korail
History
Opened	August 15, 1974
Technical
Line length	200.6 km (124.6 mi); Seoul Metro: 7.8 km (4.8 mi) ; Korail: 192.8 km (119.8 mi)
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification	1,500 V DC (Hoegi to Namyeong); 25 kV AC 60 at Hz (Soyosan to Hoegi and Namyeong to Incheon / Sinchang / Gwangmyeong / Seodongtan)
Operating speed	110 km/h (68 mph)
Route map
	Legend

Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 1 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway is a rapid transit and commuter rail line which links central Seoul, South Korea to Soyosan Station in the northeast, Incheon in the southwest, and Sinchang via Suwon and Cheonan in the south. The central underground portion of this rail line is the oldest subway section in the Seoul Metropolitan Subway system. Its branches and services cover a large part of the Seoul Capital Area; totaling 200 km (120 mi) in route length.

The underground section between Seoul Station and Cheongnyangni station, which is referred to as Seoul Metro Line 1 (7.8 kilometers [4.8 mi]), is currently operated by Seoul Metro.^[1]^[2] The line first opened in 1974 as the '''Korean National Railroad of Seoul''' with through services to national mainline railways from Seongbuk station (now: Kwangwoon University station) to Incheon and Suwon Stations.^[3] At the time, the 7.8 km underground portion was run by Seoul Metro was called Line 1 and labeled red on maps. On the other hand, the remaining sections of the rail line run by Korail were labeled either blue or gray on maps, and the express lines were red. In 2000, the adjacent through-running Korail services from the Gyeongbu, Gyeongin and Gyeongwon Lines were officially bundled together as part of a greater Line 1, and the labeling on maps was changed to the current dark blue color.

Frequent service is provided between Soyosan, Dongducheon, Uijeongbu, Cheongnyangni, Seoul, Yongsan, and Guro, where trains split between Incheon in the west and Byeongjeom and Cheonan in the south. Express trains operate from Yongsan and Seoul stations to Dongincheon and Sinchang stations. Trains run every 3-6 min in the central route between Seoul Station and Cheongnyangni, every 6-9 min between Seoul and Guro, every 8-10 min between Guro and Incheon and between Guro and Byeongjeom, every 10-15 min from Byeongjeom to Cheonan, and every 35 min between Cheonan and Sinchang and service up to the Dongducheon area and Soyosan station

Trains travel along Gyeongbu (Seoul-Cheonan), Gyeongin (Guro-Incheon), Janghang (Cheonan-Sinchang), and Gyeongwon (Hoegi-Soyosan) railway lines. The line runs on the left-hand side of the track, as opposed to the right-hand side of the track like all other Seoul Metropolitan Subway lines (another exception to this is Seoul Subway Line 4 although it runs on the right-hand side until Namtaeryeong station, and operates on the left-hand side for the parts afterwards)^[4] since railways in Korea generally run on the left side.

Rapid (Express) trains[]

Korail operates a variety of express "rapid" (급행, 急行) trains for long distance commuter services on Line 1. These services include:

Gyeongin line express services from Yongsan to Dongincheon, operating express between Guro and Dongincheon, including:
- Regular express services, introduced on January 29, 1999, following quadruple-tracking of the Gyeongin Line.
- Faster limited express (특급) trains, introduced on July 7, 2017.
Gyeongbu line express services from Cheongnyangni to Cheonan or Sinchang, operating express between Gasan Digital Complex and Cheonan and running local elsewhere.
Green Gyeongbu line express service from Seoul Station to Cheonan or Sinchang, originating at a platform adjacent to Seoul Station, skipping all stations between Seoul Station and Geumcheon-gu Office Station, making intermediate stops at Anyang, Gunpo, Uiwang, and Sungkyunkwan University, and then following the red Gyeongbu line express service pattern south of Suwon. Northbound services (departing from Cheonan/Sinchang and terminating at Seoul Station) stop at Yeongdeungpo station, but southbound services are unable to due to the lack of a raised platform. This service was introduced on September 25, 1982.^[5]
Gyeongwon line express services from Dongducheon (although several trains originate from Soyosan) to Incheon, operating express between Dongducheon and Kwangwoon University and running local between Incheon and Kwangwoon University.

Former express services include:

One late night Gyeongin line express service that originated at Soyosan, made all stops to Guro, then made express stops until Incheon.
Yeongdeungpo-Byeongjeom Gyeongbu line express service, skipping all stations between Yeongdeungpo and Anyang and then following the Yeongsan-Cheonan/Sinchang express service pattern south of Anyang until Byeongjeom. This service was introduced on August 25, 2014 and was discontinued on December 9, 2016.
Two faster Yongsan-Sinchang limited express trains (one in each direction), introduced in 2013. This train only operated on weekends and holidays. It was discontinued on July 1, 2018.

Electric current[]

Seoul Subway Line 1 is powered by 1500 V direct current between Cheongnyangni station and Seoul Station, and by 25000 V alternating current elsewhere. Because of this different manner of offering electric current, there are neutral sections between Cheongnyangni station and Hoegi station, as well as between Seoul Station and Namyeong station.

Cheongnyangni-Hoegi DC-AC Deadsection

Stations[]

Main Lines[]

Local lines:

Soyosan, Dongducheon, or Yangju — Incheon
Kwangwoon University or Cheongnyangni — Cheonan, Sinchang, or Seodongtan
Yeongdeungpo — Gwangmyeong (shuttle)

Express lines:

GW: Gyeongwon Express (Soyosan or Dongducheon - Incheon)
GI: Gyeongin Express (Yongsan – Dongincheon)
GI LE: Gyeongin Limited Express (Yongsan – Dongincheon)
GB A: Gyeongbu Express (Cheongnyangni – Cheonan or Sinchang)
GB B: Gyeongbu Express (Seoul – Cheonan or Sinchang)

※ Only Korail trains are used for express trains.
Key:

●	Stops at the station
｜	Does not stop at the station
○	Limited service

Station Number	Station Name English	Station Name Hangul	Station Name Hanja	GW	GI	GI LE	GB A	GB B	Transfer	Line Name	Distance in km	Total Distance	Location

100	Soyosan	소요산	逍遙山	○	No service	No service	No service	No service	Tonggeun services (Suspended)	Gyeongwon Line	---	0.0	Gyeonggi-do	Dongducheon-si
101	Dongducheon	동두천	東豆川	●					Tonggeun services (Suspended)		2.5	2.5
102	Bosan	보산	保山	｜							1.6	4.1
103	Dongducheon Jungang (Shinhan University Campus 2)	동두천중앙	東豆川中央	●							1.4	5.5
104	Jihaeng	지행	紙杏	●							1.0	6.5
105	Deokjeong (Seojeong College)	덕정	德亭	●							5.6	12.1		Yangju-si
106	Deokgye	덕계	德溪	｜							2.9	15.0
107	Yangju	양주	楊州	●							5.3	20.3
108	Nogyang	녹양	綠揚	｜							1.6	21.9		Uijeongbu-si
109	Ganeung	가능	佳陵	｜							1.3	23.2
110	Uijeongbu	의정부	議政府	●							1.2	24.4
111	Hoeryong	회룡	回龍	●							1.6	26.0
112	Mangwolsa (Shinhan Univ.)	망월사	望月寺	｜							1.4	27.4
113	Dobongsan	도봉산	道峰山	●							2.3	29.7	Seoul	Dobong-gu
114	Dobong	도봉	道峰	｜							1.2	30.9
115	Banghak (Dobong-gu Office)	방학	放鶴	｜							1.3	32.2
116	Chang-dong	창동	倉洞	●							1.7	33.9
117	Nokcheon	녹천	鹿川	｜							1.0	34.9
118	Wolgye (Induk Univ.)	월계	月溪	｜							1.4	36.3		Nowon-gu
119	Kwangwoon Univ.	광운대	光云大	●							1.1	37.4
120	Seokgye	석계	石溪	Makes all stops							1.1	38.5
121	Sinimun (Korea Nat'l Univ. of Arts)	신이문	新里門								1.4	39.9		Dongdaemun-gu
122	Hankuk Univ. of Foreign Studies	외대앞	外大앞								0.8	40.7
123	Hoegi	회기	回基								0.8	41.5
124	Cheongnyangni (Univ. of Seoul)	청량리	淸凉里				Makes all stops		Mugunghwa-ho, ITX-Saemaeul, A-Train, DMZ Train & ITX-Cheongchun services	Seoul Metro Line 1	1.4	42.9
125	Jegidong (Korea Association of Health Promotion)	제기동	祭基洞								1.0	43.9
126	Sinseol-dong	신설동	新設洞						(Seongsu Branch)		0.9	44.8
127	Dongmyo	동묘앞	東廟앞								0.7	45.5		Jongno-gu
128	Dongdaemun	동대문	東大門								0.6	46.1
129	Jongno 5(o)-ga	종로5가	鍾路5街								0.8	46.9
130	Jongno 3(sam)-ga	종로3가	鍾路3街								0.9	47.8
131	Jonggak (Standard Chartered Bank Korea)	종각	鐘閣								0.8	48.6
132	City Hall	시청	市廳								1.0	49.6		Jung-gu
133	Seoul Station	서울역	서울驛					●	(Seoul Station branch) Mugunghwa-ho, ITX-Saemaeul, Nuriro, O-Train, S-Train & DMZ Train services		1.1	50.7		Jung-gu
134	Namyeong	남영	南營					｜		Gyeongbu Line	1.7	52.4		Yongsan-gu
135	Yongsan	용산	龍山		Makes all stops	●		｜	Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho, ITX-Saemaeul, ITX-Cheongchun, Nuriro & G-Train services		1.5	53.9		Yongsan-gu
136	Noryangjin	노량진	鷺梁津			●		｜			2.6	56.5		Dongjak-gu
137	Daebang	대방	大方			｜		｜	Sillim Line (2022)		1.5	58.0		Yeongdeungpo-gu
138	Singil	신길	新吉			｜		｜			0.8	58.8
139	Yeongdeungpo	영등포	永登浦			｜		○	Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho, ITX-Saemaeul, O-Train & Nuriro services (limited service)		1.0	59.8
140	Sindorim	신도림	新道林			●		｜			1.5	61.3		Guro-gu
141	Guro	구로	九老		●	●		｜			1.1	62.4
142	Guil	구일	九一		｜	｜	No service	No service		Gyeongin Line	1.4	63.8
143	Gaebong	개봉	開峰		●	｜					1.0	64.8
144	Oryu-dong	오류동	梧柳洞		｜	｜					1.3	66.1
145	Onsu	온수	溫水		｜	｜					1.9	68.0
146	Yeokgok	역곡	驛谷		●	｜					1.3	69.3	Gyeonggi-do	Bucheon-si
147	Sosa	소사	素砂		｜	｜					1.5	70.8
148	Bucheon	부천	富川		●	●					1.1	71.9
149	Jung-dong	중동	中洞		｜	｜					1.7	73.6
150	Songnae	송내	松內		●	●					1.0	74.6
151	Bugae	부개	富開		｜	｜					1.2	75.8	Incheon	Bupyeong-gu
152	Bupyeong	부평	富平		●	●					1.5	77.3
153	Baegun	백운	白雲		｜	｜					1.7	79.0
154	Dongam	동암	銅岩		●	｜					1.5	80.5
155	Ganseok	간석	間石		｜	｜					1.2	81.7		Michuhol-gu
156	Juan	주안	朱安		●	●					1.2	82.9
157	Dohwa	도화	道禾		｜	｜					1.0	83.9
158	Jemulpo	제물포	濟物浦		●	｜					1.0	84.9
159	Dowon	도원	桃源		｜	｜					1.4	86.3		Jung-gu
160	Dongincheon	동인천	東仁川		●	●					1.2	87.5
161	Incheon	인천	仁川		No service	No service					1.9	89.4

↑ It uses the same track as Line 1 (Gyeongin Line) from Guro Station ↑
141	Guro	구로	九老				●	｜		Gyeongbu Line	1.1	62.4	Seoul	Guro-gu
P142	Gasan Digital Complex	가산디지털단지	加山디지털團地	No service			●	｜			2.4	64.8		Geumcheon-gu
P143	Doksan	독산	禿山				｜	｜			2.0	66.8
P144	Geumcheon-gu Office	금천구청	衿川區廳				○	●			1.2	68.0
P145	Seoksu	석수	石水				｜	｜			2.3	70.3	Gyeonggi-do	Anyang-si
P146	Gwanak	관악	冠岳				｜	｜			1.9	72.2
P147	Anyang	안양	安養				●	●	Mugunghwa-ho (limited service) & Nuriro (limited service)		2.4	74.6
P148	Myeonghak	명학	鳴鶴				｜	｜			2.2	76.8
P149	Geumjeong	금정	衿井				●	｜			1.4	78.2		Gunpo-si
P150	Gunpo	군포	軍浦				｜	●			2.2	80.4
P151	Dangjeong	당정	堂井				｜	｜			1.2	81.6
P152	Uiwang	의왕	義王				○	●			3.0	84.6		Uiwang-si
P153	Sungkyunkwan Univ.	성균관대	成均館大				●	●			2.9	87.5		Suwon-si
P154	Hwaseo	화서	華西				｜	｜			2.6	90.1
P155	Suwon	수원	水原				●	●	Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho, ITX-Saemaeul, Nuriro, O-Train, G-Train, & S-Train services (limited service)		2.1	92.2
P156	Seryu	세류	細柳				｜	｜			2.9	95.1
P157	Byeongjeom	병점	餅店				●	●			4.3	99.4		Hwaseong-si
P158	Sema	세마	洗馬				｜	｜			2.4	101.8		Osan-si
P159	Osan College	오산대	烏山大				｜	｜			2.7	104.5
P160	Osan	오산	烏山				●	●	Mugunghwa-ho (limited service)		2.7	107.2
P161	Jinwi	진위	振威				｜	｜			4.0	111.2		Pyeongtaek-si
P162	Songtan	송탄	松炭				｜	｜			3.8	115.0
P163	Seojeong-ri	서정리	西井里				●	●	Mugunghwa-ho (limited service)		2.2	117.2
P164	PyeontaekJije	지제	芝制				｜	｜			4.8	122.0
P165	Pyeongtaek	평택	平澤				●	●	Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho (limited service), ITX-Saemaeul (limited service) & Nuriro services		3.7	125.7
P166	Seonghwan	성환	成歡				●	●	Mugunghwa-ho (limited service) & Nuriro (limited service)		9.4	135.1	Chungcheong nam-do	Cheonan-si
P167	Jiksan	직산	稷山				｜	｜			5.4	140.5
P168	Dujeong	두정	斗井				●	●			3.8	144.3
P169	Cheonan	천안	天安				●	●	Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho, ITX-Saemaeul, Nuriro, S-Train & O-Train services		3.0	147.3
P170	Bongmyeong	봉명	鳳鳴				Makes all stops (limited service)	Makes all stops (limited service)		Janghang Line	1.3	148.6
P171	Ssangyong	쌍용	雙龍								1.6	150.2
P172	Asan	아산	牙山						Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho, Nuriro & G-Train (at Cheonan-Asan Station)		1.6	151.8		Asan-si
P173	Tangjeong	탕정	湯井								1.8	153.6
P174	Baebang	배방	排芳								3.1	156.7
P175	(2025)	풍기	豊基
P176	Onyangoncheon	온양온천	溫陽溫泉						Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho, Nuriro, & G-Train services		4.9	161.6
P177	Sinchang	신창	新昌						Nuriro services		5.1	166.7

Yeongdeungpo – Gwangmyeong shuttle service[]

Station Number	Station Name English	Station Name Hangul	Station Name Hanja	Transfer	Line Name	Distance in km	Total Distance	Location

P144	Geumcheon-gu Office	금천구청	衿川區廳	(Main Lines)	Gyeongbu high-speed railway	1.2	68.0	Seoul	Geumcheon-gu
P144-1	Gwangmyeong	광명	光明		Gyeongbu high-speed railway	4.7	72.7	Gyeonggi-do	Gwangmyeong-si

Byeongjeom Depot spur service[]

Station Number	Station Name English	Station Name Hangul	Station Name Hanja	Transfer	Distance in km	Total Distance	Location

P157	Byeongjeom	병��	餅店		4.3	99.4	Gyeonggi-do	Hwaseong-si
P157-1	Seodongtan	서동탄	西東灘		2.2	101.6	Gyeonggi-do	Osan-si

Historical Timeline[]

Seoul Subway map in the early 1980s, which shows the Korail-managed portions of Line 1 in blue and its underground portion as red.

1974

August 15: Line 1 is officially opened with 9 stations from Seoul to Cheongnyangni (7.8 kilometers (4.8 mi)),^[1] creating a system of 28 stations (excluding the 9 metro stations) on national railroads from Seongbuk station (now: Kwangwoon University station, the then-northern terminus) to Incheon Station and Suwon Station. Korail is named Korean National Railroad, with Line 1 just referring to the Seoul–Cheongnyangni section.

1978

December 9: The Gyeongwon Line from Yongsan to Seongbuk opens as a new branch, with Ichon and Seongsu (now part of the Jungang Line).

1979

February 1: Yuljeon Station is opened.

1980

January 5: Sinimun Station is opened.

April 1: Seobinggo, Hannam and Hoegi (now part of the Jungang Line) are opened.

July 10: Seongsu is renamed Eungbong Station

1982

August 2: Seoksu Station is opened.

1984

January 1: Yuljeon Station is renamed Seongdae-ap Station.

May 22: Sindorim Station is opened.

November 20: Baegun Station is opened.

1985

January 14: Seokgye Station is opened.

April 20: Chang-dong is opened as a northward extension.

August 22: Wolgye and Nokcheon are opened.

October 18: Oksu Station (now part of the Jungang Line) is opened.

1986

September 2: 6 stations from Uijeongbu to Chang-dong are opened as a northward extension.

1987

October 5: Uijeongbu Bukbu Station is opened.

December 31: Jung-dong Station is opened.

1988

January 16: Onsu Station is opened.

October 25: The Ansan Line is opened as a southward branch, from Geumjeong Station to Ansan Station.

1994

July 11: Ganseok and Dowon are opened.

December 1: Seongdae-ap Station is renamed to Sungkyunkwan University.

1995

February 16: Guil Station is opened.

1996

January 1: Hwigyeong Station is renamed to Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Station

March 28: Bugae Station is opened.

1997

April 30: Sosa Station is opened.

1998

January 7: Singil and Doksan are opened.

2000

Korea National Railroad and Line 1 are integrated as Seoul (Metropolitan) Subway Line 1.

2001

November 30: Dohwa Station is opened.

2003

April 30: Seryu and Byeongjeom are opened as a southward extension. The Ansan Line service is replaced with an extended Seoul Subway Line 4.

2004

August 25: Bugok Station is renamed Uiwang Station.

2005

January 20: 8 stations from Byeongjeom to Cheonan are opened as another southward extension.

December 16: The Gyeongwon Line branch from Yongsan Station to Hoegi Station and the Jungang Line from Hoegi Station to Deokso Station open and are renamed to the separate Yongsan-Deokso Line. This service was the predecessor to the current Jungang Line.

December 21: Dongmyo Station is opened.

December 27: Sema and Osan College Stations are opened.

2006

June 30: Jinwi and Jije Stations are opened.

July 1: Garibong Station is renamed to Gasan Digital Complex.

December 15: 8 stations from Soyosan to Uijeongbu Bukbu are opened as a northward extension. A spur line to Gwangmyeong Station is created. Uijeongbu Bukbu Station is renamed to Ganeung.

2007

December 28: Deokgye Station is opened.

2008

December: 6 stations from Cheonan to Sinchang are opened as another southward extension. Siheung Station is renamed to Geumcheon-gu Office.

2010

January 21: Dangjeong Station is opened.

February 26: Seodongtan Station is opened.

2015

February 3: Gyeongin Line express trains start stopping at Gaebong and Jemulpo stations.

2017

July 6: A new limited express service was launched between Yongsan and Dongincheon stations.

2019

December 30: All Gyeongbu Line express trains start stopping at Geumjeong and Sungkyunkwan University stations and are extended to Cheongnyangni. Gyeongbu Line express trains no longer stop at Gunpo station.

2021

August Tangjeong station will be opened.

Future Plans[]

Line 1 will be extended northward from Soyosan Station to Yeoncheon Station on the Gyeongwon Line, replacing the current "'Tonggeun" service operating there. Construction on this extension began in September 2014 and is expected to be completed in November 2021.

Rolling stock[]

Current[]

Seoul Metro 1000 series
- Rheostat-controlled electric car (rebuilt cars) – since 1989
- VVVF inverter-controlled electric car – since 1999
Korail Class 311000
- First generation – since 1996
- Second generation – since 2003
- Third generation – since 2005
- Fourth generation – since 2019 (Korail Class 312000)
Korail Class 319000 (for Gwangmyeong Shuttle) – since 2006

Seoul Metro 1000 series rheostat-controlled EMU (rebuilt cars)
Seoul Metro 1000 series VVVF inverter-controlled EMU
Korail Class 311000 (First generation)
Korail Class 311000 (Second generation)
Korail Class 311000 (Third generation)
Korail Class 312000 (Fourth generation)
Korail Class 319000

Former[]

Seoul Metro 1000 series
- Rheostat-controlled electric car (1st batch) – 1974-2002
Korail Class 1000
- First generation – 1974-2004 (some non-driving cars lasted until 2014)
- Second generation – 1986-2017 (some non-driving cars lasted until 2019)
- Third generation – 1994-2020

Preserved Korail Class 1000 (1st batch car)
Korail Class 1000 (2nd batch)
Korail Class 1000 (3rd batch)
Seoul Metro 1000 series (1st batch car) on Gyeongbu Line, October 1988

Depots and facilities[]

(from north to south)

Majeon signal box between Deokye and Yangju Stations
Chang-dong Depot (shared with Line 4)
Seongbuk Depot
Imun Depot
Guro Depot
Siheung Depot (actually after Oido Station on Line 4, also used for heavy maintenance of Line 1 trains owned by Korail, accessed by a crossover located after Geumjeong Station)
Byeongjeom Depot

References[]

^ ^a ^b ^c 지하철건설현황 [Status of Subway Construction] (in Korean). Seoul City Government. Retrieved 2014-02-22.
^ "서울교통공사 블로그 : 네이버 블로그". blog.naver.com. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
^ "Seoul's first subway line opened in 1974". Korea Times. 2011-02-13. Retrieved 2014-07-25.
^ (in Korean) <오후여담>좌측통행, Munhwailbo
^ "20일부터 하루3회 서울驛(역)~水原(수원) 직통電鐵(전철)운행".

External links[]

[Seoul-Subway-stats-1] 지하철건설현황 [Status of Subway Construction] (in Korean). Seoul City Government. Retrieved 2014-02-22.

[2] "서울교통공사 블로그 : 네이버 블로그". blog.naver.com. Retrieved 2021-05-31.

[3] "Seoul's first subway line opened in 1974". Korea Times. 2011-02-13. Retrieved 2014-07-25.

[4] (in Korean) <오후여담>좌측통행, Munhwailbo

[5] "20일부터 하루3회 서울驛(역)~水原(수원) 직통電鐵(전철)운행".

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