Sind Province (1936–55)

Sind
Province of British India (1936–47) Province of the Dominion of Pakistan (1947–55)
1936–1955
Flag
Sind, highlighted in red on the map
Capital	Karachi (1936-1947) Hyderabad, Sindh (1947-1955)
Area
•	123,080 km2 (47,520 sq mi)
History
History
• Renaming of Sind Division	1 April 1936
• Province of Pakistan	14 August 1947
• Disestablished	14 October 1955
Preceded by Succeeded by Bombay Presidency Federal Capital Territory (Pakistan) West Pakistan

This article is part of the series
Former administrative units of Pakistan
Original provinces Baluchistan East Bengal Federal Capital Territory Federally Administered Tribal Areas North-West Frontier Province Sind West Punjab
Princely states Amb Bahawalpur Chitral Dir Hunza Kalat Khairpur Kharan Las Bela Makran Nagar Phulra Swat
One-unit provinces East Pakistan West Pakistan
Other subdivisions Gilgit Agency Trans-Karakoram Tract
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Sind (sometimes called Scinde) was a province of British India from 1936 to 1947 and Pakistan from 1947 to 1955. Under the British, it encompassed the current territorial limits excluding the princely state of Khairpur. Its capital was Karachi. After Pakistan's creation, the province lost the city of Karachi, as it became the capital of the newly created country.

Location[]

The province was bordered by Karachi (within The Federal Capital Territory after 1948) and the princely states of Las Bela and Kalat on the west. To the north were the provinces of Baluchistan and West Punjab. The province bordered the princely state of Bahawalpur on the northeast and it enclosed on three sides the princely state of Khairpur. The Indian states of Rajasthan and Gujarat bordered to the east and south. On the southwest lay the Arabian Sea, with the Sind's coastline consisting entirely of river deltas, including the Indus River Delta up to Sind's border with the city of Karachi, now the capital of modern Sindh.

History[]

Sindh was first settled by the Indus Valley Civilization and Mohenjo-daro, as early as 1750 BC. It had Greek influence during its history after the expansion of the Macedonian Empire, and developed trade with surrounding regions. Several and Rajput kingdoms were set up there, beginning with the Rai Dynasty and ending with the Arghun dynasty. The Mughal Empire conquered Sindh under the rule of Akbar in 1591A.D. Soon after the coming of European companies, namely the British East Indian Company, the Mughal hold on the area loosened, and Sindh became part of the Bombay Presidency in 1843. Soon, it became the Sind Province.

1947–1955[]

The independence and passage of the resolution joining Pakistan in the Sindh Assembly, Sindh becoming part of Pakistan in 1947. The province was merged into the province of West Pakistan in 1955 under the One Unit policy announced by Prime Minister Chaudhry Mohammad Ali.

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Demographics[]

By the time of independence in 1947 Sindh had a Muslim majority for centuries but there were significant minorities of Hindus throughout the province. In 1947 due to communal tensions and partition two million Muslim refugees forced to flee to Pakistan while most Hindus fled to India.

The refugees from India were mostly Urdu speakers, and although the official language of Sindh was Sindhi, many schools in big cities of Sindh transitioned to Urdu language education.

Government[]

The offices of Governor of Sindh and Premier (later Chief Minister) of Sindh were established in 1936 when Sindh became a province. This system continued until 1955 when Sindh was dissolved.

Tenure	Governor of Sindh[1]
1 April 1936	Province of Sindh established
1 April 1936 – 1 August 1938	Sir Lancelot Graham (first time)
1 August 1938 – 1 December 1938	Joseph Garrett (acting)
1 December 1938 – 1 April 1941	Sir Lancelot Graham (2nd time)
1 April 1941 – 15 January 1946	Sir Hugh Dow
15 January 1946 – 14 August 1947	Sir Robert Francis Mudie
14 August 1947	Independence of Pakistan
14 August 1947 – 4 October 1948	Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah
4 October 1948 – 19 November 1952	Sheikh Din Muhammad
19 November 1952 – 1 May 1953	Mian Aminuddin
1 May 1953 – 12 August 1953	George Baxandall Constantine
12 August 1953 – 23 June 1954	Habib Ibrahim Rahmatullah
23 June 1954 – 14 October 1955	Iftikhar Hussain Khan
14 October 1955	Province of Sindh dissolved

Name of Premier (pre-partition)	Entered Office	Left Office	Political Party/Notes
Ghulam Hussain Hidayat Ullah (1st time)	28 April 1937	23 March 1938
Allah Bux Soomro (1st time)	23 March 1938	18 April 1940	Ittehad Party
Mir Bandeh Ali Khan Talpur	18 April 1940	7 March 1941	All-India Muslim League
Allah Bux Soomro (2nd time)	7 March 1941	14 October 1942	Ittehad Party
Ghulam Hussain Hidayat Ullah (2nd time)	14 October 1942	14 August 1947	Muslim People's Party

Tenure	Chief Minister of Sind[1]	Political party
14 August 1947 – 28 April 1948	Mohammad Ayub Khuhro (1st time)	Pakistan Muslim League
3 May 1948 – 4 February 1949	Pir Illahi Bakhsh	Pakistan Muslim League
18 February 1949 – 7 May 1950	Yusuf Haroon	Non-partisan
8 May 1950 – 24 March 1951	Qazi Fazlullah Ubaidullah	Non-partisan
25 March 1951 – 29 December 1951	Mohammad Ayub Khuhro (2nd time)	Pakistan Muslim League
29 December 1951 – 22 May 1953	Governor's rule
22 May 1953 – 8 November 1954	Pirzada Abdus Sattar	Pakistan Muslim League
9 November 1954 – 14 October 1955	Mohammad Ayub Khuhro (3rd time)	Pakistan Muslim League
14 October 1955	Province of Sindh dissolved

Elections[]

• 1937
• 1946

References[]

See also[]

• Sindh
• Khairpur
• Karachi

Coordinates: 26°06′N 68°34′E / 26.10°N 68.56°E / 26.10; 68.56