Sodium perchlorate

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Sodium perchlorate
Sodium perchlorte
Potassium-perchlorate-unit-cell-3D-balls-perspective.png
Names
Other names
Sodium chlorate(VII)
Sodium hyperchlorate
Perchloric acid, sodium salt
Identifiers
  • 7601-89-0 checkY
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.647 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 231-511-9
RTECS number
  • SC9800000
UNII
UN number 1502
  • InChI=1S/ClHO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1 checkY
    Key: BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M checkY
  • InChI=1/ClHO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1
    Key: BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-REWHXWOFAU
  • [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O
Properties
NaClO4
NaClO4.H2O (monohydrate)
Molar mass 122.44 g/mol
Appearance White crystalline solid
Density 2.4994 g/cm3
2.02 g/cm3 (monohydrate)
Melting point 468 °C (874 °F; 741 K) (decomposes, anhydrous)
130 °C (monohydrate)
Boiling point 482 °C (900 °F; 755 K) (decomposes, monohydrate)
209.6 g/100 mL (25 °C, anhydrous)
209 g/100 mL (15 °C, monohydrate)
1.4617
Structure
orthorhombic
Hazards
Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 0715
GHS labelling:
GHS03: Oxidizing GHS07: Exclamation mark GHS08: Health hazard
Signal word
 Danger
H271, H302, H319, H373
P102, P220, P305+P351+P338, P338
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
2
0
1
OX
Flash point 400 °C (752 °F; 673 K)
Related compounds
Other anions
 Sodium chloride
Sodium hypochlorite
Sodium chlorite
Sodium chlorate
Other cations
 Lithium perchlorate
Potassium perchlorate
Ammonium perchlorate
Caesium perchlorate
Related compounds
 Perchloric acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N  (what is checkY☒N ?)
Infobox references

Sodium perchlorate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaClO4. It is a white crystalline, hygroscopic solid that is highly soluble in water and in alcohol. It is usually encountered as the monohydrate. The compound is noteworthy as the most water-soluble of the common perchlorate salts.

Sodium perchlorate and other perchlorates has been found on the planet Mars, first detected by the NASA probe Phoenix in 2009. This was later confirmed by spectral analysis by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter in 2015 of what is thought to be brine seeps which may be the first evidence of flowing liquid water containing hydrated salts on Mars.[1][2]

Selected properties[]

Its heat of formation is −382.75 kJ/mol, i.e. it is favorable for it to decompose into sodium chloride and dioxygen.[3] It crystallizes in the rhombic crystal system.[4]

Uses[]

Sodium perchlorate is the precursor to many other perchlorate salts, often taking advantage of their low solubility relative to NaClO4 (209 g/100 mL at 25 °C). Perchloric acid is made by treating NaClO4 with HCl.

Ammonium perchlorate and potassium perchlorate, of interest in rocketry and pyrotechnics, are prepared by double decomposition from a solution of sodium perchlorate and ammonium chloride or potassium chloride, respectively.

Laboratory applications[]

Solutions of NaClO4 are often used as an unreactive electrolyte. It is used in standard DNA extraction and hybridization reactions in molecular biology.

In medicine[]

Sodium perchlorate can be used to block iodine uptake before administration of iodinated contrast agents in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism (suppressed TSH).[5]

Production[]

Sodium perchlorate is produced by anodic oxidation of sodium chlorate at an inert electrode, such as platinum.[6]

ClO3− + H2O → ClO4− + 2H+ + 2 e− (acidic medium)
ClO3− + 2 OH− → ClO4− + H2O + 2 e− (alkaline medium)

Safety[]

LD50 is 2 – 4 g/kg (rabbits, oral).[6]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Wadsworth, Jennifer; Cockell, Charles S. (July 6, 2017). "Perchlorates on Mars enhance the bacteriocidal effects of UV light". Scientific Reports. 7 (2017, #4662). doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04910-3. PMC 5500590.
  2. ^ Delbecq, Denis (Sep 28, 2015). "De l'eau liquide répérée sur les pentes martiennes" [Liquid water spotted on Martian slopes]. Le Temps (in French). Retrieved Aug 23, 2021.
  3. ^ WebBook page for NaClO4
  4. ^ Eagleson, Mary (1994). Concise Encyclopedia Chemistry. revised, illustrated. Walter de Gruyter. p. 1000. ISBN 9783110114515. Retrieved March 7, 2013.
  5. ^ Becker C. [Prophylaxis and treatment of side effects due to iodinated contrast media relevant to radiological practice]. Radiologe. 2007 Sep;47(9):768-73.
  6. ^ a b Helmut Vogt, Jan Balej, John E. Bennett, Peter Wintzer, Saeed Akbar Sheikh, Patrizio Gallone (2002). "Chlorine Oxides and Chlorine Oxygen Acids". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a06_483.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)

External links[]

  • v
  • t
Compounds containing perchlorate group
HClO4 He
LiClO4 B(ClO
4)−
4
NH4ClO4
 H3OClO4 FClO4 Ne
NaClO4 Mg(ClO4)2
Al(ClO
4)−
4

Al(ClO
4)3−
6 		Si P S ClO−
4
ClOClO3
Cl2O7 		Ar
KClO4 Ca(ClO4)2 Sc(ClO4)3 Ti(ClO4)4 VO(ClO4)3
VO2(ClO4) 		Cr(ClO4)3 Fe(ClO4)2 ,
 Cu(ClO4)2 Ge As Se Br Kr
RbClO4 Sr(ClO4)2 Zr(ClO4)4 Mo Tc Ru Rh(ClO4)3 AgClO4 Sb I Xe
CsClO4 Ba(ClO4)2   W Re Os Ir Pt Au ,
 ,
 Po At Rn
Ra   Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
↓
La Pr Nd Pm
Ac Pa Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
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