Hydronium perchlorate

Hydronium perchlorate
Names
	Other names Oxonium perchlorate; Perchloric acid monohydrate;
Identifiers
CAS Number	13444-99-0 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	25936644;
PubChem CID	85613441;
	InChI InChI=1S/ClHO4.H2O/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);1H2 Key: AIUIJBDEQKTMHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
	SMILES [OH3+].[O-][Cl](=O)(=O)=O;
Properties
Chemical formula	ClH3O5
Molar mass	118.47 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless solid
Density	1.96 g/cm3
Structure
Crystal structure	Orthorhombic
Space group	Pnma
Lattice constant	a = 9.2343 Å, b = 5.8178 Å, c = 7.4606 Å
Related compounds
Other anions	Hydronium chloride
Other cations	Perchloric acid
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	Infobox references

Hydronium perchlorate is the chemical compound with the formula H₃OClO₄. It is an unusual salt due to it being a solid and stable hydronium salt.

Production[]

Hydronium perchlorate is produced by the reaction of anhydrous perchloric acid and water in a 1:1 molar ratio:^[2]

HClO₄ + H₂O → H₃OClO₄

This method was found to produce some byproducts and is not a reliable method. A more reliable method was reported by the of sodium 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenolate(produced by the reaction of and sodium hydroxide in ethanol) and p-phenylenediamine via the sodium template method. It resulted in a yellow solid which was transmetallated with copper(II) perchlorate then refluxed in nitrogen for 1 hour. The resulting solution was filtered and cooled to form the colorless crystals of hydronium perchlorate.^[1]

It can also be produced by the reaction of anhydrous nitric acid and perchloric acid.^[3]

References[]

^ ^a ^b Azhar A Rahman; Anwar Usman; Suchada Chantrapromma; Hoong-Kun Fun (2003). "Redetermination of hydronium perchlorate at 193 and 293 K". Acta Crystallographica C. 59 (Pt 9): i92-4. doi:10.1107/s0108270103010461. PMID 12944636.
^ C. E. Nordman (1962). "The crystal structure of hydronium perchlorate at -80°C". Acta Crystallographica. 15: 18–23. doi:10.1107/S0365110X62000055.
^ Kenneth Schofield (1980). "3". Aromatic nitration. Cambridge University Press. p. 30. ISBN 9780521233620.