Chlorine perchlorate
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Names | |||
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IUPAC name
Chloro perchlorate[1]
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Systematic IUPAC name
Chloro perchlorate[1] | |||
Other names
Chlorine (I,VII) oxide
Dichlorine tetroxide | |||
Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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ChemSpider | |||
PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |||
Cl2O4 | |||
Molar mass | 134.90 g·mol−1 | ||
Appearance | Pale green liquid | ||
Density | 1.81 g cm−3 | ||
Melting point | −117 °C (−179 °F; 156 K) | ||
Boiling point | 20 °C (68 °F; 293 K) (decomposes) | ||
Reacts | |||
Hazards | |||
Main hazards | oxidizer | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
what is ?) | (|||
Infobox references | |||
Chlorine perchlorate is a chemical compound with the formula Cl2O4. This chlorine oxide is an asymmetric oxide, with one chlorine atom in +1 oxidation state and the other +7, with proper formula ClOClO3. It is produced by the photolysis of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) at room temperature by 436 nm ultraviolet light :[2][3][4]
- 2 ClO2 → ClOClO3
Chlorine perchlorate can also be made by the following reaction at −45 °C.
- CsClO4 + ClOSO2F → Cs(SO3)F + ClOClO3
Properties[]
Chlorine perchlorate is a pale greenish liquid. It is less stable than ClO2 (chlorine dioxide)[citation needed] and decomposes at room temperature to give O2 (oxygen), Cl2 (chlorine) and Cl2O6 (dichlorine hexoxide):
- 2 ClOClO3 → O2 + Cl2 + Cl2O6
Chlorine perchlorate reacts with metal chlorides to form chlorine and the corresponding anhydrous perchlorate:
- CrO2Cl2 + 2 ClOClO3 → 2 Cl2 + CrO2(ClO4)2
- TiCl4 + 4 ClOClO3 → 4 Cl2 + Ti(ClO4)4
- 2 AgCl + 2 ClOClO3 → 2 AgClO4 + Cl2
Reactions[]
Reactant | Conditions | Products |
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— | Heat | dichlorine hexoxide (80%), chlorine dioxide, chlorine, oxygen |
— | Ultraviolet Light | dichlorine heptoxide, chlorine, oxygen[4] |
caesium iodide | -45 °C | Cs[I(OClO3)4][note 1] |
ClOSO2F or ClF | — | MClO4(M = Cs or NO2)[note 2] |
bromine | -45 °C | bromine perchlorate (BrOClO3)[note 2] |
iodine(0.33mol) | -50 °C | I(OClO3)3[note 3][5] |
Notes:
- 1. Cs[I(OClO3)4] is a pale yellow salt which is stable at room temperature. It has a square IO4 unit.
- 2. MClO4(M = Cs or NO2) reacts with BrOSO2F at -20 °C and produces bromine perchlorate (BrOClO3). Bromine perchlorate then reacts with hydrogen bromide (HBr) at -70 °C and produces elemental bromine (Br2) and perchloric acid (HClO4).
- 3. So far, all attempts to form iodine perchlorate(IOClO3) have failed, because the iodine atom oxidizes to +3 oxidation state immediately.[citation needed]
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Chloro Perchlorate - PubChem Public Chemical Database". The PubChem Project. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information.
- ^ A. J. Schell-Sorokin; D. S. Bethune; J. R. Lankard; M. M. T. Loy; P. P. Sorokin (1982). "Chlorine perchlorate a major photolysis product of chlorine dioxide". J. Phys. Chem. 86 (24): 4653–4655. doi:10.1021/j100221a001.
- ^ M. I. Lopez; J. E. Sicre (1988). "Ultraviolet spectrum of chlorine perchlorate". J. Phys. Chem. 92 (2): 563–564. doi:10.1021/j100313a062.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Rao, Balaji; Anderson, Todd A.; Redder, Aaron; Jackson, W. Andrew (2010-04-15). "Perchlorate Formation by Ozone Oxidation of Aqueous Chlorine/Oxy-Chlorine Species: Role of ClxOy Radicals". Environmental Science & Technology. 44 (8): 2961–2967. doi:10.1021/es903065f. ISSN 0013-936X. PMID 20345093.
- ^ Gomberg, M. (1923-02-01). "The Reaction Between Silver Perchlorate and Iodine. Chlorine Tetra-Oxide". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 45 (2): 398–421. doi:10.1021/ja01655a017. ISSN 0002-7863.
Categories:
- Chlorine oxides
- Acidic oxides
- Chlorine(VII) compounds
- Perchlorates