Stephen Sondheim Theatre

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Stephen Sondheim Theatre
Anything Goes at Stephen Sondheim Theatre.jpg
The Stephen Sondheim Theatre in 2011
Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
Address124 West 43rd Street
Manhattan, New York City
United States
Coordinates40°45′21″N 73°59′06″W / 40.755869°N 73.985°W / 40.755869; -73.985
Public transitSubway: Times Square–42nd Street/Port Authority Bus Terminal or 42nd Street–Bryant Park/Fifth Avenue
OperatorRoundabout Theatre Company
DesignationBroadway theatre
Capacity1,055
Construction
Opened1918
Rebuilt2004-2009
Years active1918-1968; 2001-2004; 2009-2010 (Henry Miller's Theatre)
1998 (as Kit Kat Club)
2010-present (Stephen Sondheim Theatre)
Website
www.roundabouttheatre.org

Stephen Sondheim Theatre, formerly Henry Miller's Theatre, is a Broadway theatre operated by the Roundabout Theatre Company at 124 West 43rd Street, between Broadway and Sixth Avenue, in Manhattan's Theater District. The theater was established in 1918 by Henry Miller, the actor and producer. Since 2010, it has been named after American composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim.

The theater was designed in the neoclassical style by architects Paul R. Allen and Ingalls & Hoffman with 950 seats. Its facade is protected as a city landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. The modern 1,055-seat theater opened in 2009 at the base of the Bank of America Tower. The current theater is completely underground and was designed by Cookfox, architects of the Bank of America Tower.

The original theater was managed by Henry Miller along with Elizabeth Milbank Anderson and Klaw & Erlanger. After Miller's death in 1926, his son Gilbert Miller took over operation. The Miller family sold the theater in 1966 to the Nederlanders, who sold it in 1968 to Seymour Durst. The last musical performed in 1969, and it served as a porn theater through much of the 1970s, then operated as a discotheque called Xenon from 1978 to 1984. The Henry Miller then operated as a nightclub in the 1980s and 1990s and then as the cabaret venue Kit Kat Club until 2000. Henry Miller's Theatre was completely rebuilt from 2004 to 2009 when the Bank of America Tower was developed.

Design[]

Stephen Sondheim Theatre is on 124 West 43rd Street, at the base of the Bank of America Tower, in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City.[1] It was originally known as Henry Miller's Theatre and was designed in the neo-Georgian style by Paul R. Allen with Ingalls & Hoffman, a firm composed of Harry Creighton Ingalls and F. Burrall Hoffman Jr.[2] The theater was named for its builder, English-born actor-producer Henry Miller.[1][3][4] While the facade dates from Allen and Ingalls & Hoffman's original design in 1918, the theatre itself dates to a 2009 reconstruction.[1][5]

Facade[]

The facade is made of red brick and white marble.[2][6] Miller had conceived of the theater as the ideal "American theatre", but the facade took significant inspiration from English theatre, and even the neo-Georgian decoration was meant to evoke the English origins of American drama.[7] A writer for Architectural Record wrote that the design appeared to be at least partially inspired by the architecture of the Drury Lane Theatre.[8][9] Unlike most theaters of its time, Henry Miller's Theatre had windows on its street-facing facade, illuminating what were originally offices.[10] The original facade still exists but only serves as an entrance to the rebuilt theater underground.[11] The facade protrudes from the Bank of America Tower's glass curtain wall, which surrounds it on all sides.[12]

Center ground-story entryway

The theater's ground-story facade consists of a water table made of granite, above which is a brick facade. There are five rectangular doorways at the center of the facade, each containing a recessed pair of metal doors; above these doorways are stone lintels with urn symbols flanked by rosettes.[13] When the theater was built, the three center doorways led to a box-office lobby; the leftmost doorway led to the balcony; and the rightmost doorway led to the gallery.[14] There is a marquee above the three center bays of the ground story.[13] As of September 2010, the marquee displays the words "Stephen Sondheim", reflecting its rename from Henry Miller's Theatre.[15]

The theater's design was influenced by the fact that Henry Miller's Theatre was the first Broadway theatre to be built under the 1916 Zoning Resolution.[4][8] Where previous Broadway theatres had to contain open-air alleys on either side, Henry Miller's Theatre concealed its alleys behind the extreme ends of either facade.[4][6][8] Accordingly, the five center doorways are flanked by a pair of segmental-arched gateways with wrought-iron gates. The gateways have paneled keystones above their centers and wrought-iron lanterns flanking each side.[13]

Detail of the side bays

The rest of the facade is made of red brick in common bond and is split into two end pavilions flanking five vertical bays. Each bay is delineated by projecting brick pilasters topped by decorated Corinthian-style capitals of terracotta. The five center bays have rectangular window openings at the second story, with stone keystones and brick voussoirs atop each window, as well as iron balconies curving outward. On the third story, there are three round-arched windows at the center, flanked by two blind openings with brick infill; they also have stone keystones and brick voussoirs. The end pavilions have arched brick niches at the second story and terracotta roundels on the third story. Above that is a terracotta frieze with the name "Henry Miller's Theatre" carved in the center and triangular pediments above the end pavilions. A parapet runs at the roof of the facade.[13] Above the theater facade is a billboard attached to the Bank of America Tower's curtain wall.[16]

Interior[]

Original design[]

The interior was designed similar to old English rooms in the Adam style.[6][10] The box-office lobby was an elliptical space.[14][17] The walls were cream-colored with mauve glazing and were decorated with a molding, a plaster cornice, and lighting fixtures. The box-office lobby had a floor of black and white marble, and the ceiling was made of plaster. The metal grilles and fixtures were painted in dark colors, while the doors were a dark ivory shade.[18] Three doorways from the box-office lobby led to a shallow foyer running across the rear of the auditorium's orchestra.[14][17] The foyer had bright-blue walls similar to those along the stairways and passageways.[19] Stairs at either end of the foyer descended to the lounge, and another stair on the right side ascended to the balcony.[14] The stairs between the foyer and lounge contained landings, which led to a ladies' retiring room and gentlemen's smoking room.[14] The lounge had English green walls with silk hangings; its design elements included an onyx-and-crystal candelabra. Different designs of light fixtures were used for the foyer and lounge, but they had similarly-designed black carpets with green and rose decorations.[19]

The original auditorium had 950 seats.[20][21] It was semicircular and designed with what Miller considered an "intimate" feel.[17][19] The parquet level was outfitted with 404 seats, even though the back row had to be removed because of the presence of the lobby behind it.[22] The original auditorium included two balcony levels, the higher level being the "gallery";[17][23] the second balcony referred to the fact that, in his youth, Miller had only been able to afford balcony seats.[24] Many older and larger theaters of the time had two balconies, but newer or smaller theaters only contained one balcony.[23] The lower balcony level had theater boxes,[17][19] which Miller had initially planned to exclude from the design,[17][23] though he ultimately decided upon making them inconspicuous.[23][25] The gallery level, on the same level as Miller's office, had an elevator so people could reach the gallery easily.[25] There were 200 seats in the gallery.[2] The auditorium's carpets had a black background with colorful patterns, a contrast to contemporary theaters that had monochrome carpets.[10] The auditorium also had gray walls, hand-painted panels, and brightly-colored plaster medallions and swags.[10][22] Illumination was provided by central chandeliers as well as lights in the boxes.[22]

The front of the auditorium had a wooden orchestra pit separated from the audience by a curved screen.[17][22] The music came from louvers at the top of the screen.[10][22] A pianist in the pit operated a choral cello, sounds from which were piped throughout the auditorium.[10] The stage was 33 feet (10 m) wide and had an amber brocade curtain. Above the curtain was a medallion with personifications of comedy and tragedy.[22] The left side of the stage contained its "working side", where stage directions were given, while the right side contained the dressing rooms. The rear of the stage had an additional space with a low ceiling.[17] A counterweight system was installed over the stage, which obviated the requirement for a fly system.[10][17] A switchboard controlled the lights above the stage.[17]

2009 reconstruction[]

From 2004 to 2009, the old theater was replaced with a 1,055-seat theater[21][26] designed by Cookfox, architects of the Bank of America Tower.[5][27] The rebuilt theater covers 50,000 square feet (4,600 m2).[5] For the theater's reconstruction, Severud and Tishman had to excavate the theater as much as 70 feet (21 m) below street level, since the new theater could not rise above the old facade.[28] This makes the theater one of two subterranean houses on Broadway.[29] The ground-level entrance contains the mezzanine, with the orchestra level located below. The ground level has a bar and cafe, and there is an upper mezzanine with a restaurant. Two-thirds of the seating, as well as a lobby bar, are at orchestra level.[24] The interior retains artifacts from the original structure.[21][30] These artifacts include the original emergency-exit doors and the plaster frieze from the auditorium.[5]

The theater's interior was designed to meet Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold green-building standards.[26][31] The environmental features include recycled wall panels, locally-quarried marble, and waterless urinals.[24] This makes Stephen Sondheim Theatre the first Broadway theater to meet LEED standards.[5] The rebuilt theater's design was influenced by input from numerous government agencies, theatre companies, and other organizations.[28] For instance, the women's restroom was designed with 22 stalls, three times the number required under building code,[5][28][24] and the men's restroom was designed with 10 stalls, one and a half times the code requirement.[24] In addition, Stephen Sondheim Theatre is fully accessible under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, with 20 viewing stations, a drinking fountain, and a restroom for disabled guests.[28]

History[]

Original theater[]

Henry Miller had held a lifelong dream of operating a theater.[32] In December 1916, he announced his intention to build a theater on a plot at 124-130 West 43rd Street, next to the established theater district on Times Square.[25][33][34] The site measured 85.9 by 100.5 feet (26.2 by 30.6 m) and had previously been proposed as the site of an unbuilt theater by .[34] Miller had leased the lot from its owner, Elizabeth Milbank Anderson.[35][36] Paul Allen and Ingalls & Hoffman were hired for the design.[2] Allen had been involved in the project partially because Miller sometimes worked with Allen's sister, actress Viola Allen.[37]

Early years[]

Detail of the top of the facade, with the name "Henry Miller's Theatre" inscribed

Henry Miller's Theatre opened on April 1, 1918, hosting the play The Fountain of Youth,[38][39] in which Miller himself starred.[40] John Corbin wrote for The New York Times that the new theater was "of the ideal size and shape" and that "the decorations are at once rich and in the perfection of good taste".[41] Heywood Broun of the New-York Tribune said the theater "is a delight if you don't mind the curtain too much".[39] The Brooklyn Times-Union subsequently said the theater was "a memorial worthy of any man" even if Miller did not have further accomplishments in his lifetime.[42] The Fountain of Youth itself was a flop, as was the play that succeeded it, The Marriage of Convenience.[43] That July, Klaw & Erlanger agreed to jointly manage the theater with Miller.[44]

Most of the early productions were flops,[45] until Mis' Nelly of N'Orleans, which opened in 1919 and had 127 performances.[43] The musical La La Lucille, which opened in May 1919,[46][47] was also a success,[45] even though the theater had to close during the 1919 Actors' Equity Association strike.[48][49] Miller ultimately starred in eight productions at the theater during his lifetime, including The Famous Mrs. Fair (1918), and The Changelings (1923).[46][50] During the early 1920s, Henry Miller's Theatre hosted the Broadway debuts of Leslie Howard in Just Suppose (1920)[51] as well as Noël Coward in The Vortex (1925).[46][51] Other actors and actresses to perform at the Henry Miller included Alfred Lunt and Billie Burke in The Awful Truth (1922), Ina Claire in Romeo and Juliet (1923), and Jane Cowl and Dennis King in Quarantine (1924).[52] Meanwhile, Elizabeth Milbank Anderson had died in 1921,[35] and the lease on the underlying land was transferred to the City Real Estate Company.[36] Miller, the theater's lessee, subleased the theater for five years to himself and A. L. Erlanger in June 1924.[53]

Gilbert Miller operation[]

Henry Miller died in 1926,[50] and his son Gilbert took over management of the theater.[45] As trustee of his father's estate, Gilbert filed a lawsuit to cancel Erlanger's sublease of the theater. Miller argued that he did not have the power to reassign his father's stake in the sublease to himself, and Erlanger was refusing to vouch for him.[53] As a result, shows at Henry Miller's Theatre were transferred to the Shubert Theatre while the litigation was pending.[54] Gilbert Miller ultimately bought Erlanger's interest and paid 25 percent of the gross profit from each production to the Milbank Memorial Fund, Anderson's legatee.[55] Performances at Henry Miller's Theatre around this time included The Play's The Thing (1926),[52][56] Our Betters (1928),[46][57] and Journey's End (1929).[58][59]

Henry Miller's Theatre was most successful from the 1930s through 1950s.[45] In the early 1930s, the theater hosted The Good Fairy (1931), with Helen Hayes and Walter Connolly;[60][61] The Late Christopher Bean (1932), with Pauline Lord;[60][62] and Personal Appearance (1934), with Gladys George.[52][63] Other notable plays in that decade included a revival of The Country Wife (1936)[60][64] and French Without Tears (1937).[52][65] The Henry Miller briefly hosted Our Town in 1938 before the play was moved to the Morosco Theatre.[66][67] The Henry Miller's productions in the early 1940s included Ladies in Retirement (1940) with Flora Robson and Estelle Winwood,[60] Spring Again (1941) with Grace George,[60] and Harriet (1943) with Helen Hayes.[66][68] By the theater's twenty-fifth anniversary in 1943, Henry Miller's Theatre had hosted 83 plays and one musical, La La Lucille.[51] Later in the decade, the theater showed Dear Ruth in 1944[66][69] and Born Yesterday from 1948 to 1950.[60]

The Henry Miller presented The Cocktail Party (1950) with Alec Guinness, Cathleen Nesbitt, and Irene Worth[66][70] and The Moon Is Blue (1951) with Barbara Bel Geddes and Barry Nelson.[66][71] The Living Room also opened at the Henry Miller in November 1954 but, after a month, was replaced by Witness for the Prosecution,[52] which ran till 1956.[60] Other notable shows and performances in the 1950s included The Reluctant Debutante (1956);[52][72] Hotel Paradiso (1957) with Bert Lahr and Angela Lansbury;[52][73] Under Milk Wood (1957);[60][74] Look After Lulu! (1959) with Tammy Grimes,[75][76] and The Andersonville Trial (1959) with George C. Scott and Albert Dekker.[75] The early 1960s saw performances such as The World of Carl Sandburg (1960) with Bette Davis;[75][77] Under the Yum Yum Tree (1960) with Gig Young;[75][78] and Enter Laughing (1963) with Alan Arkin and Vivian Blaine.[79][80] The 416-performance run of Enter Laughing[60] was followed by a series of flops, some with as few as five performances.[75]

Late 1960s through 1980s[]

Seen in 2007

In April 1966, Gilbert Miller's wife offered the theater for sale for $1 million, saying she did not want her 81-year-old husband to "work hard as a producer" in his old age.[81] Theatre director Elia Kazan and his lawyer H. William Fitelson were reportedly interested in buying the Henry Miller.[81] Instead, that November, the Millers sold the theatre to the Nederlanders for $500,000.[82][83] This was not the high offer that the Millers had received, but the buyers had promised to retain the "Henry Miller" name.[83][84] The marquee outside the theater was installed around this time.[46] The off-off-Broadway venue Circle in the Square took a one-year lease on the Henry Miller in May 1968, to start that August.[85] The theater became known as "Circle in the Square on Broadway" and was planned to show feature films.[86] The Circle only ran two shows at the venue, both of which were flops.[87]

The Nederlander Organization sold the Henry Miller in 1968 to Seymour Durst, who leased the theater back to the Nederlanders.[88] Durst wanted to redevelop the entire city block but, over the following three decades, failed to carry out several proposals for the block.[89] After the Circle's lease was terminated in January 1969, James M. Nederlander leased the theater to "movie exhibitor" Maurice Maurer.[87] The production But, Seriously, which ran for three days the following month, was the last multi-day production at the theater for nearly three decades.[75][90] The theater was renamed the Park-Miller[12][75] and began showing "feature films" in 1970.[91] According to theatre historian Ken Bloom, the Park-Miller aired male pornographic films.[92] Two years later, the theater was leased to the Avon chain of theatres,[91] becoming Avon-on-the Hudson.[91][92] Through 1977, the theater was still showing porn films.[91][93] The Durst Organization retook operation of the theater later that year and renovated it.[94]

In June 1978, the old Henry Miller's Theatre reopened as a discotheque called Xenon.[95][96] The disco was outfitted with a descending neon panel on the ceiling.[96] Xenon hosted one play, The Ritz, which had exactly one performance on May 2, 1983.[92] Xenon operated until either 1983[97] or 1984.[45][75] The old theater reopened as the nightclub Shout in August 1985.[98] The nightclub featured music from the 1950s and 60s, and the auditorium had decorations including a full-sized Cadillac projecting from the wall of the stage.[97] Meanwhile, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) had started considering protecting the Henry Miller as an official city landmark in 1982,[99] with discussions continuing over the next several years.[100] The LPC designated the Henry Miller's exterior as a city landmark in 1987.[92][101]

1990s and 2000s[]

The Shout nightclub had closed by September 1991, when the theater reopened as the City nightclub.[102] The nightclub was shuttered before 1994; that March, the old theater was described as being boarded up.[103] In September 1994, it was announced that the nightclub Club Expo would open in the old Henry Miller. The space was decorated with elements, such as monorails and holograms, based on a futuristic conception from the 1939 New York World's Fair.[104]

Club Expo was renovated in late 1997[105] and returned to performance use as the Kit Kat Club, a "club within a club" concept, in March 1998.[90][106] Named after the Berlin nightclub in the 1966 musical Cabaret, the Kit Kat Club housed Roundabout Theatre Company’s popular revival of the musical.[11] After hours, the location served as a popular nightclub with burlesque entertainment and dancing. In July 1998, a nearby construction accident temporarily closed the building, forcing Roundabout to relocate to Studio 54 to finish their production.[107] That November, the production permanently moved to Studio 54.[108][109] Douglas Durst of the Durst Organization had wanted to evict Roundabout three years ahead of schedule so he could use the Henry Miller as a theatre again.[108]

The Kit Kat Club continued to operate as a nightclub and a venue for private parties until it closed in April 2000. Before its closure, the club had seen several crimes, including an incident in which rapper Jay-Z stabbed a promoter.[110] By that December, The New York Times described the Henry Miller as being dilapidated, with dangling wires in the ceiling and a "carpet is so grubby that patrons are allowed to drink their Weissbier in the theater".[111] The theater was rechristened the Henry Miller and was renovated with 640 seats and a new air-conditioning system.[112] After multiple delays, including a delay caused by the September 11 attacks, Urinetown opened in September 2001.[113] By late 2003, Durst was planning to develop a new skyscraper on the site with Bank of America. Durst notified the theater's operators that it would have to be closed and demolished to make way for the skyscraper's construction.[114]

Current theater[]

The original theater closed in January 2004 to make way for the 55-story Bank of America Tower.[115] Because of the theater's landmark status, Durst and Bank of America had to avoid damaging the facade under threat of financial penalty. In addition, the new theater had to be placed underground because it could not rise higher than the height of the old facade.[28] The landmark facade was temporarily attached to a three-story steel support frame when the tower was built.[28][116][117] By late 2004, the frame had been constructed.[116] The theater's interior was demolished using manual tools, and the contractors installed sensors to detect any vibrations on the facade.[28][116] Some of the old auditorium's seats became part of a Pennsylvania bowling alley.[11]

New entrance marquee

In 2007, Roundabout announced it would operate the theater as its third Broadway venue.[118] By the middle of the following year, the scaffolding over the facade was being dismantled.[119] In May 2009, Roundabout announced that Henry Miller's Theatre would reopen that September with a production of a revival of the musical Bye Bye Birdie.[120][121] The theatre reopened with a preview performance of Bye Bye Birdie on September 10, 2009, and ran for three months.[122] The other major production to run at the new Henry Miller's Theatre, prior to its renaming, was All About Me featuring Dame Edna and Michael Feinstein; it played a limited engagement in early 2010.[122]

On March 22, 2010, the 80th birthday of American composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim, Roundabout announced that Henry Miller's Theatre would be renamed in Sondheim's honor.[123][124] The official unveiling and lighting of the marquee of the new Stephen Sondheim Theatre took place in a ceremony on September 15, 2010.[125] The first production at the newly renamed Stephen Sondheim Theatre was The Pee-wee Herman Show, which played a limited ten-week engagement.[126] Other notable productions in the renamed theater included a revival of Anything Goes, from 2011 to 2012;[127] The Trip to Bountiful, in 2013;[128] and Beautiful: The Carole King Musical, from 2013 to 2019.[129][130] On March 12, 2020, the theater was closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[131] It will reopen on October 21, 2021, with performances of Mrs. Doubtfire.[132][133]

Notable productions[]

Henry Miller's Theatre

Stephen Sondheim Theatre

See also[]

References[]

Notes

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot & Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 271. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Actor-Manager: Henry Miller's Theater in New York is Nearing Completion--An Odd Design". Los Angeles Times. December 23, 1917. p. III14. ProQuest 160457006.
  3. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 1.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c Cornelius 1918, pp. 113–115.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Healy, Patrick (May 3, 2009). "White Way Gets a 'Green' Theater". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 12, 2021.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c Stern, Robert A. M.; Gilmartin, Gregory; Massengale, John Montague (1983). New York 1900: Metropolitan Architecture and Urbanism, 1890-1915. New York: Rizzoli. pp. 219–220. ISBN 0-8478-0511-5. OCLC 9829395.
  7. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, pp. 12–13.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 13.
  9. ^ Cornelius 1918, p. 113.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "The New Miller Theatre". New-York Tribune. April 7, 1918. p. 38. Retrieved September 16, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b c Edidin, Peter (April 17, 2005). "Something There Is That Does Love a Wall". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 16, 2021.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b Pollak, Michael (August 8, 2004). "F.Y.I." The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 16.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Cornelius 1918, p. 115.
  15. ^ Jones, Kenneth (September 15, 2010). "Bright Lights, White Lights: Marquee of Broadway's Sondheim Theatre Unveiled Sept. 15". Playbill. Retrieved September 12, 2021.
  16. ^ Troianovski, Anton (May 24, 2010). "One Bryant Park Banks on Many Shapes". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
  17. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Krows, Arthur Edwin (March 3, 1918). "Henry Miller Builds a Theatre". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 15, 2021.
  18. ^ Cornelius 1918, pp. 115–117.
  19. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Cornelius 1918, p. 117.
  20. ^ "Henry Miller's Theatre in New York, NY". Cinema Treasures. September 16, 2010. Retrieved September 15, 2021.
  21. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Stephen Sondheim Theater / COOKFOX". ArchDaily. Retrieved September 12, 2021.
  22. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Cornelius 1918, p. 124.
  23. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 12.
  24. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Jones, Kenneth (May 3, 2009). "Broadway's Newest Theatre, Henry Miller's, Will Open in September With Bye Bye Birdie". Playbill. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Henry Miller's Theatre". New York Herald. December 31, 1916. p. 24. Retrieved September 15, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  26. ^ Jump up to: a b "Bank of America Tower achieves LEED Platinum: Tishman plays key role". New York Real Estate Journals. September 27, 2010. Retrieved September 12, 2021.
  27. ^ "Stephen Sondheim Theater". Cook+Fox. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  28. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Second Time Around". Building Design + Construction. September 13, 2010. Retrieved September 12, 2021.
  29. ^ "Simply New York: Secrets of the Stephen Sondheim Theatre". ABC7 New York. January 1, 2018. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  30. ^ "Stephen Sondheim". Spotlight on Broadway. March 10, 2010. Retrieved September 12, 2021.
  31. ^ Varley, Eddie (May 4, 2009). "Photo Preview: Henry Miller's Theatre on West 43rd Street". BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved September 12, 2021.
  32. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, pp. 7–8.
  33. ^ "News of Plays and Players: Henry Miller to Build a Theatre in 43d Street, Near Broadway". New-York Tribune. December 19, 1916. p. 13. ProQuest 575667355.
  34. ^ Jump up to: a b "New 43rd Street Theatre". The Real Estate Record: Real estate record and builders' guide. 98 (2545): 767. December 23, 1916 – via columbia.edu.
  35. ^ Jump up to: a b "Half of $7,000,000 Estate to Public; Mrs. Elizabeth Milbank Anderson Left $1,500,000 to Memorial Fund Association". The New York Times. June 30, 1921. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 15, 2021.
  36. ^ Jump up to: a b "Theatre Leasehold Conveyed". The Real Estate Record: Real estate record and builders' guide. 109 (11): 337. March 18, 1922 – via columbia.edu.
  37. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 10.
  38. ^ "Henry Miller in His New Theatre; 'The Fountain of Youth' Sprays Brilliants of Wit and Rainbow Charm". The New York Times. April 2, 1918. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 15, 2021.
  39. ^ Jump up to: a b Broun, Heywood (April 2, 1918). "The Drama: Handsome New Theatre Opens With Artificial and Dull Play". New-York Tribune. p. 9. Retrieved September 15, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  40. ^ "Plays and Players". New-York Tribune. March 20, 1918. p. 11. Retrieved September 16, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  41. ^ Corbin, John (April 7, 1918). "Old Vainglory; Henry Miller's Theatre. In the Mailbag". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 15, 2021.
  42. ^ "Henry Miller as Actor and as Theatre Manager". Times Union. February 19, 1922. p. 17. Retrieved September 16, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  43. ^ Jump up to: a b Bloom 2013, p. 112.
  44. ^ "Partners of Henry Miller; Klaw & Erlanger Join Him in His Theatre and Productions". The New York Times. July 24, 1918. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 16, 2021.
  45. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Schneider, Daniel B. (June 28, 1998). "F.Y.I." The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 16, 2021.
  46. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 14.
  47. ^ Jump up to: a b Bloom 2013, pp. 112–113.
  48. ^ "Gov. Smith Moves in Theatre Strike; Receives Delegations From Actors and Managers and Is Expected to Mediate". The New York Times. August 20, 1919. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 16, 2021.
  49. ^ "Henry Miller Theatre Closed; 18 Now Dark". New-York Tribune. August 20, 1919. p. 18. Retrieved September 16, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  50. ^ Jump up to: a b "Henry Miller Dies; Veteran of Stage; Noted Actor-Manager Succumbs at 66 to Pneumonia in New York Hospital". The New York Times. April 10, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 16, 2021.
  51. ^ Jump up to: a b c "A Theatre Anniversary; Henry Miller's to Observe 25th Tonight -- Opened in 1918". The New York Times. April 1, 1943. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 16, 2021.
  52. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Bloom 2013, p. 113.
  53. ^ Jump up to: a b "Suit Over Theatre Lease; Gilbert Miller Brings Action Against A.L. Erlanger". The New York Times. April 19, 1927. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 16, 2021.
  54. ^ "Miller Shifts Bookings.; Shuberts to Get Them Instead of Erlanger as Result of Suit". The New York Times. May 31, 1927. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 16, 2021.
  55. ^ Harriman, Margaret Case (June 5, 1943). "Profile: Mr. Miller and Mr. Hyde". The New Yorker: 30.
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Bibliography

External links[]

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