Svante Pääbo

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Svante Pääbo
Professor Svante Paabo ForMemRS.jpg
Pääbo at the Royal Society admissions day in London, July 2016
Born (1955-04-20) 20 April 1955 (age 66)
Stockholm, Sweden
NationalitySweden
Alma materUppsala University (PhD)
Known forPaleogenetics
Spouse(s)
Linda Vigilant
​
(m. 2008)​
Children2
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsGenetics
Evolutionary Anthropology
InstitutionsMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
ThesisHow the E19 protein of adenoviruses modulates the immune system (1986)
Websitewww.eva.mpg.de/genetics/staff/paabo/home.html

Svante Pääbo ([ˈsvanːtɛ ˈpæːbo]; born 20 April 1955) is a Swedish geneticist specialising in the field of evolutionary genetics.[3] As one of the founders of paleogenetics, he has worked extensively on the neanderthal genome.[4][5][6][7][8] [9] Since 1997, he has been director of the Department of Genetics at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany.[10][11][12][13][14]

Education and early life[]

Pääbo was born in Stockholm and grew up with his mother, Estonian chemist Karin Pääbo.[15] His father was biochemist Sune Bergström,[15] who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Bengt I. Samuelsson and John R. Vane in 1982.[16] He earned his PhD from Uppsala University in 1986 for research investigating how the E19 protein of adenoviruses modulates the immune system.[17]

Research and career[]

Pääbo at the 2014 Nobel Conference

Pääbo is known as one of the founders of paleogenetics, a discipline that uses the methods of genetics to study early humans and other ancient populations.[18][19] In 1997, Pääbo and colleagues reported their successful sequencing of Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), originating from a specimen found in Feldhofer grotto in the Neander valley.[20][21] In 2020, Pääbo determined that more severe impacts upon victims including the relative incidence of the necessity of hospitalization requirements, and vulnerability to the COVID-19 disease has been associated via DNA analysis to be expressed in genetic variants at chromosomal region 3, features that are associated with European Neanderthal heritage. That structure imposes greater risks that those affected will develop a more severe form of the disease.[22] The findings are from Pääbo and researchers he leads at the Planck Institute and the Karolinska Institutet.[22] This admixture of modern human and Neanderthal genes is estimated to have occurred roughly between 50,000 and 60,000 years ago in Southern Europe.[22]

In August 2002, Pääbo's department published findings about the "language gene", FOXP2,[23] which is lacking or damaged in some individuals with language disabilities.

In 2006, Pääbo announced a plan to reconstruct the entire genome of Neanderthals. In 2007, he was named one of Time magazine's 100 most influential people of the year.[24]

In February 2009, at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in Chicago, it was announced that the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology had completed the first draft version of the Neanderthal genome.[25] Over 3 billion base pairs were sequenced in collaboration with the 454 Life Sciences Corporation. This project, led by Pääbo, will shed new light on the recent evolutionary history of modern humans.[citation needed]

In March 2010, Pääbo and his coworkers published a report about the DNA analysis of a finger bone found in the Denisova Cave in Siberia; the results suggest that the bone belonged to an extinct member of the genus Homo that had not yet been recognized, the Denisova hominin.[26]

In May 2010, Pääbo and his colleagues published a draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome in the journal Science.[27] He and his team also concluded that there was probably interbreeding between Neanderthals and Eurasian (but not Sub-Saharan African) humans.[28] There is growing support in the scientific community for this theory of admixture between archaic and anatomically-modern humans,[29] though some archaeologists remain skeptical about this conclusion.[30][needs update][better source needed]

In 2014, he published the book Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes where he in the mixed form of a memoir and popular science tells the story of the research effort to map the Neanderthal genome combined with thought on human evolution.[16][31]

Awards and honours[]

In 1992, he received the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, which is the highest honour awarded in German research. Pääbo was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 2000. In 2005, he received the prestigious Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine.[1] In 2008, Pääbo received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.[32] In October 2009, the Foundation For the Future announced that Pääbo had been awarded the 2009 Kistler Prize for his work isolating and sequencing ancient DNA, beginning in 1984 with a 2,400-year-old mummy.[33] In June 2010, the Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) awarded him the Theodor Bücher Medal for outstanding achievements in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.[34] In 2013, he received Gruber Prize in Genetics for ground breaking research in evolutionary genetics.[35] In June 2015, he was awarded the degree of DSc (honoris causa) at NUI Galway.[36] He was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society in 2016,[2] and in 2017, was awarded the Dan David Prize. In 2018, he received the Princess of Asturias Awards in the category of Scientific Research and in 2020, the Japan Prize.[37]

Personal life[]

According to Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes, Pääbo is openly bisexual – he assumed he was gay until he met Linda Vigilant, an American primatologist and geneticist whose "boyish charms" attracted him. They have co-authored many papers. They are married and raising a son and a daughter together in Leipzig.[38][39]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b Louis-Jeantet Prize
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Anon (2016). "Professor Svante Paabo ForMemRS". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 29 April 2016. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where:

    “All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.” --"Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies". Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  3. ^ Svante Pääbo publications indexed by Google Scholar Edit this at Wikidata
  4. ^ Pääbo, Svante (November 1993). "Ancient DNA". Scientific American. 269 (5): 60–66. Bibcode:1993SciAm.269e..86P. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1193-86. PMID 8235556.
  5. ^ Candee, Marjorie Dent; Block, Maxine; Rothe, Anna Herthe (2007). Current biography yearbook. New York: H. W. Wilson. ISBN 978-0-8242-1084-7.
  6. ^ Harold M. Schmeck Jr (16 April 1985). "Intact Genetic Material Extracted from an Ancient Egyptian Mummy". New York Times. (This article shows Pääbo to be the first one to extract DNA from a thousands year dead human—not Bryan Sykes who claimed to be in his books)
  7. ^ Kolbert, Elizabeth. "Sleeping with the Enemy: What happened between the Neanderthals and us?". The New Yorker. No. 15 & 22 August 2011. pp. 64–75.
  8. ^ Svante Päabo (2014) Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes, Basic Books, ISBN 9780465020836
  9. ^ "A Neanderthal Perspective on Human Origins" (video lecture). 10 September 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
  10. ^ Gitschier, J. (2008). "Imagine: An Interview with Svante Pääbo". PLOS Genetics. PLOS. 4 (3): e1000035. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000035. PMC 2274957. PMID 18369454.
  11. ^ Zagorski, N. (2006). "Profile of Svante Paabo". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (37): 13575–13577. doi:10.1073/pnas.0606596103. PMC 1564240. PMID 16954182.
  12. ^ Dickman, S. (1998). "Svante Pääbo: Pushing ancient DNA to the limit". Current Biology. 8 (10): R329–R330. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70212-X. PMID 9601629.
  13. ^ Shute, N. (2003). "Portrait: Svante Paabo. The human factor". U.S. News & World Report. 134 (2): 62–63. PMID 12561700.
  14. ^ "Svante Paabo at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology". Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b Kolbert, Elizabeth, Sleeping with the Enemy, The New Yorker. 15 August 2011
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b Peter Forbes (20 February 2014) Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes by Svante Pääbo – review
  17. ^ Pääbo, Svante (1986). How the E19 protein of adenoviruses modulates the immune system (PhD thesis). Uppsala University. ISBN 9155419216. OCLC 16668494.
  18. ^ "Svante Paabo publications in PubMed". Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  19. ^ "Edge: Mapping the Neanderthal Genome – A Conversation With Svante Pääbo". Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  20. ^ Krings, M; Stone, A; Schmitz, Rw; Krainitzki, H; Stoneking, M; Pääbo, S (1997). "Neandertal DNA sequences and the origin of modern humans". Cell. 90 (1): 19–30. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80310-4. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0025-0960-8. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 9230299. S2CID 13581775.
  21. ^ Rincon, Paul (11 April 2018). "How ancient DNA is transforming our view of the past". BBC. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  22. ^ Jump up to: a b c The ancient Neanderthal in severe COVID-19, Science News, September 30, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
  23. ^ Enard, W.; Przeworski, M.; Fisher, S. E.; Lai, C. S. L.; Wiebe, V.; Kitano, T.; Monaco, A. P.; Pääbo, S. (2002). "Molecular evolution of FOXP2, a gene involved in speech and language". Nature. 418 (6900): 869–872. Bibcode:2002Natur.418..869E. doi:10.1038/nature01025. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0012-CB89-A. PMID 12192408. S2CID 4416233.
  24. ^ Venter, J. C. (2007). "Time 100 scientists & thinkers. Svante Paabo". Time. 169 (20): 116. PMID 17536326.
  25. ^ Callaway, Ewen (12 February 2009) First draft of Neanderthal genome is unveiled New Scientist, Life, Retrieved 13 February 2015
  26. ^ Krause, J.; Fu, Q.; Good, J. M.; Viola, B.; Shunkov, M. V.; Derevianko, A. P.; Pääbo, S. (2010). "The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of an unknown hominin from southern Siberia". Nature. 464 (7290): 894–897. Bibcode:2010Natur.464..894K. doi:10.1038/nature08976. PMID 20336068.
  27. ^ Green, R. E.; Krause, J.; Briggs, A. W.; Maricic, T.; Stenzel, U.; Kircher, M.; Patterson, N.; Li, H.; Zhai, W.; Fritz, M. H. Y.; Hansen, N. F.; Durand, E. Y.; Malaspinas, A. S.; Jensen, J. D.; Marques-Bonet, T.; Alkan, C.; Prüfer, K.; Meyer, M.; Burbano, H. A.; Good, J. M.; Schultz, R.; Aximu-Petri, A.; Butthof, A.; Höber, B.; Höffner, B.; Siegemund, M.; Weihmann, A.; Nusbaum, C.; Lander, E. S.; Russ, C. (2010). "A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome". Science. 328 (5979): 710–722. Bibcode:2010Sci...328..710G. doi:10.1126/science.1188021. PMC 5100745. PMID 20448178..
  28. ^ Rincon, Paul (2010). "Neanderthal genes 'survive in us'". BBC. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
  29. ^ Lalueza-Fox, C; Gilbert, MTP (2011). "Paleogenomics of Archaic Hominins". Current Biology. 21 (24): R1002–R1009. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.11.021. PMID 22192823. S2CID 14371551.
  30. ^ Wade, Nicholas (7 May 2010). "Signs of Neanderthals Mating With Humans". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
  31. ^ Simon Underdown (3 April 2014) Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes, by Svante Pääbo Times Higher Education. Retrieved 1 July 2014
  32. ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
  33. ^ "Foundation For the Future has selected Dr. Svante Pääbo as the 2009 winner of the Kistler Prize". Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  34. ^ "FEBS MEDALS: The Theodor Bücher Lecture and Medal". Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  35. ^ "Gruber Genetics Prize for Svante Pääbo". MAX-PLANCK-GESELLSCHAFT. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
  36. ^ "ONE OF WORLD'S MOST INFLUENTIAL SCIENTISTS TO SPEAK AT NUI GALWAY". Retrieved 13 June 2015.
  37. ^ Japan Prize 2020
  38. ^ Powledge, Tabitha M. (6 March 2014). "Sexy Science: Neanderthals, Svante Pääbo and the story of how sex shaped modern humans". Genetic Literary Project. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
  39. ^ Pääbo, Svante (2014). Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-02083-6.

External links[]

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