T91 assault rifle

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T91
The T91CQC carbine. Note the forend with integrated rails and the shorter barrel compared to the standard variant.
Type	Assault rifle
Place of origin	Taiwan (Republic of China)
Service history
In service	2003–present
Used by	See Users
Production history
Designed	2002
Manufacturer	205th Arsenal
Produced	2003–present
No. built	300,000+
Specifications
Mass	3.17 kg
Length	880mm (stock extended) 800mm (stock retracted) (Standard Rifle) 780mm (stock extended) 700 mm (stock retracted) (CQC Carbine)
Barrel length	406mm (Standard Rifle) 349mm (CQC Carbine)
Cartridge	5.56×45mm NATO
Action	Gas-operated, rotating bolt
Rate of fire	800-850 rpm
Muzzle velocity	975 m/s (Standard Rifle) 840 m/s (CQC Carbine)
Effective firing range	400m 600m (with optics)
Feed system	Various STANAG magazines.
Sights	M16A2-style sights with windage and elevation adjustments Picatinny rail can be used for mounting various optical sights

The T91 rifle (Chinese: 聯勤5.56公釐T91戰鬥步槍) is produced by the 205th Armory of the Republic of China Ministry of National Defense. It is based on the proven T86 assault rifle, incorporating features from the M16 and AR-18 rifles with more modern features. The T91 is lighter and shorter than the T65 it replaces and has a 3-position telescoping stock to allow adjustment based on individual requirements.

History[]

T91 30-round magazine with ammo capacity indicator, STANAG compatible.

Receiver left side closeup

T91 on display

T91 was a further development of the T86 assault rifle which had been intended to replace the T65 assault rifle series in Taiwanese military service. Experience on the previous design and feedback from various users were incorporated into the T91. Development was completed in 2002, and full volume production commenced in 2003.

The T91 was designed with the capabilities of the People’s Liberation Army in mind, and is superior to the Type 81 assault rifle. It also has advantages over the QBZ-95,^[1] China's current standard issue assault rifle.

There are rumors that arms dealers had secretly inquired about the possibility of sales to certain militant groups in Southeast Asia, but were reportedly rejected by the Republic of China Ministry of National Defense (MND). The MND neither confirmed nor denied such rumors.^[2]

Design[]

T91 is a gas-operated short-stroke, air-cooled, rotating bolt, magazine- or drum-fed, select-fire, modularized military rifle compatible with various tactical accessories. Similar to the T86, the T91 is shorter than the T65K2 assault rifle, giving the operator higher mobility and ease of aiming in a confined space.

The T91 has a 4-position selector switch: S – safe, 1 – semi-automatic, 3 – three-round burst, and A – automatic. Like the T65K2, the T91 utilises an M16A2-style front post, rear peephole sight. The rear sight, mounted on the detachable handle, is adjustable for windage and elevation. Operation of the charging handle, magazine release, and bolt release are the same as the M16. One notable difference is that the T91 does not have a forward assist, and the brass deflector is not as pronounced.

The action of the T91 is based on the T65 series. However, parts are not interchangeable because the bolt lug on the T91 is shorter by 1mm. The T91 also inherits the modularized gas piston system from the T86, allowing easy removal for maintenance without the risk of losing small parts.

The telescoping stock on the T91 was designed based on the experience of military and police personnel with the M4 Carbine. The resulting product has improved recoil transfer and handling qualities. A rubber recoil pad is also added for comfort. The handguards are triangular in shape.

The T91 has a 416 mm (16.4 in) barrel with flash suppressor. Rate of rifling twist is 178 mm (7.0 in). Due to the use of a shorter barrel, the T91 has 20% more recoil than the T65K2. Average group size at 175 m (191.4 yd) also increased by 10 mm (0.39 in). The chamber and bore are chrome-lined and can fire 5.56×45mm NATO ammunition. Standard-issue 30-round magazines for the T91 feature indicator holes for the top 2-15 rounds as well as two protrusions on each side to avoid over-insertion. However, standard STANAG magazines may also be used.

Accessories[]

The T91 has a MIL-STD-1913 rail on the top of the receiver, handguard, and the front-sight block. The standard-issue detachable handle may be removed to accommodate a variety of optical sights and scopes. It can also be equipped with the T85 40mm grenade launcher to serve in a squad-level fire support role.

The Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology developed a T91 indoor shooting simulator for infantry marksmanship training. This equipment is capable of simulating various weather conditions, shooting distances, and wind states.

For training purposes, a paintball conversion kit is also provided.

Other attachments include red dot sights or holographic weapon sights similar to EOTech models.

Variants[]

The T91K3 features polygonal rifling which increases barrel life and improves accuracy.^[3] The 205th Arsenal and the National Defense University are jointly developing a nickel-boron finish for the bolt carriers, which would allow the weapon to fire about 10,500 rounds without any lubrication whatsoever.^[3]

List of variants[]

• T91 assault rifle
• T91 CQC: Barrel shortened from 406mm (16 inches) to 349mm (13.7 inches). Tactical rail and grip added to handguard.
• T91S: Barrel wall thickened to improve accuracy and extend shooting time. Lightweight handguard with tactical rail added in place of the original. New Magpul stock added.
• T91K1: Heavier barrel added. New handguard with tactical rail is added. UTG front grip bipod added. New Magpul MOE SL stock added.
• T91K2
• T91K3: New barrel added. Increases accuracy by 2.5 times and barrel life by 2 times.

Production and usage[]

In 2003, the Taiwanese Army ordered 101,162 T91 combat rifles as force-wide replacements of all service rifles, with a delivery schedule from 2004 to 2008. The total budget amount was NT$1,803 million (US$54.6 million), placing the unit price at about NT$17,800 (US$539). As of April 2006, nine Taiwanese Army armoured, mechanized infantry, and infantry brigades have fully converted to the T91.

In 2005, the Taiwanese Military Police ordered 12,069 T91 combat rifles to equip garrison units in the Taipei capital region. Delivery would span over the next three years.

Export sales of the T91 to Jordan and Kuwait have been officially confirmed. The Jordanian Defense Forces reportedly conducted comparison tests between several service rifles in a desert environment. The T91 was found to have reliability comparable to the AK-47, scoring better than the M16, thereby making it very dependable for desert conditions.

Indonesia procured as many as 10,000 T91 combat rifles from Taiwan to equip police and border patrol units.^{[citation needed]}

The UAE acquired T91 rifles after Sheikh Hamid bin Zayed Al Nahyan made a visit to Taiwan, and soon quantities of T91 were supplied to the UAE.

T91 uppers have also been exported to the United States through Wolf Performance Ammunition.^[4] When it was first released Wolf was reported to have sold more than a thousand uppers in one day.^[5]

Users[]

•  Bosnia and Herzegovina: 5,000 rifles^[6][7]
•  Haiti: 100 rifles^[8][9]
•  India: 1000 rifles^{[10] [11]}
•  Indonesia: 10000 rifles^[12]
•  Jordan: 20,000 rifles^[13]
•  Kuwait: 18,000 rifles^[14]
•  Taiwan: 240,000 rifles^{[citation needed]}
•  United Arab Emirates: 10,000 rifles^[15]

References[]

External links[]

• Modern Firearms - T65, T86 and T91 assault rifle (Taiwan)

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