Texas Hill Country
Texas Hill Country | |
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![]() View from Hill Country State Natural Area in Bandera County | |
![]() Map of Texas Hill Country | |
Location | Central Texas, United States |
Coordinates | 30°10′27″N 99°03′55″W / 30.17417°N 99.06528°WCoordinates: 30°10′27″N 99°03′55″W / 30.17417°N 99.06528°W |
Elevation | 980–2,460 ft (300–750 m) |
The Texas Hill Country is a geographic region of Central and South Texas, forming the southeast part of the Edwards Plateau. Given its location, climate, terrain, and vegetation, the Hill Country can be considered the border between the American Southeast and Southwest.[1] The region represents the very remote rural countryside of Central Texas but also is home to growing suburban neighborhoods and affluent retirement communities.[2]
The region is notable for its karst topography and tall rugged hills of limestone or granite.[1] Many of the hills rise to a height of 400–500 feet (120–150 m) above the surrounding plains and valleys, with Packsaddle Mountain rising to a height of 800 feet (240 m) above the Llano River in Kingsland.[3] The Hill Country also includes the Llano Uplift and the second-largest granite dome in the United States, Enchanted Rock. The terrain throughout the region is punctuated by a thin layer of topsoil and many exposed rocks and boulders, making the region very dry and prone to flash flooding. Native vegetation in the region includes various yucca, prickly pear cactus, desert spoon, and wildflowers in the Llano Uplift. The predominant trees in the region are ashe juniper and Texas live oak.[4]
Bound on the east by the Balcones Escarpment, the Hill Country reaches into the far northern portions of San Antonio and the western portions of Austin. As a result of springs discharging water stored in the Edwards Aquifer, several cities such as Austin, San Marcos, and New Braunfels were settled at the base of the Balcones Escarpment. The region's economy is one of the fastest growing in the United States.[5][6]
Counties included[]
According to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, the following 25 counties are included in the Hill Country Wildlife District:[7]
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History and politics[]
During the American Civil War, due to its large, pro-Union, German immigrant population, the Texas Hill Country was opposed to Texas seceding from the Union.[8] Subsequently, in the three quarters of a century following Reconstruction, the core of the Hill Country generally provided the solitary support base for the Republican Party in what became a one-party Democratic state.
Even when there were no Republicans in the Texas Legislature during the 1930s and 1940s, Gillespie and Kendall Counties backed every Republican Presidential nominee barring Herbert Hoover’s failed 1932 re-election campaign, and Republicans continued to control local government. Guadalupe and Comal Counties were less Republican, but still did not vote for Democratic nominees outside the 1912, 1932, 1936 and 1964 landslides. The region was also the only one in antebellum slave states to back the insurgent candidacy of Robert La Follette in 1924: in fact Comal was La Follette’s top county in the nation with 73.96 percent of the vote, and it and Gillespie were the only counties south of the Mason–Dixon line to give a plurality to his “Progressive” ticket.
Geography[]
Because of its karst topography, the area also features a number of caverns, such as Inner Space Caverns, Natural Bridge Caverns, Bracken Cave, Longhorn Cavern State Park, Cascade Caverns, Caverns of Sonora and Cave Without a Name. The deeper caverns of the area form several aquifers which serve as a source of drinking water for its residents. Wonder Cave in San Marcos was formed by an earthquake along the Balcones Fault. From East to west, Texas Hill Country is where the Southern United States ends and the Southwestern United States begins. [1]
Several tributaries of the Colorado River of Texas — including the Llano and Pedernales rivers, which cross the region west to east and join the Colorado as it cuts across the region to the southeast – drain a large portion of the Hill Country. The Guadalupe, San Antonio, Frio, Medina, and Nueces rivers originate in the Hill Country.
This region is a dividing line for certain species occurrence. For example, the California Fan Palm (Washingtonia filifera) is the only species of palm tree that is native to the continental United States west of the Hill Country's Balcones Fault.[9]
The region has hot summers, particularly in July and August, and even the nighttime temperatures remain high, as the elevation is modest despite the hilly terrain. Winter temperatures are sometimes[specify] as much as ten degrees cooler than in other parts of Texas to the east.[citation needed]
As seen from near Interstate 10
View of the Texas Hill Country, from Garner State Park, located in Uvalde County
Another scene from near Garner State Park
Windmill in the Hill Country
House atop hill in Texas Hill Country north of Bandera
A view of the Texas Hill Country from a rural road in Hays County
In popular culture[]
The area experiences a fusion of Spanish and German influences in food, beer, architecture, and music that form a distinctively "Texan" culture separate from the state's Southern and Southwestern influences.[1] For example, the accordion was popularized in Tejano music in the 19th century due to cultural exposure to German settlers. This cultural phenomenon has been illustrated in the animated series King of the Hill which further includes an episode (The Son that got away) which specifically showcases the caves of the karst topography (whereas in Harlottown a granite formation of the overlapping Hill Country is shown.
Devil's Backbone is an elevated, winding stretch of Ranch Road 12 between San Marcos and Wimberley, then Ranch Road 32 continuing through to Blanco. It has long been the subject of ghost stories.[10] Folklore about it appeared in a 1996 episode of NBC's Robert Stack anthology series Unsolved Mysteries, featuring apparitional Spanish monks, Comanche as well as Lipan Apache tribes, Confederate soldiers on their horses, and a spirit of a wolf. It later re-aired when this series was hosted by Dennis Farina.
The region has emerged as the center of the Texas wine industry.[citation needed] Three American Viticultural Areas are located in the areas: Texas Hill Country AVA, Fredericksburg in the Texas Hill Country AVA, and Bell Mountain AVA.
The Hill Country is also known for its tourism. In 2008, The New York Times listed the Hill Country in an article about North American vacation destinations.[11] Hill Country has also made Texas a popular retirement destination in the United States. The region has attracted Baby Boomers as they near retirement age.[12]
Frederick Day, a demographer with Texas State University, said that the Hill Country life-style reminds one of the small towns of the recent past. "Like old America . . . [the] cost of living is pretty low. To people who have spent their work life in Houston or Dallas, the Hill Country is very attractive."[12]
Notable people[]
Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Lance Armstrong | 1971 | — | Professional cyclist renowned for seven consecutive Tour de France wins after surviving cancer. He was stripped of his seven Tour de France titles over a doping controversy. Born in Plano but a long-time resident of Austin. |
Buffalo Hump | c 1800 | 1870 | War chief of the Penateka band of the Comanche |
Liz Carpenter | 1920 | 2010 | Journalist, author, political speech writer, humorist, public speaker, first female Vice President of University of Texas student body. One of the founders of National Women's Political Caucus and co-chair of ERAmerica, traveling the country to push for passage of the Equal Rights Amendment. Drafted President Johnson's Nov 22, 1963 speech to the American public after the assassination of John F. Kennedy. |
Jody Conradt | 1941 | — | Retired women's basketball head coach inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1998 & Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in 1999. Texas Women's Hall of Fame 1986. Born in Goldthwaite, Texas resides in Austin. First women's basketball collegiate coach to reach 700 career victories. Achieved 99% graduation rate for the students on her teams. |
1916 | 1976 | Humorist, proprietor of Fredericksburg-adjacent Luckenbach, where the town's motto is "Everybody's Somebody". Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson memorialized the small town in their song "Luckenbach, Texas/Back to the Basics of Love".[13][14] | |
Michael Dell | 1965 | — | Founder of Dell computers. Started company in Austin and still resides there. |
Shelley Duvall | 1949 | _ | Film Actress in "The Shining", "Popeye" and others. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/searching-for-shelley-duvall-the-reclusive-icon-on-fleeing-hollywood-and-the-scars-of-making-the-shining |
John Henry Faulk | 1913 | 1990 | Austin-based radio personality, author, playwright, folklorist, actor, lecturer, blacklisted during the 1950s |
Kinky Friedman | 1944 | — | American singer, songwriter, novelist, humorist, politician and columnist. Born in Chicago but grew up in Austin. Resides at Echo Hill Ranch near Kerrville. Founded Utopia Animal Rescue Ranch, also located near Kerrville. |
Fred Gipson | 1908 | 1973 | Novelist who authored Old Yeller, Savage Sam, and Hound Dog Man, lived in Mason |
Trey Hardee | 1984 | — | World Champion Decathlete and graduate of the University of Texas at Austin |
Harvey Hilderbran | 1960 | — | State Representative from the western Hill Country since 1989, a Republican from Kerrville |
Max Hirsch | 1880 | 1969 | National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame thoroughbred horse trainer |
Betty Holekamp | 1826 | 1902 | German Texas pioneer, also called the "Betsy Ross of Texas" |
Carl Hoppe | 1897 | 1981 | San Antonio artist who painted scenes of the Texas Hill Country |
J. Marvin Hunter | 1880 | 1957 | Born Loyal Valley author, journalist, and historian of the American West, founded Frontier Times magazine and in Bandera. |
Molly Ivins | 1944 | 2007 | Political author, journalist, humorist from Austin |
Lady Bird Johnson | 1912 | 2007 | Former First Lady of the United States, Graduate of University of Texas in Austin. Business woman and one-time owner of KTBC radio and television stations turned $17,500 investment into more than $150 million. She bankrolled her husband's initial political career, buried in Stonewall, Texas next to husband Lyndon B. Johnson. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center is named for her decades-long project to beautify America's landscapes |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1908 | 1973 | Former President of the United States, born and raised in Stonewall, Texas. |
Tommy Lee Jones | 1946 | — | Actor, born in San Saba. |
Robert Earl Keen | 1956 | — | Country singer-songwriter, former resident of Bandera, Texas and current resident of Kerrville, Texas |
1944 | — | Actor, humorist, one-time owner of Luckenbach, Texas, Fredericksburg businessman, nephew of John Henry Faulk.[15][16]|- | |
Ben Kweller | 1981 | — | Recording artist, singer-songwriter, and actor. Originally from Greenville, TX now resides in Dripping Springs, TX. |
Herman Lehmann | 1859 | 1932 | Apache captive and then Comanche adoptee (adopted son of Chief Quanah Parker), native of Loyal Valley, 1927 autobiography, Nine Years Among the Indians |
Hermann Lungkwitz | 1813 | 1891 | Romantic landscape artist and photographer, noted for first pictoral records of the Texas Hill Country |
Gerald Lyda | 1923 | 2005 | General contractor and cattle rancher, born and raised in the Hill Country community of Marble Falls |
Johnny Manziel | 1992 | — | The first freshman to win Heisman trophy and quarterback for the Texas A&M University Aggies, from Kerrville |
Matthew McConaughey | 1969 | — | Model/Actor, raised in Uvalde, Texas attended The University of Texas at Austin |
John O. Meusebach | 1812 | 1897 | Founder of Fredericksburg negotiated 1847 Meusebach-Comanche Treaty (unbroken to this date) with Comanche chiefs Buffalo Hump, Santa Anna, Old Owl. Oversaw development of New Braunfels. Elected Texas State Senator for Bexar, Comal and Medina Counties. Buried Marschall-Meusebach Cemetery in Loyal Valley |
Willie Nelson | 1933 | — | American country singer-songwriter, author, poet, actor and activist. Austin resident |
Elisabet Ney | 1833 | 1907 | Sculptor, art pioneer, works can be found in the Smithsonian American Art Museum, Texas State Capitol, U.S. Capitol |
1820 | 1891 | Texas Ranger, Frontier Battalion, Indian Scout, author, Now You Hear My Horn. Buried Kerrville.[17][18] | |
Chester W. Nimitz | 1885 | 1966 | Commander of U.S. Naval forces in the Pacific during World War II was from Fredericksburg, Texas and Kerrville, Texas |
Old Owl | c 1795 | 1849 | Civil Chief of the Penateka band of the Comanche Indians |
Alfred P.C. Petsch | 1887 | 1981 | Lawyer, legislator, civic leader, and philanthropist. Served in the Texas House of Representatives 1925–1941. Veteran of both World War I and World War II.[19] |
Ann Richards | 1933 | 2006 | Governor of Texas (1991–1995). Resided in Austin. |
1933 | 2011 | Singer, songwriter, actor, stuntman from Bandera | |
Andy Roddick | 1982 | — | Former professional tennis player who resides in Austin. |
Santa Anna | c 1795 | 1849 | War Chief of the Penateka band of the Comanche Indians |
1917 | 2011 | Teacher, radio and TV broadcaster, professor of communications. A long-time Austin resident, he was instrumental in founding PBS and an USAID consultant.[20] | |
1838 | 1927 | Businessman, banker, rancher, landholder, philanthropist in Kerrville[21] | |
Charles Schreiner, III | 1927 | 2001 | Rancher and businessman from Kerr County, who worked to preserve the Texas Longhorn cattle from extinction[22] |
Juan Nepomuceno Seguín | 1806 | 1890 | Served on both sides during the Texas Revolution. Fought with Sam Houston and organized a Tejano rear guard. 1834 Territorial Governor of Texas, 1841 Mayor of San Antonio. Suspicions of his loyalty caused him to flee to Mexico in 1842. Served with Mexico's General Adrian Woll and participated in Woll's 1842 invasion of Texas. Seguin, Texas named in his honor.[18][23][24] |
Sixpence None the Richer | 1992 | — | An alternative rock band prominent in the late 1990s with their song "Kiss Me" |
Frank Van der Stucken | 1858 | 1929 | Music composer, conductor[25] |
Stevie Ray Vaughan | 1954 | 1990 | Blues guitar player resided in Austin. |
See also[]
- Adelsverein
- Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge
- Cherry Springs Dance Hall
- German Texan
- List of geographical regions in Texas
- Mount Bonnell
- Revolutions of 1848
- Enchanted Rock
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Jordan, Terry G. "Hill Country". Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved November 7, 2009.
- ^ Dizik, Alina (June 8, 2018). "In Texas Hill Country, a Land Rush for the Rich". Retrieved October 22, 2020.
- ^ Google Earth Terrain Data
- ^ Lehman, Roy L.; Ruth O'Brien; Tammy White (2005). Plants of the Texas Coastal Bend. Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-1-58544-408-3.
- ^ "America's Next Great Metropolis Is Taking Shape In Texas". Forbes. October 13, 2016. Retrieved October 17, 2016.
- ^ "The City of the Eternal Boom". TexasMonthly.com. February 24, 2016. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
- ^ Texas Parks and Wildlife. "Hill Country Wildlife Management". Land & Water: Habitats. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
- ^ ‘6 Unionist Strongholds in the South during the Civil War’
- ^ Hogan, C. Michael (January 5, 2009). Nicklas Stromberg (ed.). "California Fan Palm: Washingtonia filifera". GlobalTwitcher.com. Archived from the original on September 30, 2009. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
- ^ "Texas scenic drive, Devil's Backbone, RR 32". www.texasescapes.com. Retrieved September 24, 2018.
- ^ "31 Places to Go This Summer". New York Times. June 1, 2008. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Bobbi Gage, "Baby boomers being drawn to Hill Country", Llano County Journal, July 2, 2008, pp. 1, 7A
- ^ Patterson, Becky Crouch. "Crouch, John Russell (Hondo)". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved November 13, 2010.
- ^ "History of Luckenbach". Luckenbach, Texas. Retrieved November 13, 2010.
- ^ "Koock, Guich Bio". IMDb. Retrieved November 13, 2010.
- ^ Hallowell, John. "Guich Koock". Texas Hill Country Magazine (Fall 2009).
- ^ Schellenberg, Cynthia. "Nichols, James Wilson". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved November 13, 2010.
- ^ Jump up to: a b McKeehan, Wallace L. "The Battle of Salado The Journal of James Wilson Nichols 1820–1887". Sons of DeWitt Colony Texas. Retrieved November 13, 2010.
- ^ Watkins, Melanie. "Petsch, Alfred PC". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved November 17, 2010.
- ^ "Robert F. "Bob" Schenkkan's Obituary on Austin American-Statesman". Legacy.com. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
- ^ Hollon, W. Eugene. "TSHA: Schreiner, Charles Armand". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
- ^ Douglas Martin (April 29, 2001). "Charles Schreiner III, 74, Dies; Colorful Texas Rancher Fought to Save Longhorn". New York Times. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
- ^ de la Teja, Jesús F. "Seguin, Juan Nepomuceno". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved November 13, 2010.
- ^ "Col. Juan N. Seguin". Seguin Descendants Historical Preservation. Archived from the original on October 24, 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2010.
- ^ Wolz, Larry. "Van Der Stucken, Frank Valentine". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved November 17, 2010.
External links[]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Texas Hill Country. |
- Texas Hill Country
- Regions of Texas
- Hill lands
- German-American history
- Geography of Bandera County, Texas
- Geography of Bell County, Texas
- Geography of Blanco County, Texas
- Geography of Burnet County, Texas
- Geography of Comal County, Texas
- Geography of Coryell County, Texas
- Geography of Crockett County, Texas
- Geography of Edwards County, Texas
- Geography of Gillespie County, Texas
- Geography of Hays County, Texas
- Geography of Kendall County, Texas
- Geography of Kerr County, Texas
- Geography of Kimble County, Texas
- Geography of Lampasas County, Texas
- Geography of Llano County, Texas
- Geography of Mason County, Texas
- Geography of McCulloch County, Texas
- Geography of Menard County, Texas
- Geography of Real County, Texas
- Geography of San Saba County, Texas
- Geography of Schleicher County, Texas
- Geography of Sutton County, Texas
- Geography of Travis County, Texas
- Geography of Val Verde County, Texas
- Geography of Williamson County, Texas