Thermoanaerobacterales

Thermoanaerobacterales
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Division:	Firmicutes
Class:	Clostridia Rainey 2010
Order:	Thermoanaerobacterales Wiegel 2010
Families and genera
	Thermoanaerobacteraceae Wiegel 2010 Ammonifex Huber and Stetter 1996 emend. Miroshnichenko et al. 2008; Brockia Perevalova et al. 2013; Caldanaerobacter Fardeau et al. 2004; Caldanaerobius Lee et al. 2008; Yoneda et al. 2013; Caloribacterium Slobodkina et al. 2012; Carboxydothermus Svetlichny et al. 1991 emend. Novikov et al. 2011; Frolov et al. 2018; Desulfovirgula Kaksonen et al. 2007; Ogg and Patel 2009; Gelria Plugge et al. 2002; Moorella Collins et al. 1994; Tepidanaerobacter Sekiguchi et al. 2006; Hattori et al. 2000; Thermanaeromonas Mori et al. 2002; Thermoanaerobacter Wiegel and Ljungdahl 1982 emend. Lee et al. 2007; Slobodkina et al. 2017; ; Thermodesulfobiaceae Mori et al. 2004 Thermodesulfobium Mori et al. 2004; ; Thermoanaerobacterales Family III. Incertae Sedis Caldanaerovirga Wagner et al. 2009; Caldicellulosiruptor Rainey et al. 1995 emend. Onyenwoke et al. 2006; Westerholm et al. 2011; Lee et al. 1993 emend. Cann et al. 2001; Lee et al. 2006; Zavarzina et al. 2002; Mäkinen et al. 2012; ; Thermoanaerobacterales Family IV. Incertae Sedis Mahella Bonilla Salinas et al. 2004; ;

The Thermoanaerobacterales is a polyphyletic order of bacteria placed within the polyphyletic class Clostridia, and encompassing four families: the Thermoanaerobacteraceae, the Thermodesulfobiaceae, the Thermoanaerobacterales Family III. Incertae Sedis, and the Thermoanaerobacterales Family IV. Incertae Sedis, and various unplaced genera.^[1]

This order is noted for the species' abilities to survive in extreme environments without oxygen and of relatively elevated temperatures for a living being (up to 80-90 °C). An example organism in this order is Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus.^[2]

Phylogeny[]

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)^[3] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)^[1] and the phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA-based LTP release 111 by The All-Species Living Tree Project.^[4]

The Thermoanaerobacterales, as previously mentioned, is polyphyletic, and consists of over six morphologically and physiologically similar clades:

♠ Katkocin et al. 1985
Gelria
Caldicellulosiruptor
Kaksonen et al. 2007
Thermanaeromonas toyohensis Mori et al. 2002
Thermodesulfobiaceae
Thermoanaerobacteraceae
Thermoanaerobacterales Unnamed clade I [incl. ]

Tepidanaerobacter

	?T. acetatoxydans ♠ Westerholm et al. 2011

	T. syntrophicus Sekiguchi et al. 2006 (type sp.)

	Ogg et al. 2010

	Zavarzina et al. 2002 (type sp.)

	Lee et al. 2006

	Lee et al. 2006 (type sp.)

Ogg and Patel 2009

	Wagner et al. 2009

	Mäkinen et al. 2012

Thermoanaerobacterales Unnamed clade II

Moorella

?M. perchloratireducens ♠ Balk et al. 2008

	M. thermoacetica (Fontaine et al. 1942) Collins et al. 1994 (type sp.)

	M. thermoautotrophica (Wiegel et al. 1982) Collins et al. 1994

M. humiferrea Nepomnyashchaya et al. 2012

	M. glycerini Slobodkin et al. 1997

	M. mulderi Balk et al. 2005

	Syntrophaceticus schinkii Westerholm et al. 2011

	Thermacetogenium phaeum Hattori et al. 2000

Carboxydothermus

C. pertinax Yoneda et al. 2012

C. islandicus Novikov et al. 2011

C. siderophilus Slepova et al. 2009

	C. ferrireducens (Slobodkin et al. 1997) Slobodkin et al. 2006

	C. hydrogenoformans Svetlichny et al. 1991 (type sp.)

Thermoanaerobacterales Unnamed clade III [incl. Thermohydrogenium]

Bonilla Salinas et al. 2004

Caldanaerobius

C. fijiensis Lee et al. 2008 (type sp.)

	C. polysaccharolyticus (Cann et al. 2001) Lee et al. 2008

	C. zeae (Cann et al. 2001) Lee et al. 2008

Slobodkina et al. 2012

? ♠ Stroot et al. 2002

? ♠ Orlygsson & Baldursson 2006

	T. aotearoense Liu et al. 1996

	Romano et al. 2011

	T. thermosaccharolyticum (McClung 1935) Collins et al. 1994

	Zacharova et al. 1996

Kublanov et al. 2007

Lee et al. 1993

	(Schink and Zeikus 1983) Lee et al. 1993 (type sp.)

	Lee et al. 1993

Notes:
♣ International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology or International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (IJSB/IJSEM) published species that are in press.
♠ Strains found at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) but not listed in the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN).

References[]

^ ^a ^b Sayers; et al. "Thermoanaerobacterales". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
^ C.Michael Hogan. 2010. Extremophile. eds. E.Monosson & C.Cleveland, Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment, Washington DC.
^ J.P. Euzéby. "Thermoanaerobacterales". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2 March 2019.
^ All-Species Living Tree Project."16S rRNA-based LTP release 111 (full tree)" (PDF). Silva Comprehensive Ribosomal RNA Database. Retrieved 20 March 2013.

[ncbi-1] Sayers; et al. "Thermoanaerobacterales". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2 March 2019.

[2] C.Michael Hogan. 2010. Extremophile. eds. E.Monosson & C.Cleveland, Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment, Washington DC.

[3] J.P. Euzéby. "Thermoanaerobacterales". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2 March 2019.

[4] All-Species Living Tree Project."16S rRNA-based LTP release 111 (full tree)" (PDF). Silva Comprehensive Ribosomal RNA Database. Retrieved 20 March 2013.

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