Wikipedia list article
This article lists the orders of the Bacteria . The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[1] National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[2] The All-Species Living Tree Project .[3]
Phylogeny [ ] National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy was initially used to decorate the genome tree via tax2tree. The 16S rRNA-based taxonomy is used to supplement the taxonomy particularly in regions of the tree with no cultured representatives. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is used as the primary taxonomic authority for establishing naming priorities. Taxonomic ranks are normalised using phylorank and the taxonomy manually curated to remove polyphyletic groups.[4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
Cladogram was taken from [9] [10] [11]
"Proteobacteria "
""
{Desulfobacterota G}
"" {SZUA-79: SZUA-79}
""
"Chrysiogenota "
"Deferribacterota "
Phylogeny of Chloroflexota[9] [10] [11]
Ktedonobacteria
"Dehalococcoidotia"
Dehalococcoidales
Dehalococcoidia
"Caldilineotia"
"Caldilineidae"
"Anaerolineidae"
Anaerolineae
"Chloroflexotia"
Chloroflexia
Class ?"Bathosphaeria"
"" Mehrshad et al. 2018 [DTDB tag: JG30-KF-CM66]
Class ?"Limnocylindria"
"" Mehrshad et al. 2018 (SL56)
Class ?"Umbricyclopia"
"" Mehrshad et al. 2018 (TK10)
Class Ktedobacteria
corrig. Cavaletti et al. 2007 (Thermogemmatisporales)
Class Dehalococcoidia
Dehalococcoidales Löffler et al. 2013 Kochetkova et al. 2020
Class
? Nakahara et al. 2019
Yamada et al. 2006
Kawaichi et al. 2013
Yamada et al. 2006
""
Dodsworth et al. 2014
Class Chloroflexia
Phylum "Deinococcota " [ ] "Deinococcia "
Deinococcales Rainey et al. 1997 (Thermales ) (radio-resistant micrococci)
Phylogeny of Actinomycetota[9] [10] [11]
Rubrobacteria
Rubrobacterales
Thermoleophilia
Gaiellales
Thermoleophilales
Acidimicrobiia
Actinomycetia
Nitriliruptoridae
Euzebyales
Nitriliruptorales
Actinobacteridae
""
Sporichthyales
Streptomycetales
?"" Merino et al. 2020
Class ?"" corrig. Liu et al. 2020
Class Coriobacteriia
Class Rubrobacteria
Rubrobacterales Rainey et al. 1997
Class Thermoleophilia
?"" Li et al. 2021
Gaiellales Albuquerque et al. 2012 Thermoleophilales Reddy & Garcia-Pichel 2009 (Solirubrobacterales )
Class Acidimicrobiia
Acidimicrobiales Stackebrandt, Rainey & Ward-Rainey 1997 "" Ghai et al. 2013
Class "Actinomycetia "
Acidothermales Sen et al. 2014 Actinomycetales Buchanan 1917 (Bifidobacteriales ; Micrococcales ; Kineosporiales )Euzebyales Kurahashi et al. 2010 (Egibacterales )Jiangellales Tang et al. 2015 Motilibacterales Salam et al. 2020 Mycobacteriales Janke 1924 (Corynebacteriales ; Actinoplanales; Actinocatenisporales; Antricoccales; Cryptosporangiales; Frankiales ; Geodermatophilales ; Glycomycetales ; Jatrophihabitantales; Micromonosporales ; Nakamurellales ; Phytomonosporales; Pseudonocardiales )"" Neuenschwander et al. 2018
Nitriliruptorales Sorokin et al. 2009 (Egicoccales )Propionibacteriales Patrick & McDowell 2015 Sporichthyales Nouioui et al. 2018 Streptomycetales Kampfer 2015 (Catenulisporales )Streptosporangiales Goodfellow 2015 Firmicutes incertae sedis [ ] "" Sakamoto et al. 2021
Class Neupane et al. 2020
Class Thermolithobacteria Sokolova et al. 2007
Phylogeny of Armatimonadota[9] [10] [11]
Abditibacteriia
Fimbriimonadia
Chthonomonadetes
Armatimonadia
Class (FBP)
Class
Class
Class (OP10)
Tamaki et al. 2011
Li, Kudo & Tonouchi 2018 Phylum [ ]
Phylogeny of Eremiobacterota[9] [10] [11]
"Xenobia"
""
"Eremiobacteriia"
Class "Xenobia" [GTDB tag: UBP9]
Class "" (WPS2)
Phylum Firmicutes E [ ]
Phylogeny of Firmicutes E[9] [10] [11]
"Thermaerobacteria"
""
"Symbiobacteriia"
""
"Sulfobacillia"
""
Class "Thermaerobacteria"
Class "Sulfobacillia"
Class "Symbiobacteriia"
Phylum Firmicutes G [ ] Liu et al. 2014 Class Watanabe, Kojima & Fukui 2015
Watanabe, Kojima & Fukui 2015 Class "" Cavalier-Smith 2020
Phylum "" [ ]
Phylogeny of Desulfotomaculota[9] [10] [11]
"Dehalobacteriia"
""
"Peptococcia"
"Desulfitobacteriia"
"Moorellia"
"Syntrophomonadia"
"Thermincolia"
"Desulfotomaculia"
Class "Dehalobacteriia"
Class "Peptococcia"
""
corrig. Hamilton-Brehm et al. 2021
Class "Desulfitobacteriia"
""
"" Cavalier-Smith 2020
Class "Moorellia"
Class "Syntrophomonadia"
Class "Thermincolia"
Class "Desulfotomaculia" Watanabe, Fukui & Kuever 2020
""
""
"" Watanabe, Fukui & Kuever 2020 Class Negativicutes Marchandin et al. 2010
Campbell, Adeolu & Gupta 2015
""
Selenomonadales Marchandin et al. 2010 "" Cavalier-Smith 2006
Campbell, Adeolu & Gupta 2015 Phylum Firmicutes A [ ] Class "Thermosediminibacteria"
Class "Thermoanaerobacteria"
Class "Mahellia"
""
""
Class Clostridiia Rainey 2010 em. Cavalier-Smith 2020
Clostridiales Prevot 1953 s.s. Buchanan 1917
""
""
""
""
Zhang et al. 2018b ""
""
Alauzet et al. 2020 Phylum Firmicutes D [ ] Class "Proteinivoracia"
Class "Dethiobacteria"
Class "Natranaerobiia"
Class "Alicyclobacillia" [Firmicutes K]
Class "Desulfuribacillia" [Firmicutes J]
Class "Bacillia " Cavalier-Smith 2020
Clade DSM-22653
""
Bacillales B
Bacillales C
Bacillales D
Bacillales E
Bacillales G
Bacillales H
Bacillales Prevot 1953 s.s. ""
""
""
Peshkoff 1939 [Bacillales A]
"Erysipelotrichidae " corrig. Cavalier-Smith 2020
Turicibacteraceae Verbarg et al. 2020 Haloplasmatales Rainey et al. 2008 ""
Acholeplasmatales Freundt et al. 1984 (Anaeroplasmatales )Erysipelotrichales Ludwig et al. 2010 Mycoplasmatales Freundt 1955 (Entomoplasmatales )
""
Lactobacillales Ludwig, Schleifer & Whitman 2010 ""
""
""
""
""
"" Clade Cyanoprokaryota [ ] Phylum [ ] Class "" Carnevali et al. 2018
Class "" Carnevali et al. 2019 [GTDB tag: GWF2_35_9]
Class "" Carnevali et al. 2019
Class "" Utami et al. 2019
"Termititenacales" Utami et al. 2019 Class "" Soo et al. 2017 [incl. "Blackallbacteria" (GTDB tag: UBA7694)]
Class "Melainabacteria " Soo et al. 2014
"" Soo et al. 2014
"" Soo et al. 2014
"" Soo et al. 2014
"" Soo et al. 2015
Class Gloeobacteria
Gloeobacterales Cavalier-Smith 2002
Class
Clade Candidate Phyla Radiation [ ] Phylum "" [ ] Class "Elulimicrobia" Rodriguez-R et al. 2020
"" Rodriguez-R et al. 2020 Phylum "Patescibacteria " [ ]
Phylogeny of Microgenomatia
"Woykebacterales"
"Curtissbacterales"
"Daviesbacterales"
"Roizmanbacterales" (UBA1406)
"Gottesmanbacterales" (UBA10105)
"Levybacterales"
"Shapirobacterales" (UBA12405)
GWA2-44-7
UBA1400
Phylogeny of Gracilibacteria
"Absconditabacterales"
"Gracilibacterales" (BD1-5)
"Abawacabacterales" (RBG-16-42-10)
"Peregrinibacterales" (UBA1369)
"Fertabacterales" (UBA4473)
"Peribacterales"
Phylogeny of ABY1
"Kerfeldbacterales" (SBBC01)
"Jacksonbacterales" (UBA9629)
"Kuenenbacterales" (UBA2196)
"Veblenbacterales"
"Komeilibacterales" (UBA1558)
"Falkowbacterales" (BM507)
"Buchananbacterales"
"Uhrbacterales" (GWA2-46-9)
"Magasanikbacterales"
Phylogeny of Paceibacteria
"Moranbacterales"
UBA9983_A
UBA6257
"Portnoybacterales"
"Parcunitrobacterales" (GWA2-38-13b)
"Paceibacterales"
"Azambacterales" (UBA10092)
"Terrybacterales"
"Yanofskybacterales" (2-02-FULL-40-12)
"Spechtbacterales"
"Sungbacterales"
"Ryanbacterales"
"Tagabacterales"
"WO2-41-13"
Class "Wirthbacteria "
Class "" (WS6)
Class "Katanobacteria " (WWE3)
Class ""
Clade GWA2-44-7
Clade UBA1400
"Curtissbacterales"
"Daviesbacterales"
"Gottesmanbacterales"
"Levybacterales"
"Roizmanbacterales"
"Shapirobacterales"
"Woykebacterales" (RIF34)
Class "Gracilibacteria "
"Abawacabacterales" (RIF46)
"Absconditabacterales" (SR1)
"Gracilibacterales" (GN02)
"Fertabacterales" (DOLZORAL124_38_8)
"Peregrinibacterales" (PER)
"Peribacterales"
Class "Berkelbacteria " (ACD58)
Class "" (Kazan)
Class "" (CPR2)
Class "" (TM7)
Class "" (RIF9)
Class "" (SM2F11)
Class ""
Class "ABY1"
?"Brownbacterales"
"Buchananbacterales" (RIF37)
"Falkowbacterales"
"Jacksonbacterales" (RIF38)
"Kerfeldbacterales" (RIF4)
"Komeilibacterales" (RIF6)
"Kuenenbacterales"
"Magasanikbacterales"
"Uhrbacterales"
"Veblenbacterales" (RIF39)
Class ""
"Azambacterales"
Clade "WO2-41-13" (RIF11)
Clade UBA6257
Clade UBA9983_A
"Moranbacterales" (OD1-i)
"Paceibacterales"
"Parcunitrobacterales"
"Portnoybacterales" (RIF22)
"Ryanbacterales" (RIF10)
"Spechtbacterales" (RIF19)
"Sungbacterales" (RIF17)
"Tagabacterales" (RIF12)
"Terrybacterales" (RIF13)
"Yanofskybacterales" Clade "Thermotogida" [ ] Class Synergistia
Synergistales Jumas-Bilak et al. 2009 Phylum "Dictyoglomota " [ ] Class Dictyoglomia
Dictyoglomales Patel 2012 Phylum "" [ ] Class Caldisericia (OP5)
Caldisericales Mori et al. 2009
Class ""
Phylum "" [ ] Phylum "" [ ] Phylum "" [ ] Class ""
"" (KB1 group, OP1)
"" [GTDB tag: RIF31; RBG-16-55-9] Class Thermotogae
Itoh et al. 2016
Bhandari & Gupta 2014 ()
Thermotogales Reysenbach 2002 emend. Bhandari & Gupta 2014 Hydrobacteria [ ] Clade 1 [ ] Phylum Spirochaetota [ ]
Phylogeny of Spirochaetota[9] [10] [11]
"Leptospirae"
"Leptospiria"
"Euspirochaetae"
Brevinematales
Brachyspirales
Spirochaetia
Class
Leptospirales Gupta et al. 2014 ""
Class ""
Brevinematales Gupta et al. 2014
Class ""
Brachyspirales corrig. Gupta et al. 2014
Class Spirochaetia
Clade 2 [ ] Class "" Podell et al. 2019
Class "" Podell et al. 2019 Phylum "" [ ] Phylum "" [ ] Class "Aerophobia " (CD12)
Clade "Fusobacterida" [ ] Phylum "" [ ] Phylum "" [ ] Phylum "" [ ] Class "" Kadnikov et al. 2018
Phylum "" [ ] Phylum "" [ ] Class "" Wiegand et al. 2019
Phylogeny of Planctomycetota[9] [10] [11]
"Brocadiae"
"Brocadiales "
Class
Class
Cho et al. 2004
Cho et al. 2004
Class
Class
Class ""
"" Sangwan et al. 2004 ()
Opitutales Choo et al. 2007 ()""
"" Op den Camp 2009
Ward-Rainey et al. 1996 em. Yoon et al. 2008 Clade FCB group [ ] (Candidate phylum SAR406; candidate phylum Marine Group A)
Phylum "" [ ] Class "Mcinerneyibacteria" Yadav et al. 2020
Phylum "" [ ] Class "" (WOR-3)
Class "Hydrothermia" Chuvochina et al. 2019
"" Chuvochina et al. 2019 (EM3)
LBFQ01 ["Pyropristinus" Colman et al. 2016 ] Class "Fermentibacteria " Kirkegaard 2016 ("Aegiribacteria")
"" Kirkegaard 2016 (Hyd24-12) Phylum "" [ ] Class "" (RIF7)
Class Chitinivibrionia
Chitinivibrionales Sorokin et al. 2014 ("Chitinispirillales ")
Class Fibrobacteria
Phylum "" [ ] Phylum "" [ ] Class "" corrig. Youssef et al. 2019
"Delphibacterales " (DOLZORAL124_64_63; LZORAL124-64-63)
"" Youssef et al. 2019 (UBP1) Phylum "Gemmatimonadota " [ ] Class "" (RIF5)
Class Gemmatimonadetes Zhang et al. 2003
Zhang et al. 2003
Pascual et al. 2016 Phylum "" [ ] Phylum "Calditrichaeota " [ ] Class "Calditrichia" Cavalier-Smith 2020
Calditrichales Kublanov et al. 2020
Phylogeny of Bacteroidota[9] [10] [11]
"Kapabacteria"
"Kryptonia"
Ignavibacteriia
Ignavibacteriales
Class "" (OPB56)
Class "Kryptonia "
Class Ignavibacteria
Ignavibacteriales Iino et al. 2010
Class "Chlorobia "
Chlorobiales Gibbons & Murray 1978
Class Rhodothermia
Class Bacteroidia
Phylum Nitrospirota_A [ ] Phylum "" [ ] Class "Babeliae" Yeoh et al. 2016 (TM6)
Phylum Desulfobacterota G [ ] Phylum SZUA-79 [ ] Class SZUA-79
"" corrig. Tan et al. 2019 Phylum "Thermosulfidibacteraeota" [ ] Class "Thermosulfidibacteria"
Phylum "Chrysiogenetota" [ ] Class Chrysiogenetes Garrity & Holt 2002
Chrysiogenales Garrity & Holt 2002 Phylum "Deferribacterota" [ ] Class Deferribacteres Huber & Stetter 2002 em. Jumas-Bilak et al. 2009
Deferribacterales Huber & Stetter 2002 Class "Desulfurobacteriia"
Class "Aquificia "
Aquificales Reysenbach 2002 emend. Gupta & Lali 2013 "" Phylum "Campylobacterota" [ ] Class Desulfurellia
Desulfurellales Kuever, Rainey & Widdel 2006
Class "Campylobacteria"
Campylobacterales Garrity, Bell & Lilburn 2006 Nautiliales Miroshnichenko et al. 2004 Class "" (RIF25)
Class "" Tschoeke et al. 2020
Class Dedysh & Yilmaz 2018
Class
Fukunaga et al. 2008
Holophagales Fukunaga et al. 2008 Dedysh & Yilmaz 2018
Class ""
"" Kadnikov et al. 2019 (OP8)
Class Dedysh & Yilmaz 2018
Class Blastocatellia Pascual et al. 2016
Class Acidobacteria
Acidobacteriales Cavalier-Smith 2002 "" Epihov et al. 2021
Dedysh & Yilmaz 2018 Class "" Sekiguchi et al. 2015 (KSB3)
Phylum "" [ ] Class "" Hug et al. 2016 (CSP1-6)
Class ""
Phylum "" [ ] Class "" Lucker et al. 2013
Class "" Umezawa et al. 2021
Class "Nitrospiria Oren et al. 2015
"Nitrospirales " Garrity & Holt 2001 Phylum "" [ ] Class "Deferrisomatia " Waite et al. 2020
Deferrisomatales Waite et al. 2020 Phylum "Desulfobacterota " [ ] ?"" Murphy et al. 2021
?"" Murphy et al. 2021
Class Waite et al. 2020
Class Syntrophia Waite et al. 2020
Syntrophales Waite et al. 2020
Class Desulfomonilia Waite et al. 2020
Desulfomonilales Waite et al. 2020
Class Waite et al. 2020
Class Hatchikian, Ollivier & Garcia 2002 em. Cavalier-Smith 2020
Thermodesulfobacteriales Hatchikian, Ollivier & Garcia 2002
Class Waite et al. 2020
Class Desulfovibrionia Waite et al. 2020
Class Waite et al. 2020
Class Waite et al. 2020
corrig. Kuever, Rainey & Widdel 2006
Class Waite et al. 2020
"" Waite et al. 2020
Waite et al. 2020
Class Syntrophobacteria Waite et al. 2020
Class Waite et al. 2020
Phylum "Bdellovibrionota " [ ] Class Oligoflexia Nakai et al. 2014
Class Bacteriovoracia Waite et al. 2020
Bacteriovoracales Hahn et al. 2017
Class Bdellovibrionia Waite et al. 2020
Phylum "" [ ] Class "" Chuvochina et al. 2019
"" Chuvochina et al. 2019 Phylum "Myxococcota " [ ] Class ""
Class Waite et al. 2020
Waite et al. 2020
Tchan, Pochon & Prevot 1948
Class Myxococcia Waite et al. 2020
Myxococcales (fruiting gliding bacteria) Phylum SAR324 [ ] Class Anantharaman et al. 2016
Phylogeny of Rickettsiidae
Phylogeny of Rhodobacteriae
Phylogeny of Caulobacteridae
""
""
Minwuiales
Sneathiellales
Phylogeny of Pseudomonadidae
Class "" Parks et al. 2018
Class "" Cavalier-Smith 2020 ["Zetaproteobacteria"]
Mariprofundales Makita et al. 2017
Class Alphaproteobacteria
Sublass Ferla et al. 2013
Clade 1604HC
"" Castelli et al. 2019 {Rickettsiales_A}
Holosporales Szokoli et al. 2016 Rickettsiales Gieszczykiewicz 1939 emend. Dumler et al. 2001
Sublass Rhodobacteriae
Sublass Caulobacteridae Ferla et al. 2013
Clade UBA8366
""
""
""
Caulobacterales Henrici & Johnson 1935 (Hyphomonadales ; Maricaulales ; Parvularculales )""
""
""
""
Hyphomicrobiales Douglas 1957 (Rhizobiales )Kiloniellales Wiese et al. 2009 Micropepsales Harbison et al. 2016 ""
Minwuiales Sun et al. 2018 ""
""
""
""
Rhodospirillales Pfennig & Truper 1971 Sphingomonadales Yabuuchi & Kosako 2006 (Emcibacterales ; Iodidimonadales ; Kordiimonadales ; Rhodothalassiales )Sneathiellales Kurahashi et al. 2008 Stellaceae Hördt et al. 2020 {ATCC43930}Jean et al. 2016 {CACIAM-22H2: CACIAM-22H2}""
""
""
Class Gammaproteobacteria
?"" Weiss et al. 2007
?"" Kwon et al. 2005c
""
Subclass "" Cavalier-Smith 2020
Subclass "" Cavalier-Smith 2020 (Betaproteobacteria )
Subclass "" Cavalier-Smith 2020
Clade SZUA-21
Acidiferrobacterales Kojima, Shinohara & Fukui 2015 Aquicella Santos et al. 2004 {DSM-16500: DSM-16500} Teramoto, Yagyu & Nishijima 2015
Buchanan 1957
""
Cardiobacteriales Garrity, Bell & Lilburn 2005 Chromatiales Imhoff 2005 ""
""
""
""
Enterobacteriaceae _AEnterobacterales Adeolu et al. 2016 (Aeromonadales ; Alteromonadales ; ; Orbales ; Pasteurellales ; Vibrionales )""
""
""
""
""
Corteselli, Aitken & Singleton 2017
Inmirania Slobodkina et al. 2016 {DSM-100275: DSM-100275}Legionellales Garrity, Bell & Lilburn 2005 Methylococcales Bowman 2005 "Ca. " Karthikeyan et al. 2019 {UBA5335: UBA5335}
Naushad et al. 2015 ("")
""
""
Knobloch et al. 2019 {HP12: HP12}""
""
Pseudomonadales Orla-Jensen 1921 (Cellvibrionales ; ; Oceanospirillales )""
""
Thioalbus Park et al. 2011 {DSM-26407: DSM-26407}"" {PS1}
""
""
""
""
Thiotrichales Garrity, Bell & Lilburn 2005 ""
Xanthomonadales Saddler & Bradbury 2005 non Chadefaud 1950a () List of Candidate Phyla [ ] ""
"" Rinke et al. 2013 (OctSpa1-106)
"" Probst et al. 2018
"" Tazi et al. 2006
"" Dojka 1998 (WS1) See also [ ] References [ ]
^ J.P. Euzéby. "Bacteria" . List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2021-06-27 . ^ Sayers; et al. "Bacteria" . National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2021-03-20 . ^ All-Species Living Tree Project ."16S rRNA-based LTP release 132" . Silva Comprehensive Ribosomal RNA Database . Retrieved 2020-08-20 .^ Parks, DH; Chuvochina, M; Waite, DW; Rinke, C; Skarshewski, A; Chaumeil, PA; Hugenholtz, P (November 2018). "A standardized bacterial taxonomy based on genome phylogeny substantially revises the tree of life". Nature Biotechnology . 36 (10): 996–1004. bioRxiv 10.1101/256800 doi :10.1038/nbt.4229 . PMID 30148503 . S2CID 52093100 . ^ Parks, DH; Chuvochina, M; Chaumeil, PA; Rinke, C; Mussig, AJ; Hugenholtz, P (September 2020). "A complete domain-to-species taxonomy for Bacteria and Archaea" . Nature Biotechnology . 38 (9): 1079–1086. bioRxiv 10.1101/771964 doi :10.1038/s41587-020-0501-8 . PMID 32341564 . S2CID 216560589 . ^ Chaumeil, PA; Mussig, AJ; Hugenholtz, P; Parks, DH (15 November 2019). "GTDB-Tk: a toolkit to classify genomes with the Genome Taxonomy Database" . Bioinformatics . doi :10.1093/bioinformatics/btz848 PMC 7703759 PMID 31730192 . ^ Almeida, Alexandre; Nayfach, Stephen; Boland, Miguel; Strozzi, Francesco; Beracochea, Martin; Shi, Zhou Jason; Pollard, Katherine S.; Sakharova, Ekaterina; Parks, Donovan H.; Hugenholtz, Philip; Segata, Nicola; Kyrpides, Nikos C.; Finn, Robert D. (20 July 2020). "A unified catalog of 204,938 reference genomes from the human gut microbiome" . Nature Biotechnology . doi :10.1038/s41587-020-0603-3 PMC 7801254 PMID 32690973 . ^ Nayfach, Stephen; Roux, Simon; Seshadri, Rekha; Udwary, Daniel; Varghese, Neha; Schulz, Frederik; Wu, Dongying; Paez-Espino, David; Chen, I-Min; Huntemann, Marcel; Palaniappan, Krishna; Ladau, Joshua; Mukherjee, Supratim; Reddy, T. B. K.; Nielsen, Torben; Kirton, Edward; Faria, José P.; Edirisinghe, Janaka N.; Henry, Christopher S.; Jungbluth, Sean P.; Chivian, Dylan; Dehal, Paramvir; Wood-Charlson, Elisha M.; Arkin, Adam P.; Tringe, Susannah G.; Visel, Axel; Woyke, Tanja; Mouncey, Nigel J.; Ivanova, Natalia N.; Kyrpides, Nikos C.; Eloe-Fadrosh, Emiley A. (9 November 2020). "A genomic catalog of Earth's microbiomes" . Nature Biotechnology . doi :10.1038/s41587-020-0718-6 PMC 8041624 ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x "GTDB release 06-RS202" . Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 6 December 2021 .^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x "ar122_r202.sp_label" . Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 6 December 2021 .^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x "Taxon History" . Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 6 December 2021 .