Timeline of Cheshire history

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The timeline of Cheshire history shows significant events in the history of the English county of Cheshire.

1–500 AD[]

Model of Deva Victrix
  • 70: The Romans found the fortress and town of Deva Victrix, now Chester.[1]
  • c. 90: Legio XX Valeria Victrix arrive in Chester.[2]
  • 410: Romans retreat from Britannia.[1]
  • 429: Germanus of Auxerre wins the Battle of Maes Garmon, near Mold, and establishes Cadell as the Christian ruler of a region, later Powys, based on pre-Roman Cornovii territory, thought to include Cheshire.[3]

7th century[]

9th century[]

St Werburgh
  • 874 or 875: St Werburgh's remains brought to Chester for protection against Danish invaders.[7][8]
  • c. 890: Chester establishes a mint.[8]
  • 890: Plegmund, probably of Plemstall, becomes Archbishop of Canterbury.[9]
  • 893: First mention of Scandinavian settlers in Chester.[10]
  • 893–894: A Danish force overwinters in Chester.[11]
  • 894–895: King Alfred drives the Danes from Chester.[12]

10th century[]

Eddisbury hill fort
  • 907: Chester refounded as a burh by Æthelflæd and King Edward the Elder, and re-fortification starts.[13][14]
  • 907: Church to St Werburgh, later Chester Cathedral, founded by Æthelflæd, rebuilt from an earlier church dedicated to St Peter and St Paul.[7][15]
  • 907: Æthelflæd founds new church dedicated to St Peter and St Paul in Chester.[15]
  • 914: The Iron Age hill fort at Eddisbury is re-fortified by Æthelflæd.[16]
  • 915: Æthelflæd builds a burh at Runcorn.[17]
  • 915–920: Re-fortification of Chester probably completed.[8]
  • 919: Edward the Elder builds a burh at Thelwall.[18]
  • 923–924: Chester revolts against rule from Wessex and is subdued by Edward the Elder.[18]
  • 17 July 924: Edward the Elder dies at Farndon[19] or Aldford.[18]
  • 937: King Æthelstan defeats the armies of Dublin, Alba and Strathclyde at the Battle of Brunanburh, probably near Bromborough.[20]
  • 958: King Edgar of England grants a charter to St Werburgh's Abbey, Chester.[21]
  • 973: Edgar of England visits Chester.[22]
  • 980: Vikings raid Chester.[23]
  • 980: First recorded use of the shire or county of Chester.[24]

11th century[]

Chester Castle

12th century[]

Remains of Norton Priory
  • 1115: Norton Priory founded.[32]
  • 1133: Combermere Abbey founded.[33]
  • 1140: Serious fire in Chester.[34]
  • c. 1150: Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester founds a Benedictine nunnery in Chester.[35]
  • 1157: Henry II entertained at Chester Castle.[36]
  • 1165: Henry II entertained at Chester Castle again.[36]
  • 1180: Serious fire in Chester.[34]
  • 1182: Cheshire land north of the Mersey becomes part of the new county of Lancashire.
  • 1190: Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester founds Little St John's Hospital in Chester.[37]
  • c. 1195: Liber de Luciani laude Cestrie, the oldest surviving piece of Cheshire writing, was created.[38]

13th century[]

Beeston Castle
  • 1211: King John entertained at Chester Castle.[36]
  • 1215–16: In the Carta Communis Cestriensis, Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester grants limited concessions to his feudal lords.[39]
  • 1220s: Beeston Castle built.[40]
  • 1236: Dominican friars arrive in Chester.[34]
  • 1237: 7th Earl of Chester, John, dies without a male heir. Henry IV passes the title to his son, Prince Edward – later to become King Edward I.
  • 1237–38: Franciscan friars arrive in Chester.[34]
  • 1237–51: Stone walls replace the wooden palisade around Chester Castle.[41]
  • 1253: Aldford and Alderley markets created.[42]
  • 1261: Macclesfield market created.[42]
  • 1272: Congleton market created.[42]
  • 1275: Monks of St Werburgh's Abbey build Kaleyard Gate in Chester city walls.[43]
  • 1277: King Edward I lays foundation stone to Vale Royal Abbey.[44]
  • 12 May 1278: Serious fire in Chester when nearly the whole of the city is burnt.[34]
  • 1279–80: Timber superstructure of the Old Dee Bridge swept away.[45]
  • 1280: Over market created.[42]
  • 1281: Serious fire in Middlewich.[46]
  • 1292–93: Chambers for the king and queen, and a new outer gatehouse built at Chester Castle.[47]

14th century[]

  • 1306: Serious fire in Northwich.[46]
  • 1322–25: Chester Water Tower built.[48]
  • 1349: The black death arrives in Cheshire.[37][49]
  • 1364: Doddington Castle built.[50]
  • 20 July 1376: Charter of disafforestation of Wirral issued.[51]
  • 1387: Major repairs to the Old Dee Bridge.[45]
  • 1391: Norton Priory becomes a mitred abbey.[52]
  • 1394: Richard II visits Chester with many of his nobles.[53]
  • 1397: Lands in the march of Wales added to Cheshire, and it is promoted to the rank of principality.[54]
  • 16 October 1398: Richard II gives 3000 marks to his Cheshire supporters at the Battle of Radcot Bridge.[55]
  • 1399: Henry IV (then still Duke of Lancaster) seizes Chester Castle and causes Richard II to be brought there from Flint Castle, after which Richard abdicates and Henry becomes king.[56]
  • 1399–1407: Tower built to fortify Chester's Dee Bridge.[57]

15th century[]

  • 1400: Unsuccessful attack on Chester Castle by supporters of deposed Richard II.[58]
  • July 1403: Many Cheshire gentry support the unsuccessful uprising of Henry "Hotspur" Percy against Henry IV.[59]
  • 1422: First reference to Chester Mystery Plays.[60]
  • 1433: Famine led to food shortages in Chester.[53]
  • July 1438: Serious fire in Nantwich.[46]
  • 1444: Henry VI visits Chester.[53]
  • 1445: Fee-farm (rent payable to the Crown) for Chester is halved from £100 to £50, attributed to silting of the River Dee; further reductions agreed in 1484 and 1486.[61]
  • 1450: A group of Cheshire gentry successfully petitions the Crown against the introduction of a parliamentary subsidy.[62]
  • 1452, 1455, 1459: Margaret of Anjou visits Chester.[53][63]
  • 23 September 1459: Many Cheshire gentry killed fighting on both sides in the Battle of Blore Heath, early in the Wars of the Roses.[64]
  • 1470: Edward IV visits Chester.[53]
  • April 1484: Richard III visits Chester.[53]
  • March 1486: Henry VII visits Chester.[53]
  • 1488: Stockport Grammar School is founded.[65]
  • 1492, 1494: Fires in Chester's Foregate and Northgate Streets.[66]
  • July 1493: Henry VII again visits Chester.[53]
  • 1497: First performance of Chester Midsummer Show.[67]

16th century[]

  • 1502: Macclesfield Grammar School is founded.[68]
  • 1506: Great Charter establishes Chester as a county, codifies its government, and gives the city the right to hold a court of quarter sessions.[69]
  • April 1506: Henry VII visits Chester.[53]
  • 1507: Outbreak of "sweating sickness" in Chester.[53]
  • 1510: St Ursula's Hospital founded in Chester.[37]
  • 1527: founded.[70]
  • 1535: Outbreak of plague in Nantwich.[46]
  • 1536: Dissolution of Norton Priory.[71]
  • 1536: First piped water supply for civil use in Chester established.[66]
  • 1538: Dissolution of Vale Royal Abbey by Sir Thomas Holcroft.[44]
  • July 1538: Dissolution of Combermere Abbey.[33]
  • 15 August 1538: Dissolution of Chester's three friaries.[72]
  • 20 January 1540: Dissolution of St Werburgh's Abbey.[72]
  • 1541: St Werburgh's abbey becomes a cathedral of the Church of England known as Chester Cathedral by order of King Henry VIII.[citation needed] Chester becomes a diocese.[73]
  • 1543: Cheshire sends its first members to sit in Parliament.[74]
  • 1575: Chester Mystery Plays are banned.[67]
  • 1577: Christopher Saxton publishes his map of Cheshire.[75]
  • 1578: Sandbach market opens.[76]
  • December 1583: Fire destroys much of Nantwich.[77]
  • 1584: Elizabeth I contributes to a national fund for the rebuilding of Nantwich.[78][79]
  • 1591: Stanley Palace built in Chester on the site of the former Dominican friary.[80]

17th century[]

Crewe Hall

18th century[]

  • 1700: Brine springs are discovered at Winsford.[96]
  • 1735–36: The New Cut dug along the River Dee from Chester to Connah's Quay because of silting of the river.[97]
  • 1744: Charles Roe builds a watermill in Macclesfield and triggers start of the silk industry.
  • 1763: Cheshire Hunt founded.[98]
  • March 1776: Bridgewater Canal complete throughout its length from Manchester to Runcorn.[99]
  • 1777: Completion of the Trent and Mersey Canal.[100]
  • 1779: The Chester Canal opens between Chester and Nantwich.[101]
  • 1780: Chester Eastgate rebuilt.[102]
  • 1780: Marston salt mine opens.[103]
  • 1781: Chester Northgate rebuilt.[102]
  • 1784: First mail coach runs through Cheshire, between London and Holyhead.[83]
  • 1788: Chester Watergate rebuilt.[102]
  • 1788–1815: Major rebuilding of Chester Castle by Thomas Harrison[104]
  • 1795: The Chester Canal extended to Ellesmere Port.[105]

19th century[]

Anderton Boat Lift

20th century[]

Cheshire School of Agriculture

21st century[]

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b Mason, David J.P. (2001). Roman Chester: City of the Eagles. Stroud: Tempus Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-7524-1922-6.
  2. ^ Ward 2009, p. 11.
  3. ^ Bu'Lock, pp. 10–14
  4. ^ Ward 2009, p. 23.
  5. ^ Higham, N. J. (1992). "King Cearl, the Battle of Chester and the Origins of the Mercian 'Overkingship'" (PDF). Midland History. 17: 1–15. doi:10.1179/mdh.1992.17.1.1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-16.
  6. ^ Bu'Lock, pp. 33–34
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c "History of Chester Cathedral". Chester Cathedral. Archived from the original on 2010-06-12. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b c Bu'Lock, p. 59
  9. ^ Wareham, A. F. (2004). "Plegemund (d. 914)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22378. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
  10. ^ Bu'Lock, pp. 69–70
  11. ^ Bu'Lock, pp. 51–52, 59
  12. ^ "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (894AD)". Retrieved 2010-05-22.
  13. ^ Ward 2009, p. 31.
  14. ^ Bu'Lock, pp. 53, 59
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b Bu'Lock, pp. 75–76
  16. ^ "Burh at Castle Ditch, Eddisbury". Cheshire.gov.uk. Retrieved 2009-07-09.
  17. ^ Starkey 1990, p. 5.
  18. ^ Jump up to: a b c Bu'Lock, pp. 53–54
  19. ^ Ward 2009, p. 27.
  20. ^ Bu'Lock, pp. 54–55
  21. ^ Bu'Lock, p. 55
  22. ^ "Edgar the Peaceful". English Monarchs website. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
  23. ^ Jump up to: a b Ward 2009, p. 30.
  24. ^ Bu'Lock, pp. 56, 61
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b Bu'Lock, p. 56
  26. ^ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 1007:

    "In this year also was Edric appointed alderman over all the kingdom of the Mercians."
  27. ^ Bu'Lock, p. 57
  28. ^ C. P. Lewis (2004). "Avranches, Hugh d', first earl of Chester (d. 1101)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/14056. Retrieved 2007-10-28. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  29. ^ Historic England. "Chester Castle (69135)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 2009-03-22.
  30. ^ Latham, Frank A. (1987). Frodsham: The History of a Cheshire Town. Local Historians. ISBN 0-901993-06-9.
  31. ^ Jump up to: a b Ward 2009, p. 43.
  32. ^ Starkey 1990, p. 9.
  33. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Combermere Abbey timeline". Combermere Abbey. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2010-05-31.
  34. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Ward 2009, p. 51.
  35. ^ Ward 2009, p. 46.
  36. ^ Jump up to: a b c Ward 2009, p. 47.
  37. ^ Jump up to: a b c Ward 2009, p. 55.
  38. ^ Robert W. Barrett, Jr (2009). Against All England: Regional Identity and Cheshire Writing, 1195–1656 (PDF). University of Notre Dame Press. pp. 1–2. ISBN 978-0-268-02209-9 – via Project Muse.
  39. ^ Sylvester 1980, p. 54.
  40. ^ Fry, Plantagenet Somerset (1980). The David & Charles Book of Castles. David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-7976-3.
  41. ^ Ward 2009, p. 37.
  42. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Cheshire History and the County Palatine of Cheshire, UK". Manchester UK. Archived from the original on 2010-03-30. Retrieved 2010-05-19.
  43. ^ Ward 2009, p. 40.
  44. ^ Jump up to: a b Elrington, C.R.; Harris, B. E.; Baggs, A. P.; Kettle, Ann J.; Lander, S. J.; Thacker, A. T.; Wardle, David (1980). Houses of Cistercian monks: The abbey of Vale Royal', A History of the County of Chester. III. Oxford University Press History. ISBN 0-19-722754-6.
  45. ^ Jump up to: a b Ward 2009, p. 56.
  46. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Driver 1971, p. 50
  47. ^ Ward 2009, p. 41.
  48. ^ Ward 2009, p. 38.
  49. ^ Sylvester 1980, p. 56.
  50. ^ Historic England. "Delves Hall (74464)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 22 March 2009.
  51. ^ Booth P. The last week of the life of Edward the Black Prince. Cambridge University Press, 2012
  52. ^ Greene 1989, p. 65
  53. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Driver 1971, p. 38
  54. ^ Davies, R. R. (1971). Richard II and the Principality of Chester in The Reign of Richard II: Essays in Honour of May McKisack, ed. F. R. H. Du Boulay and Caroline Baron.
  55. ^ Driver 1971, p. 7.
  56. ^ Ward 2009, p. 42.
  57. ^ Driver 1971, p. 54.
  58. ^ Driver 1971, pp. 8–9
  59. ^ Driver 1971, pp. 9–10
  60. ^ Driver 1971, p. 140
  61. ^ Driver 1971, pp. 39–40, 106
  62. ^ Driver 1971, p. 117
  63. ^ Driver 1971, p. 17
  64. ^ Driver 1971, pp. 17–18
  65. ^ Driver 1971, p. 43
  66. ^ Jump up to: a b Driver 1971, p. 31
  67. ^ Jump up to: a b Driver 1971, p. 145
  68. ^ Driver 1971, p. 44
  69. ^ Driver 1971, pp. 28–29
  70. ^ Driver 1971, pp. 149–50
  71. ^ Starkey 1990, pp. 38–39.
  72. ^ Jump up to: a b Ward 2009, p. 58.
  73. ^ Driver 1971, p. 41
  74. ^ Sylvester 1980, p. 15.
  75. ^ Sylvester 1980, p. 60.
  76. ^ Sylvester 1980, p. 52.
  77. ^ Lake 1983, p. 67.
  78. ^ Beck 1969, p. 75–76.
  79. ^ Lake 1983, pp. 71–90.
  80. ^ "Stanley Palace". Chester City Council. Retrieved 18 June 2010. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  81. ^ Beck 1969, p. 33.
  82. ^ Historic England. "Crewe Hall (1138666)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
  83. ^ Jump up to: a b c Sylvester 1980, p. 83.
  84. ^ "Civil War". National Archives. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
  85. ^ Ward 2009, p. 64.
  86. ^ J. R. Phillips (1874). Battle of Middlewich, March 13, 1643 – Sir William Brereton's Account. Document XVI in Memoirs of The Civil Wars in Wales and the Marches, Vol 2. London. pp. 54–55.
  87. ^ "Battle of Nantwich". Nantwich Museum. Archived from the original on 2010-05-31. Retrieved 2010-05-31.
  88. ^ Ward 2009, pp. 67–68.
  89. ^ Ward 2009, p. 69.
  90. ^ Sylvester 1980, p. 69.
  91. ^ Edwards P (1999), "Cheshire Cheese and Farming in the North West in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries by Charles F. Foster [Book review]", The Agricultural History Review, 47: 217–18
  92. ^ "Charles Worsley, Major-General, 1622–56". British Civil Wars & Commonwealth website. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
  93. ^ "Northwich History". Chester Chronicle. February 2009. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
  94. ^ Jump up to: a b Leigh E. Introduction in: A Glossary of Words Used in the Dialect of Cheshire (Hamilton, Adams, and Co./Minshull and Hughes; 1877) (accessed 14 July 2010)
  95. ^ Ward 2009, p. 73.
  96. ^ Sylvester 1980, p. 95.
  97. ^ Ward 2009, p. 82.
  98. ^ "The Cheshire Hunt". The Cheshire Hunt website. Archived from the original on 2010-01-28. Retrieved 2010-05-31.
  99. ^ Starkey 1990, p. 126.
  100. ^ "Trent and Mersey Canal". Cannock Chase District Council. Retrieved 2010-05-22.[permanent dead link]
  101. ^ Ward 2009, p. 88.
  102. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Ward 2009, p. 79.
  103. ^ Sylvester 1980, p. 96.
  104. ^ Ward 2009, pp. 80–81.
  105. ^ Jump up to: a b Ward 2009, p. 89.
  106. ^ Starkey 1990, p. 130.
  107. ^ Wilbraham, R. An Attempt at a Glossary of Some Words Used in Cheshire, 2nd ed. (London: T. Rodd; 1826) (various other editions)
  108. ^ Ward 2009, p. 86.
  109. ^ Glancey, Jonathan (6 December 2005). "The beauty of Crewe". Guardian newspaper article. London. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
  110. ^ Latham, ed., 1999, p. 119
  111. ^ Dunn I, The University of Chester, 1839–2008: The Bright Star in the Present Prospect, 2nd edn (Chester: Chester Academic Press, 2008)
  112. ^ Sylvester 1980, p. 90.
  113. ^ Jump up to: a b Sylvester 1980, p. 91.
  114. ^ "About Chetham Society". Chetham Society. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
  115. ^ Ward 2009, pp. 90–91.
  116. ^ Jump up to: a b Ward 2009, p. 91.
  117. ^ Ward 2009, p. 92.
  118. ^ "Cheshire Constabulary History". Cheshire Police website. March 2010. Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2010-05-24.
  119. ^ Matthews S (2005), "Cattle Clubs, Insurance and Plague in the Mid-Nineteenth Century", The Agricultural History Review, 53 (2): 192–211, JSTOR 40276026
  120. ^ Ward 2009, p. 95.
  121. ^ Starkey 1990, p. 170.
  122. ^ Jump up to: a b c Sylvester 1980, p. 93.
  123. ^ "Chester Town Hall". Cheshire West and Chester Council. Archived from the original on 2010-07-03. Retrieved 2010-05-31.
  124. ^ "History of Brunner Mond". Brunner Mond website. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
  125. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Anderton Boat Lift". The Heritage Trail website. Archived from the original on 2011-06-08. Retrieved 2010-05-31.
  126. ^ "About us". Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
  127. ^ Ward 2009, p. 99.
  128. ^ "Lancashire Records Office". The National Archives.
  129. ^ "Information Sheet: Eastgate Clock". Cheshire West and Chester. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2010. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  130. ^ Starkey 1990, p. 214.
  131. ^ Tigwell 1985, pp. 41–42.
  132. ^ Starkey 1990, p. 218.
  133. ^ "Chester Zoo". The Good Zoo Guide Online. Archived from the original on 2016-01-08. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
  134. ^ Ward 2009, p. 111.
  135. ^ Robert W. Barrett, Jr (2009). Against All England: Regional Identity and Cheshire Writing, 1195–1656 (PDF). University of Notre Dame Press. p. 207. ISBN 978-0-268-02209-9 – via Project Muse.
  136. ^ Jump up to: a b c Starkey 1990, p. 222.
  137. ^ "Conservation Area Appraisals". Cheshire East. Archived from the original on 2010-03-30. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
  138. ^ Jones, B.; et al. (2004). Politics UK. ISBN 0-7190-3408-6.
  139. ^ Brown, Fraser; Howard-Davis, Christine (2008). Norton Priory: Monastery to Museum. Excavations 1970–87. Lancaster: Oxford Archaeology North. pp. 2–4. ISBN 978-0-904220-52-0.
  140. ^ "Bound Volume Hansard - Written Answers". Hansard. Retrieved 2010-05-31.
  141. ^ "Child killed in Warrington bomb attack". BBC website. 20 March 1993. Retrieved 2010-05-31.
  142. ^ "Three infantry regiments merged (1 September 2007)". BBC. 1 September 2007. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
  143. ^ "About Cheshire East". Cheshire East. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2010. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  144. ^ "Fireworks launch for new Mersey bridge". BBC. 14 October 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2019.

References[]

  • Beck, J. (1969). Tudor Cheshire. A History of Cheshire, Vol. 7 (Series Editor: J.J. Bagley), Cheshire Community Council, ISBN 0-903119-02-1
  • Bu'Lock, J.D. (1972). Pre-Conquest Cheshire: 383–1066. A History of Cheshire, Vol. 3 (Series Editor: J.J. Bagley), Cheshire Community Council
  • Driver, J.T. (1971). Cheshire in the Later Middle Ages. A History of Cheshire, Vol. 6 (Series Editor: J.J. Bagley), Cheshire Community Council
  • Greene, J. Patrick (1989). Norton Priory: The archaeology of a medieval religious house. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-33054-8.
  • Lake, J. (1983). The Great Fire of Nantwich. Shiva Publishing. ISBN 0-906812-57-7.
  • Local History Group, Latham FA. (ed.) (1999). Wrenbury and Marbury. The Local History Group. ISBN 0-9522284-5-9
  • Starkey, H. F. (1990). "Old Runcorn". Halton: Halton Borough Council. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • Sylvester, Dorothy (1980). A History of Cheshire (2nd ed.). London and Chichester: Phillimore. ISBN 0-85033-384-9.
  • Tigwell, RE. (1985). Cheshire in the Twentieth Century. A History of Cheshire, Vol. 12 (Series Editor: JJ Bagley), Cheshire Community Council, ISBN 0-903119-15-3
  • Ward, Simon (2009). Chester: A History. Chichester: Phillimore. ISBN 978-1-86077-499-7.

Coordinates: 53°10′N 2°35′W / 53.167°N 2.583°W / 53.167; -2.583

Retrieved from ""