Timeline of Wrocław

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Historical affiliations

Silesians until the 800s
Duchy of Poland 985–1025
Kingdom of Poland 1025–1038
Duchy of Bohemia 1038–1054
Kingdom of Poland 1054–ca. 1325

 Kingdom of Bohemia 1335–1469
Kingdom of Hungary 1469–1490
 Kingdom of Bohemia 1490–1526/1742
Habsburg Monarchy 1526–1742
Kingdom of Prussia 1742–1871
German Empire 1871–1918
Weimar Germany 1918–1933
 Nazi Germany 1933–1945
People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989
 Republic of Poland 1989–present

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Wrocław, Poland.

Prior to 16th century[]

Romanesque church of St. Giles, the oldest preserved church of Wrocław
  • around 1240 - Church of St. Vincent founded by High Duke of Poland Henry II the Pious.
  • 1241
  • 1242 - Church of St. Giles built.[citation needed]
  • 1257 - Church of St. Elizabeth built.[4]
  • 1262 - Magdeburg rights adopted.
  • 1272 - Cathedral of St. John the Baptist consecrated.
  • 1273 - Piwnica Świdnicka, one of the oldest still operating restaurants in Europe, opened.[5]
  • 1274 - Duke Henryk IV Probus granted Wrocław staple right.
  • 1288 - Holy Cross church founded by High Duke of Poland Henryk IV Probus.[6]
  • 1290 - Death and burial of Henryk IV Probus in the Holy Cross church, that was still under construction,[6] as the second Polish monarch to be buried in Wrocław.
  • 1295 - Holy Cross church consecrated.[4]
  • 1333 - Town Hall building expanded.
  • 1335 - City annexed to Bohemia.[4]
  • 1342 - Fire.
  • 1344 - Fire.
  • 1348 - Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor visits the city.
  • 1351 - Saints Stanislaus, Dorothy and Wenceslaus church founded.[2]
  • 1362 - St. Mary Magdalene Church built.
  • 1387 - City joins Hanseatic League.
  • 1418 - Guild revolt.
  • 1466 - Meeting of Polish diplomat Jan Długosz and the papal legate in Wrocław, which enabled peace talks between Poland and the Teutonic Order, which culminated a few months later in the signing of a peace treaty in Toruń ending the Thirteen Years' War.[7]
  • 1469 - City passed to Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus.
  • 1474
    • Siege by combined Polish-Czech forces.[8]
    • Meeting of the Polish, Czech and Hungarian kings in the village of  [pl] (present-day district of Wrocław), ceasefire signed.[8]
    • City leaves the Hanseatic League.
The oldest printed text in the Polish language in the Statuta Synodalia Episcoporum Wratislaviensis, printed in Wrocław by Kasper Elyan, 1475
  • 1475 -  [pl] founded the  [pl] (Holy Cross Printing House), the city's first printing house, which in the same year published the  [pl], the first ever incunable in Polish.[9]
  • 1490 - City passed to Bohemia.
  • 1492 - Pillory erected at the Market Square.[4]

16th–18th centuries[]

  • 1523 - Protestant Reformation.[2]
  • 1527 - City annexed to Austria.[4]
  • 1530 - City coat of arms adopted.
  • 1585 - Plague.
  • 1666 - Polish Municipal School (Miejska Szkoła Polska) opened.
  • 1670 - Miscellanea Curiosa Medico-Physica, the world's first medical journal published.
  • 1672 - House of the Seven Electors built.[4]
  • 1702 - Leopoldina Jesuit college founded.[10]
  • 1717 - Palace built.
  • 1723 -  [de] (publisher) in business.
  • 1741 - Prussians in power.[10]
  • 1742 - Schlesische Zeitung begins publication.[11]
  • 1757 - Austrians in power, succeeded by Prussians.[10]
  • 1760 - City besieged.[4]

19th century[]

Wrocław Opera
  • 1841 - Opera House opens.
  • 1842 - Upper Silesian Train Station built.
  • 1846 - Royal Palace building renovated.[4]
  • 1854 - Jewish Theological Seminary founded.
  • 1856 - Jewish Cemetery established in Gabitz.
  • 1857 - Central Station opens.
  • 1861
    • Local Poles join Polish national mourning after the massacre of Polish protesters by Russian troops in Warsaw in February 1861.[14]
    • City becomes an important center of preparations for the Polish January Uprising in the Russian Partition of Poland.[15]
    • Orchestral Society founded.
  • 1863
    • Mass searches of Polish homes by the Prussian police after the outbreak of the January Uprising.[16]
    • June: City officially becomes the seat of secret Polish insurgent authorities.[17]
    • New City Hall built.[4]
  • 1864 - January: Arrests of several members of the Polish insurgent movement by the Prussian police.[18]
  • 1865
  • 1871
    • City becomes part of German Empire.
    • New Church of St. Michael consecrated.[4]
    • Opera house rebuilt.
  • 1872
  • 1873 - Population: 208,025.[4]
  • 1880 - Silesian Museum of Fine Arts established.[citation needed]
  • 1883
    • St. Mauritius Bridge constructed.
    • Lutheran Theological Seminar opens.[citation needed]
  • 1884 - Polish newspaper Nowiny Szląskie begins publication.
  • 1886 - Viadrina (Jewish student society) formed.[citation needed]
  • 1887 - "Government offices" built.[2]
  • 1889 - Tumski Bridge constructed.
  • 1890 - Population: 335,186.[2]
  • 1892 - Monopol Hotel built.
Market Square with the Old Town Hall around 1900
  • 1894
  • 1896 - Kleinburg (Dworek) and Pöpelwitz (Popowice) villages become part of city.
  • 1897 - Zwierzyniecki Bridge constructed.
  • 1899 - Silesian Museum of Applied Arts established.[citation needed]

20th century[]

1900–1945[]

Wrocław Market Hall in 1909
Part of the Workplace and House Exhibition
Monument to the Polish Olimp organization in Wrocław
  • 1939
    • June: Expulsion of Polish students from the university.[24]
    • August: Headquarters of several local Polish organizations, known as the Polish House, searched by the Gestapo and closed down.[24]
    • September: City made the headquarters of the southern district of the Selbstschutz, led by SS-Oberführer Fritz Katzmann, which task was to commit atrocities against Poles during the German invasion of Poland.[28]
    • September: Mass arrests of Polish activists, Polish organizations banned.[24]
  • 1941 - Olimp (organization) formed by Polish minority.
  • 1942 - AL Breslau-Lissa subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp established by the Germans, its prisoners were mostly Poles, but also Russians, Ukrainians, Germans, Frenchmen, Czechs, Yugoslavs.[29]
  • 1943 - April 23: Polish Zagra-Lin attacks Nazi troop transport.
  • 1944
    • August: City declared a Nazi fortress.
    • Three more subcamps of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp established, for prisoners of various nationalities, including one subcamp for women.[29]
  • 1945
    • January: evacuation of the prisoners of the Gross-Rosen subcamps to the main camp.[29]
    • February 13-May 6: Siege of Breslau.[30]
    • Polish Boleslaw Drobner becomes mayor.
    • Expulsion of Germans begins.

1946–1990s[]

National Museum, Wrocław
1997 Central European flood in Wrocław

21st century[]

New Horizons Film Festival, 2009
Stadion Miejski

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Britannica 1910.
  3. ^ Roman Tomczak. "Gdzie jest szkielet bez głowy?". Gość Legnicki (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Baedeker 1873.
  5. ^ Agnieszka Vincenc. "Wrocławskie kamienice: Piwnica Świdnicka". KRN.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b Magdalena Lewandowska. "Kolegiata Świętego Krzyża". Niedziela.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  7. ^ Karol Górski, Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych, Instytut Zachodni, Poznań, 1949, p. LXXII (in Polish)
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b Maciej Łagiewski. "Spotkanie królów". Gazeta Wrocławska (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  9. ^ Hieronim Szczegóła, Kasper Elyan z Głogowa, pierwszy polski drukarz, Muzeum Ziemi Lubuskiej, Zielona Góra, 1968, p. 4, 6 (in Polish)
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b c Richard Brookes (1786), "Breslaw", The General Gazetteer (6th ed.), London: J.F.C. Rivington
  11. ^ 150 Jahre Schlesische Zeitung, 1742-1892 (in German), W.G. Korn, 1892, OCLC 8658059, OL 23541958M
  12. ^ Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Breslau", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
  13. ^ "Breslau", Northern Germany as far as the Bavarian and Austrian frontiers (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 78390379
  14. ^ Mieczysław Pater, Wrocławskie echa powstania styczniowego, "Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka", nr 4, 1963, p. 407 (in Polish)
  15. ^ Pater, p. 408
  16. ^ Pater, p. 411
  17. ^ Pater, p. 412
  18. ^ Pater, p. 414-415
  19. ^ Jump up to: a b "Historia Teatru" (in Polish). Wrocławski Teatr Lalek. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
  20. ^ "Rok Jubileuszowy – Towarzystwo Gimnastyczne „Sokół"". Ossolineum (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  21. ^ Julius H. Greenstone (1931). "Liberal Jewish Youth Association of Breslau". Jewish Quarterly Review. New Series 21.
  22. ^ Jump up to: a b Małgorzata Wieliczko. "100 lat niepodległości: Konsulat II RP we Wrocławiu skrywał tajemnice". www.wroclaw.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  23. ^ Mirosław Cygański, Hitlerowskie prześladowania przywódców i aktywu Związków Polaków w Niemczech w latach 1939 - 1945, "Przegląd Zachodni", nr 4, 1984, p. 36 (in Polish)
  24. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Cygański, p. 37
  25. ^ "Riots in Breslau as Corn Returns". New York Times. January 25, 1933.
  26. ^ Jump up to: a b "see article "Concentration Camps in and around Breslau 1940–1945"". Roger Moorhouse. Archived from the original on 9 June 2010.
  27. ^ "Nazis Hold Sport Week". New York Times. July 25, 1938.
  28. ^ Maria Wardzyńska, Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion, IPN, Warszawa, 2009, p. 63 (in Polish)
  29. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Subcamps of KL Gross- Rosen". Gross-Rosen Museum in Rogoźnica. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  30. ^ "Soviet Siege Army Captures Breslau; 40,000 Germans Surrender After 84-Day Struggle". New York Times. May 8, 1945.
  31. ^ Jump up to: a b Robert R. Findlay; Halina Filipowicz (1975). "The 'Other Theatre' of Wrocław: Henryk Tomaszewski and the Pantomima". Educational Theatre Journal. 27.
  32. ^ Rada Ochrony Pomników Walki i Męczeństwa Czesław Czubryt-Borkowski, Jerzy Michasiewicz, Przewodnik po upamiętnionych miejscach walk i męczeństwa lata wojny 1939- 1945, Wydawnictwo Sport i Turystyka, Warszawa, 1988, p. 798 (in Polish)
  33. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
  34. ^ "14 lat temu Jan Paweł II gościł we Wrocławiu". Gazeta Wrocławska (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  35. ^ "Poles Hold Off Floodwaters in Wrocław". New York Times. July 14, 1997.

This article incorporates information from the Polish Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.

Bibliography[]

See also: History of Wrocław § Bibliography

in English[]

in other languages[]

  • "Breslau". Allgemeine Deutsche Real-Encyclopädie für die Gebildeten Stände (in German) (7th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1827.
  • "Breslau". Biblioteca geographica: Verzeichniss der seit der Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts bis zu Ende des Jahres 1856 in Deutschland (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 1858. (bibliography)
  • Ludwig Sittenfeld (1909), Geschichte des Breslauer Theaters von 1841 bis 1900 [History of the Breslau Theatre from 1841 to 1900] (in German), Breslau: Preusz, OL 23360659M
  • P. Krauss; E. Uetrecht, eds. (1913). "Breslau". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
  • , ed. (1989), Breslau, Deutscher Städteatlas (in German), 4, ISBN 978-3891150009
  • Wolfgang Adam; Siegrid Westphal, eds. (2012). "Breslau". Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum (in German). De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-029555-9.

External links[]

Coordinates: 51°07′N 17°02′E / 51.117°N 17.033°E / 51.117; 17.033

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