Uzbek Ground Forces

Uzbek Ground Forces
O'zbekiston quruqlik qo'shinlari Сухопутные войска Узбекистана
Uzbek soldiers during parachute training at Fort Bragg in 1997.
Founded	1992
Country	Uzbekistan
Branch	Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Type	Land Force
Role	Defense of Uzbekistan
Size	40,000 (est. 2006)
Headquarters	Tashkent
Nickname(s)	Uzbek Land Forces
Colors	Steel Blue
Anniversaries	Defender of the Motherland Day - January 14
Engagements	Tajik Civil War Batken Conflict War in Afghanistan (2001–present)

The Uzbek Ground Forces are the land component of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Operating since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the army is made up of former Soviet Army units that were in the territory of Uzbekistan. As of 2006, it had around 40,000 active personnel. Much of the equipment it uses is also old Soviet material, and the government of Uzbekistan has not given much effort to replace it with modern equipment.^[1]

History[]

The armed forces were created in 1992, and along with the army, the air and air defense forces, national guard, and border service were created. Islam Karimov, the President of Uzbekistan, had begun calling native Uzbeks in the Soviet Armed Forces back to Uzbekistan to fill the ranks of the newly created ground forces, though many refused to return and renounced their citizenship. Russians made up the majority of the officer corps, while the enlisted personnel were mainly Uzbek.

Uzbekistan then became the only Central Asian state that did not allow Russian Federation citizens to serve in the army, and began to replace the Slavic officers with ethnic Uzbeks. At independence, Slavic officers made up the command of the army, and thus an effort was made to give Uzbeks higher positions, giving Slavics lower ranks. The Slavs who stayed in Uzbekistan accepted Uzbek passports.

Three major Soviet military academies, the Tashkent Higher All-Arms Command School, the Chirchiq Higher Tank Command and Engineering School, and the Samarkand Higher Military Automobile Command School, were located in Uzbekistan. This caused the government to not send Uzbek officers to Russia for training. In 1994, they established the joint Armed Forces Academy, to train officers of all branches. Though the Uzbek language was becoming more in use by the army, Russian remained the main language used in training officers, due to the fact that most manuals were in Russian and that the Central Asian Turkic languages did not have proper military vocabulary.

In 1997, the United States CENTRASBAT program paid over $5 million to fund a training exercise between Uzbek and American troops that were going to be stationed in the country. Later in 1998, a US general attended an Uzbek base that had a unit which took part in the training. After asking for a show of hands of who took part in it, only two raised them. Most Uzbek soldiers leave the service when their mandatory conscription ends. The US forces have found this to be the case in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan as well. The army was similarly run to the Soviet one, in terms of command, service, and equipment. Senior commanders gave strict orders that allowed little freedom of decision.

In 2003, the defense ministry announced that the conscription time was lowered from 18 months to 12, and those who attended officer schools only had to serve nine months. It was encouraging higher ranking personnel to serve longer. Many young Uzbeks bribed recruitment officials to not draft them into the army, as dedovshchina was widespread.^[1]

Organization[]

Districts[]

Uzbek soldiers practice hand to hand maneuvers

The Army includes five military districts, the Northwest at Nukus, the Southwest Special Military District at Karshi, the Central Military District at Dzhizak, and the Eastern Military District at Ferghana. In 2001, the Tashkent Garrison was transformed into the Tashkent Military District.^[2]

Specialties^[3][]

• Motor Rifle Units
• Tank Forces
• Special Operations Forces
• Reconnaissance
• Engineering
• Chemical units
• Signals
• Electronic warfare units
• Logistics
• Topogeodetic

List of Formations[]

There are four motor rifle brigades,^[4] and the 17th Air Assault Brigade at Fergana (the former 387th Airborne Training Regiment of the Soviet Airborne Forces). Motorized brigades are located around Bukhara, Samarqand, Termez, Nukus, and Andijan.^[5] The subordinate brigades listed below have been attributed to the various military districts either because they are located in the same city as the military district headquarters or are clearly within the military districts' area of responsibility.

The Honour Guard Battalion at the Ministry of Defense.

Army Headquarters (Tashkent)[]

• Honor Guard Battalion of the Tashkent Military District
• Engineering Brigade
• Special Forces Battalion of the Eastern Military District "Lynx"^[6][7]

Regular Army[]

• Training Regiment (Chirchik)
• 387th Airborne Training Regiment^[8]
• 17th Air Assault Brigade at (Fergana)^[9] - Consists of up to 5000 soldiers, was formerly the Soviet 105th Guards Vienna Airborne Division.
• 1st Motor Rifle Brigade (Chirchik)
• 2nd Motor Rifle Brigade (Samarqand)
• 3rd Motor Rifle Brigade (Termez)
• 25th Motor Rifle Brigade (Karshi, Military Unit No.08579)
• 37th Motor Rifle Brigade (Andijan)^[10]
• 15th Independent Special Forces Brigade
• Tank Regiment (Ahangaran)

Facilities[]

• Kattakurgan Training Ground^[11][12][13]
• Gurumsaray Training Ground^[14]
• Farish Mountain Training Area^[15]
• Shorsu Training Ground^[15]
• Angren Training Ground^[15]
• Nuristan Training Ground^[15]
• Termez Training Ground^[15]
• Nukus Training Ground^[15]

Exercises[]

Uzbek soldiers in the Exercise Cooperative Osprey '98

Uzbek troops participated in Partnership for Peace Exercise Cooperative Osprey '96 at Camp Lejeune in North Carolina, hosted by the United States Marine Corps. They then participated as well in Exercise Cooperative Osprey '98.

In September 2004, the (then) Royal Welsh Regiment (now 3rd Bn The Royal Welsh) of the British Army participated with the Uzbek Army Peacekeeping Battalion in "Exercise Timurlane Express" in the Farish Mountain Training Area.^{[citation needed]} This was a 3-week NATO sponsored Partnership for Peace training exercise.

Current equipment[]

Reportedly, Uzbek armed forces' small arms include the AK-47, AK-74, Dragunov sniper rifle, Makarov PM pistol, and PK.

Current equipment
Name	Photo	Origin	Type	Quantity
Small arms
AK-47		USSR	Assault rifle
AKM		USSR	Assault rifle
AK-74		USSR	Assault rifle
RPK		USSR	Squad automatic weapon
PKM		USSR	General purpose machine gun
SVD		USSR	Designated marksman rifle
Grenade launchers
RPG-7		USSR	Rocket-propelled grenade launcher
RPG-16[16]		USSR	Rocket-propelled grenade launcher
SPG-9		USSR	Recoilless rifle
Tanks
T-72		USSR	Main battle tank	70[17]
T-64B		USSR	Main battle tank	100[17]
T-62M/MV		USSR	Main battle tank	170[17]
T-54		USSR	Main battle tank	80[17]
Infantry fighting vehicles
BMP-1		USSR	Infantry fighting vehicle	180[17]
BMP-2		USSR	Infantry fighting vehicle	270[17]
BMD-1		USSR	Infantry fighting vehicle	120[17]
BMD-2		Russia	Infantry fighting vehicle	9[17]
M-ATV		United States	Infantry fighting vehicle	308[18][19]
Nurol Ejder (4x4 version)	N/A	Turkey	Infantry fighting vehicle	24 received (+1000 in order)[20]
Personnel carriers
BTR-60		USSR	Armoured personnel carrier	24[17]
BTR-70		USSR	Armoured personnel carrier	25[17]
BTR-80		USSR	Armoured personnel carrier	210[17]
BTR-D		USSR	Armoured personnel carrier	50[17]
BRM-1K		USSR	Armoured personnel carrier	6[17]
BRDM-2		USSR	Armoured personnel carrier	13[17]
Rocket artillery
BM-21 Grad		USSR	122mm multiple rocket launcher	50[17]
BM-27 Uragan		USSR	220mm multiple rocket launcher	48[17]
Tactical ballistic missile systems
Tochka		USSR	Tactical ballistic missile	5[17]
Anti-aircraft
HQ-9		China	Long-range surface-to-air missile	1 battery[21]
Self-propelled artillery
2S1 Gvozdika		USSR	122mm self-propelled howitzer	18[17]
2S9 Nona		USSR	Self-propelled 120 mm mortar	54[17]
2S5 Giatsint-S		USSR	152mm self-propelled howitzer	17[17]
2S7 Pion		USSR	203mm self-propelled howitzer	48[17]
Logistics and utility vehicles
UAZ-469		USSR	Light utility vehicle
ZIL-131		USSR	General purpose truck

References[]