Visa policy of the United States
Politics of the United States |
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The visa policy of the United States consists of the requirements for foreign nationals to travel to, enter, and remain in the United States. Visitors to the United States must obtain a visa from one of the U.S. diplomatic missions unless they come from one of the visa-exempt or Visa Waiver Program countries. The same rules apply for travel to all U.S. states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and well as to Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands with additional waivers, while similar but separate rules apply to American Samoa.
Overview[]
Travel documents[]
The U.S. government requires all individuals entering or departing the United States by air, or entering the United States by sea from outside the Americas, to hold one of the following documents:[1]
- U.S. passport
- Foreign passport; for entry, a U.S. visa is also required except for:
- Nationals of certain neighboring jurisdictions (Canada and Bermuda generally; Bahamas, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands under certain conditions; and Mexico under limited categories)
- Citizens of the freely associated states (Marshall Islands, Micronesia and Palau)[2]
- Nationals of one of the 39 countries in the Visa Waiver Program (or of certain additional countries only for Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands)
- U.S. permanent resident card (Form I-551) or temporary I-551 stamp
- U.S. travel document serving as a re-entry permit (Form I-327) or refugee travel document (Form I-571)
- U.S. advance parole authorization (Form I-512), or employment authorization document annotated "valid for re-entry to U.S." or "serves as I-512 advance parole"
- U.S. military or NATO identification with official travel order
- U.S. merchant mariner credential indicating U.S. citizenship
- NEXUS card indicating U.S. or Canadian citizenship (only to or from Canadian airports)
- U.S. government-issued transportation letter or boarding foil (for entry only)
- Foreign emergency travel document or U.S. removal order (for departure only)
For entry by land or sea from the Americas, individuals must present one of the documents acceptable for entry by air or one of the following:[1]
- U.S. passport card
- NEXUS, SENTRI, FAST or Global Entry card indicating U.S. or Canadian citizenship
- U.S. or Canadian enhanced driver's license
- Enhanced tribal card, Native American photo identification card, or Canadian Indian status card
- U.S. or Canadian birth certificate, U.S. Consular Report of Birth Abroad, U.S. naturalization certificate or Canadian citizenship certificate, only for children under age 16, or under age 19 in a supervised group[3]
- Government-issued photo identification along with U.S. birth certificate, Consular Report of Birth Abroad or naturalization certificate, only for travel by cruise ship returning to the same place of departure in the United States[4]
Nationals of Mexico may use a Border Crossing Card, which serves as a visa when presented with a passport. Without a passport, the card on its own also allows entry by land or sea while remaining within 25 miles from the Mexico–United States border (up to 75 miles in Arizona and 55 miles in New Mexico) for a stay of up to 30 days.[5][6]
Children born to a U.S. permanent resident mother during a temporary visit abroad do not need a passport or visa at the mother's first re-entry to the United States within two years after birth. Similarly, children born abroad to a parent with a U.S. immigrant visa after its issuance do not need a passport or visa if listed in the parent's passport with a birth certificate.[1]
Visas[]
While there are about 185 different types of U.S. visas,[7] there are two main categories:
- Nonimmigrant visa, for temporary stays such as for tourism, business, family visits, study, work or transit;
- Immigrant visa: for permanent residence in the United States. At the port of entry, upon endorsement with an I-551 admission stamp, the visa serves as evidence of permanent residence for one year, and the visa holder is processed for a green card. A child with an IR-3 or IH-3 visa automatically becomes a U.S. citizen upon admission and is processed for a certificate of citizenship (N-560).
A U.S. visa does not authorize entry into the United States or a stay in a particular status, but only serves as a preliminary permission to travel to the United States and to seek admission at a port of entry. The final admission to the United States is made at the port of entry by a U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officer. For those entering in a nonimmigrant visa status, the admission details are recorded by the CBP officer on a Form I-94 (or Form I-94W for nationals of the Visa Waiver Program countries for short visits), which serves as the official document authorizing the stay in the United States in a particular status and for a particular period of time.[8] In order to immigrate, one should either have an immigrant visa or have a dual intent visa, which is one that is compatible with making a concurrent application for nonimmigrant and immigrant status.
Entering the United States on an employment visa may be described as a three-step process in most cases. First, the employer files an application with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services requesting a particular type of category visa for a specific individual. If the employer's application is approved, it only authorizes the individual to apply for a visa; the approved application is not actually a visa. The individual then applies for a visa and is usually interviewed at a U.S. embassy or consulate in the native country. If the embassy or consulate grants the visa, the individual is then allowed to travel to the United States. At the airport, border crossing or other point of entry, the individual speaks with an officer from U.S. Customs and Border Protection to request admission, and if approved, the individual may then enter the United States.[7]
In addition to immigration sponsored by a U.S. family member or employer, about 55,000 immigrant visas are available each year to natives of certain countries under the Diversity Immigrant Visa program, also known as the green card lottery.
Visa policy map[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Visa_policy_of_the_USA.svg/810px-Visa_policy_of_the_USA.svg.png)
Visa exemption[]
Nationals of neighboring jurisdictions[]
The United States grants visa-free entry to nationals of two neighboring jurisdictions under most circumstances:[5]
Canada – Nationals of Canada do not need a visa to visit the United States under most circumstances.[9] In addition, under the USMCA (and earlier NAFTA), they may obtain authorization to work under a simplified procedure.
Bermuda – British Overseas Territories citizens of Bermuda do not need a visa to visit the United States under most circumstances for up to 180 days.[9] They may also enter to study there without a visa.[10] To qualify for the visa exemption, they must present a British passport with "Government of Bermuda" on the cover, with the nationality listed as "British Overseas Territories Citizen" or "British Dependent Territories Citizen", and containing an endorsement stamp of "Holder is registered as a Bermudian", "Holder possesses Bermudian status" or "Holder is deemed to possess Bermudian status".[10]
The United States also grants visa-free entry to nationals of some other neighboring jurisdictions under certain conditions:[5]
Bahamas – Nationals of the Bahamas do not need a visa to the United States if they apply for entry at one of the preclearance facilities in Nassau or Freeport international airports. In addition to a Bahamian passport, applicants 14 years of age or older must present a police certificate issued by the Royal Bahamas Police Force in the previous six months indicating no criminal record.[11]
British Virgin Islands – British Overseas Territories citizens of the British Virgin Islands may travel without a visa to the U.S. Virgin Islands with their British Virgin Islands passport. They may also continue travel to other parts of the United States if they present a Certificate of Good Conduct issued by the Royal Virgin Islands Police Department indicating no criminal record.[5][12]
Cayman Islands – British Overseas Territories citizens of the Cayman Islands may travel without a visa to the United States. To qualify, they must receive a visa waiver from the Cayman Islands Passport and Corporate Services Office, for which they must present a Cayman Islands passport valid for at least six months beyond their intended departure from the United States, a fee of 25 Cayman Islands dollars, and a police clearance certificate for applicants age 13 or older.[13] The visa waiver is valid for only one entry and for travel directly from the Cayman Islands to the United States.[14]
Turks and Caicos Islands – British Overseas Territories citizens of the Turks and Caicos Islands may travel to the United States without a visa for short stays for business or pleasure. To qualify, they must travel directly from the territory to the United States, present a Turks and Caicos Islands passport or another travel document stating that they are British Overseas Territory citizens with the right of abode in the Turks and Caicos Islands, and applicants 14 years of age or older must also present a police certificate issued in the previous six months indicating no criminal record.[15]
Visa-free entry is also granted to limited categories of nationals of another neighboring country:
Mexico – Some nationals of Mexico do not need a visa to travel to the United States: government officials not permanently assigned to the United States and their accompanying family members, holding diplomatic or official passports, for stays of up to six months; members of the Kickapoo tribes of Texas or Oklahoma, holding Form I-872, American Indian Card; and crew members of Mexican airlines operating in the United States.[5] Other nationals of Mexico may travel to the United States with a Border Crossing Card, which functions as a visa and has similar requirements.[16] Under the USMCA (and earlier NAFTA), they may also obtain authorization to work under a simplified procedure.
Citizens of freely associated states[]
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Under Compacts of Free Association, citizens of the Marshall Islands, Micronesia and Palau may enter, reside, study and work in the United States indefinitely without a visa. These benefits are granted to citizens from birth or independence, and to naturalized citizens who have resided in the respective country for at least five years, excluding those who acquired citizenship by investment.[17][18] |
showDate of visa exemption |
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Visa Waiver Program[]
As of 2021, 39 countries have been selected by the U.S. government for inclusion in the Visa Waiver Program (VWP). Their nationals do not need a U.S. visa for short stays, but they are required to obtain an electronic authorization (ESTA) for arrivals by air or sea.[20] Visitors may stay for up to 90 days in the United States, which also includes time spent in Canada, Mexico, Bermuda or the islands in the Caribbean if the arrival was through the United States.[1]
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The Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) is not considered a visa, but a prerequisite to traveling by air or sea to the United States under the Visa Waiver Program.[33] ESTA has an application fee of $4, and if approved, an additional fee of $10 is charged. Once obtained, the authorization is valid for up to two years or until the traveler's passport expires, whichever comes first, and is valid for multiple entries into the United States.[34]
Travel by air or sea with ESTA must be made on a participating commercial carrier. ESTA is not needed when entering the United States by land, but the VWP does not apply at all if arriving by air or sea on an unapproved carrier (e.g. a private ship or plane), in which case a standard visa is required. As of December 2018, ESTA is no longer approved in real-time and passengers are required to apply at least 72 hours before departure.[35]
As of 2021, those who have previously traveled to Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, Somalia, Sudan, Syria or Yemen on or after March 1, 2011, or who are dual nationals of Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Sudan or Syria, are not eligible to travel under the VWP and must obtain a standard visa.[36] However, those who traveled to such countries as diplomats, military, journalists, humanitarian workers or legitimate businessmen may have this ineligibility waived.[37]
Visa waiver programs of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands[]
Although the visa policy of the U.S. also applies to the U.S. territories of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, both territories have additional visa waiver programs for certain nationalities. The Guam–CNMI Visa Waiver Program, first enacted in October 1988 and periodically amended, permits nationals from 11 countries in Asia, Europe and Oceania to enter Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands as tourists for up to 45 days without the need to obtain a U.S. visa or ESTA.[5][38][39] A parole policy also allows nationals of China visa-free access to the Northern Mariana Islands for up to 14 days.[40]
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Travelers with a visa or ESTA are admitted to the territories in accordance with the terms of the visa or ESTA.
Travelers using the Guam–CNMI Visa Waiver Program or the parole are required to complete an I-736 form (online as of February 2018[48][49]), hold a machine-readable passport and nonrefundable return ticket, and are not permitted to travel to other parts of the United States. Because of special visa categories for the Northern Mariana Islands' foreign workers, traveling between Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands still requires a full immigration inspection, and all visitors departing Guam or Northern Mariana Islands are inspected regardless of final destination.[50]
American Samoa[]
Politics of American Samoa |
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U.S. visa policy does not apply to the territory of American Samoa, as it has its own entry requirements and maintains control of its own borders. Hence, neither a U.S. visa nor an ESTA can be used to enter American Samoa. If required, an entry permit or electronic authorization must be obtained from the Department of Legal Affairs of American Samoa.[51]
U.S. nationals may remain indefinitely in American Samoa.[52] To enter, they must present a U.S. passport, or apply online for an electronic authorization providing a copy of their birth certificate, identification card, itinerary and a fee of US$50.[53]
Nationals of Canada, Israel, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau and countries in the U.S. Visa Waiver Program[f] may visit for up to 30 days without an entry permit. However, if arriving by air, they must apply online for an electronic authorization called "OK to board" or "OK board", at least 48 hours before travel, providing a biometric passport and itinerary. They must also pay a fee of US$20, before travel or on arrival.[52][54]
Nationals of other countries need an entry permit. To apply, they must have a local sponsor, who must appear in person at the Immigration Office of the Department of Legal Affairs and provide either a deed of private land or signatures of the sponsor's sa'o (head chief) and pulenu'u (village mayor). Travelers must also provide a copy of their passport and itinerary, clearances from the District Court of American Samoa and Lyndon B. Johnson Tropical Medical Center, consent for a background check by the Department of Homeland Security of American Samoa, police and health clearances from the country of origin, and a fee of US$40 (no fee for children under 5 years of age). The application for an entry permit must be made at least 30 days before travel, and the permit is valid for a stay of up to 30 days.[55] Business travelers may apply for a multiple-entry permit, for a fee of US$50 per month, up to one year.[56]
Nationals of Samoa may apply for group permits for a stay of up to 7 days (variable fee), or individual permits for a stay of up to 14 days (fee of US$10) or 30 days (fee of US$40, except for children under 5 years of age). Their application process requires fewer documents.[57][58][55]
Transit travelers of any nationality may apply for an electronic authorization free of charge, allowing a stay of up to 24 hours.[59]
Alaska[]
Residents of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in Russia who are members of the indigenous population do not need a visa to visit Alaska if they have relatives (blood relatives, members of the same tribe, native people who have similar language and cultural heritage) in Alaska. Entry points are in Gambell and Nome.
Individuals must be invited by a relative in Alaska, must notify local authorities at least ten days before traveling to Alaska, and must leave Alaska within 90 days.
The agreement establishing this policy was signed by Russia (then the Soviet Union) and the United States on September 23, 1989. The United States made it effective as of July 17, 2015.[60][61]
American Indians born in Canada[]
Members of certain indigenous peoples born in Canada may enter and remain in the United States indefinitely "for the purpose of employment, study, retirement, investing, and/or immigration" or any other reason by virtue of the Jay Treaty of 1794, as codified in Section 289 of the Immigration and Naturalization Act.[62]
In order to qualify, an individual must possess "at least 50 per centum blood of the American Indian Race".[62][63] Tribal membership alone does not qualify an individual.[62] The individual bears the burden of proof in establishing eligibility, typically by way of presenting identification based on reliable tribal records, birth certificates, and other documents establishing the percentage of Indian blood.[64] A Canadian Certificate of Indian Status is insufficient proof because it does not indicate the percentage of Indian blood.[64]
This provision does not extend to family members unless they qualify in their own right.[62][64][65] However, qualifying American Indians residing in the United States are considered to be lawfully admitted for U.S. permanent residence and therefore may file a petition for their spouse and dependent children, subject to statutory numerical limitations and a potential backlog of applications.[62][66][67]
Summary of visa exemptions[]
Country or territory | States, District of Columbia and Puerto Rico | U.S. Virgin Islands | Guam | Northern Mariana Islands | American Samoa | ||
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Overland | Air/cruise | Cruise | Air | ||||
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Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | OK board |
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Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
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Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | OK board |
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Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | OK board |
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Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | OK board |
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Yes | ESTA | ESTA | Yes | Yes | Yes | OK board |
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Yes | ESTA | ESTA | Yes | Yes | Yes | OK board |
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Yes | ESTA | ESTA | Yes | Yes | Yes | OK board |
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Yes | ESTA | ESTA | Yes | Yes | Yes | OK board |
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Yes | ESTA | ESTA | Yes | Yes | Yes | OK board |
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Yes | ESTA | ESTA | Yes | Yes | Yes | OK board |
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Yes[g] | ESTA[g] | ESTA[g] | Yes[g][h] | Yes[g][h] | Yes | OK board |
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Yes | ESTA | ESTA | Yes | Yes | Yes | OK board |
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Yes | ESTA | ESTA | ESTA | ESTA | Yes | OK board |
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Yes | ESTA | ESTA | ESTA | ESTA | No | No |
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Yes | ESTA | ESTA | ESTA | ESTA | Yes | OK board |
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Yes | ESTA | ESTA | ESTA | ESTA | Yes | OK board |
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Yes | ESTA | ESTA | ESTA | ESTA | Yes[k] | OK board[k] |
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Yes | ESTA | ESTA | ESTA | ESTA | Yes | OK board |
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Yes | ESTA | ESTA | ESTA | ESTA | Yes | OK board |
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No | police certificate | No | No | No | No | No |
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No | police certificate | Yes | No | No | No | No |
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No | police certificate | No | No | No | No | No |
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No | police certificate | No | No | No | No | No |
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No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
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No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
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No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
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No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No |
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No | No | No | No | No | Yes | OK board |
Restricted entry or visa issuance[]
COVID-19 pandemic[]
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. government has prohibited the entry of foreign nationals who have been in certain countries in the 14 days before arrival in the United States, with exceptions for U.S. permanent residents, immediate family members of U.S. citizens or permanent residents, crew members, military and government officials:[68]
China (mainland) from February 2, 2020[69]
Iran from March 2, 2020[70]
Schengen Area from March 13, 2020[71]
United Kingdom and
Ireland from March 16, 2020[72]
Brazil from May 28, 2020[73]
South Africa from January 30, 2021[68]
India from May 4, 2021[74]
In addition, all airline passengers departing to the United States from the United Kingdom from December 27, 2020, and from anywhere from January 26, 2021, are required to present a negative test result for SARS-CoV-2, based on a specimen collected within 3 days before departure, or documentation of recovery from COVID-19.[75][76]
All U.S. embassies and consulates have limited or suspended routine operations, including the issuance of visas, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[77]
Sanctions[]
The United States has suspended the issuance of certain types of visas in certain countries as sanctions for their lack of cooperation in accepting the return of their nationals deported from the United States:[78][79]
Burundi – all nonimmigrant visas except for government officials (A-1/2, C-2, G-1/2/3/4, NATO-1/2/3/4/5/6), from June 12, 2020[80]
Cambodia – visitor (B) visas for officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs ranked Director General and above, and their family members, from September 13, 2017[81]
Eritrea – all nonimmigrant visas except for government officials (A-1/2, C-2/3, G-1/2/3/4, NATO-1/2/3/4/5/6), from January 15, 2021[82] (expanded from a narrower suspension from September 13, 2017[78])
Laos – all nonimmigrant visas except for government officials (A-1/2, C-2, G-1/2/3/4, NATO-1/2/3/4/5/6), from April 1, 2020[83] (expanded from a narrower suspension from July 9, 2018[78])
Myanmar – visitor (B) visas for officials of the Ministries of Labour, Immigration and Population and Home Affairs ranked Director General and above, and their family members, from July 9, 2018[84]
Sierra Leone – visitor (B) visas for officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation and immigration officials, from September 13, 2017[85]
The United States has also suspended the issuance of visas in certain countries due to the ordered departure of U.S. government personnel:
Cuba – all visas except for government officials (A, G) and medical emergencies, from April 1, 2018[86] (expanded from a narrower suspension from September 29, 2017[87])
Venezuela – all visas, from March 11, 2019[88]
Nationals of the affected countries may still apply for visas at U.S. embassies or consulates in other countries.[86][88]
Outlying islands[]
Visits to the United States Minor Outlying Islands – Baker Island,[89] Howland Island,[90] Jarvis Island,[91] Johnston Atoll,[92] Kingman Reef,[93] Midway Atoll,[94] Palmyra Atoll,[95] Wake Island[96] and Navassa Island[97] – are severely restricted. The islands are not accessible to the general public, and all visits require special permits from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the U.S. military.
Qualification process[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Visas_Mantis.png/220px-Visas_Mantis.png)
Applicants for visitor visas must show that they qualify under provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act. The presumption in the law is that every nonimmigrant visa applicant (except certain employment-related applicants, who are exempt) is an intending immigrant unless otherwise proven. Therefore, applicants for most nonimmigrant visas must overcome this presumption by demonstrating that:
- The purpose of their trip is to enter the U.S. for a specific, intended purpose;
- They plan to remain for a specific, limited period; and
- They have a residence outside the U.S. as well as other binding ties which will ensure their return at the end of their stay.
All visit, business, transit, student, and exchange visitor visa applicants must pay a US$160 application fee (up from $140 as of April 2012) to the Consular Section at a U.S. Embassy or Consulate in order to be interviewed by a Consular Officer who will determine if the applicant is qualified to receive a visa to travel to the United States (additionally, the officer may also ask the United States Department of State for a Security Advisory Opinion, which can take several weeks to resolve). The application fee is increased to $190 for most work visas (up from $150 as of April 2012) and can be even higher for certain categories. If the applicant is rejected, the application fee is not refunded. Amongst the items included in the qualification decision are financial independence, adequate employment, material assets and a lack of a criminal record in the applicant's native country.
Visitor visa statistics[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Issued_B-1%2C2_visas.png/700px-Issued_B-1%2C2_visas.png)
Over 400 thousand | Over 100 thousand | Over 50 thousand | Over 25 thousand | Over 10 thousand | Over 5 thousand | Under 5 thousand |
In fiscal 2017 most B-1,2 visas were issued to the nationals of the following countries (listed over 40,000 visas):[98]
showNationality | Issued B-1,2 visas |
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In fiscal 2014 the most common reasons to refuse a visa were cited as "failure to establish entitlement to nonimmigrant status", "incompatible application" (most overcome), "unlawful presence", "misrepresentation", "criminal convictions", "smugglers" and "controlled substance violators". Smaller number of applications were rejected for "physical or mental disorder", "prostitution", "espionage", "terrorist activities", "falsely claiming citizenship" and other grounds for refusal including "presidential proclamation", "money laundering", "communicable disease" and "commission of acts of torture or extrajudicial killings".[102]
Admission statistics[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Admission_USA_2017.png/700px-Admission_USA_2017.png)
Over 2 million | Over 1 million | Over 500 thousand | Over 250 thousand | Over 100 thousand | Over 15 thousand | Under 15 thousand |
The highest number of non-immigrant admissions for tourists and for business purposes into the United States in fiscal year 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 was from the following countries (listed over 700,000 admissions):[103][104][105][106]
Country | FY 2017 | FY2016 | FY2015 | FY 2014 |
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Total (worldwide) | ![]() |
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showStatistics of American Samoa[112] |
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showStatistics of Guam[113] |
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showStatistics of Northern Mariana Islands[114] |
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Classes of visas[]
Nonimmigrant visas[]
A visa[]
A visas are issued to representatives of a foreign government traveling to the United States to engage in official activities for that government. A visas are granted to foreign government ambassadors, ministers, diplomats, as well as other foreign government officials or employees traveling on official business (A-1 visa). Certain foreign officials require an A visa regardless of the purpose of their trip. The A visa is also granted to immediate family members of such foreign government officials, defined as "the principal applicant's spouse and unmarried sons and daughters of any age who are not members of some other household and who will reside regularly in the household of the principal alien" (A-2 Visa) and which "may also include close relatives of the principal alien or spouse who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption who are not members of some other household; who will reside regularly in the household of the principal alien; and who are recognized as dependents by the sending government (A-3 Visa).[115]
B-1 and B-2[]
The most common non-immigrant visa is the multiple-purpose B-1/B-2 visa, also known as the "visa for temporary visitors for business or pleasure." Visa applicants sometimes receive either a B-1 (temporary visitor for business) or a B-2 (temporary visitor for pleasure) visa, if their reason for travel is specific enough that the consular officer does not feel they qualify for combined B-1/B-2 status.[116] Holders may also attend short non-credit courses. Mexican citizens are eligible for Border Crossing Cards.[117]
From November 29, 2016, all holders of Chinese passports who also hold 10-year B visas are required to enroll in the Electronic Visa Update System (EVUS) before traveling to the United States. This requirement may be extended to other nationalities in the future.[118][119]
Effective January 24, 2020, B visas are not issued to individuals expected to give birth during their stay, unless they demonstrate that the primary purpose of their visit is not to obtain U.S. citizenship for the child.[120] In addition, B visa applicants seeking medical treatment in the United States must demonstrate their arrangements for the medical treatment and sufficiently establish their ability to pay for it.[120]
Validity period[]
showCountry | Issuance fee (USD) | Entries | Validity |
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Adjusted visa refusal rate[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/US_visa_refusal_rate.png/700px-US_visa_refusal_rate.png)
Under 3% | 3% | 5% | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% |
The Adjusted Refusal Rate is based on the refusal rate of B visa applications. B visas are adjudicated based on applicant interviews; the interviews generally last between 60 and 90 seconds.[123] Due to time constraints, adjudicators profile applicants.[123] Certain demographics, such as young adults who are single and unemployed, almost never receive visas, unless they articulate a compelling reason.[123] Adjudicators are evaluated on how fast they carry out interviews, not the quality of adjudication decisions.[124] The validity of B visa decisions is not evaluated.[124]
To qualify for the Visa Waiver Program, a country must have had a nonimmigrant visa refusal rate of less than 3% for the previous year or an average of no more than 2% over the past two fiscal years with neither year going above 2.5%.[125] In addition, the country must provide visa-free access to United States citizens and has to be either an independent country or a dependency of a VWP country (which has precluded Hong Kong and Macau from participating in the program). (Until April 4, 2016, Argentina charged $160 to U.S. citizens to enter.)
The Adjusted Visa Refusal Rates for B visas were as follows:
showCountry/Region | Fiscal Year 2008[126] | Fiscal Year 2014[127] | Fiscal Year 2015[128] | Fiscal Year 2016[129] | Fiscal Year 2017[130] | Fiscal Year 2018[131] | Fiscal Year 2019[132] |
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Overstay rate[]
A number of visitors overstay the maximum period of allowed stay on their B-1/B-2 status after entered the U.S. on their B-1/B-2 visas. The Department of Homeland Security publishes annual reports that list the number of violations by passengers who arrive via air and sea. The table below excludes statistics on persons who left the United States later than their allowed stay or legalized their status and shows only suspected overstays who remained in the country.
The top 20 nationalities by the number of suspected in-country B-1/B-2 overstays in 2016 and 2017 were:[133][134]
showOverstay number |
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The top 10 nationalities by in-country B-1/B-2 visa overstay rate are:[133][134]
showOverstay rate |
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Use for other countries[]
US tourist visas that are valid for further travel are accepted as substitute visas for national visas in the following territories:
Albania – 90 days
Antigua and Barbuda – 30 days; USD 100 visa waiver fee applies
Argentina – 90 days; 71 countries
Belize — 30 days; USD 50 visa waiver fee applies.
Bosnia and Herzegovina — 30 days
Canada — up to 6 months; only citizens of
Brazil may apply the Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) for visa-free visit or transit (arriving by air).
Chile — 90 days; for nationals of China only.
Colombia — 90 days; for nationals of China, India, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Costa Rica — 30 days or less if the visa is about to expire; must hold a multiple-entry visa.
Dominican Republic — 90 days;
El Salvador — 90 days; not applicable to all nationalities.
Georgia — 90 days within any 180-day period;
Guatemala — 90 days; not applicable to all nationalities.
Honduras — 90 days; not applicable to all nationalities.
Jamaica — 30 days; not applicable to all nationalities.
Kosovo — 15 days;
Mexico — 180 days;[135][136]
Montenegro — 30 days;
Nicaragua — 90 days; not applicable to all nationalities.
North Macedonia — 15 days;
Oman — Indian nationals can obtain a visa on arrival to Oman if holding a valid US visa.[137]
Panama — 30/180 days; visa must be multiple-entry; visa must have a validity of at least 6 months after date of arrival in Panama; visa must have been used at least once prior to arriving in Panama.
Peru — 180 days; for nationals of China and India only.[138]
Philippines — 7 days for nationals of China and 14 days for nationals India only.
Sao Tome and Principe — 15 days;
Serbia — 90 days;
Taiwan — certain nationalities can obtain an online travel authority if holding a valid US visa.
Turkey — certain nationalities can obtain an electronic Turkish visa if holding a valid US visa.
United Arab Emirates — Indian nationals can obtain a 14-day visit visa to UAE upon arrival if holding a US visa or green card that is valid for at least 6 months.[139]
Qatar — citizens of all nationalities who hold valid USA visa can obtain an Electronic Travel Authorization for up to 30 days. The visa may be extended online for 30 additional days
C (visa)[]
The C-1 visa is a transit visa issued to individuals who are traveling in "immediate and continuous transit through the United States en-route to another country". The only reason to enter the United States must be for transit purposes. A subtype C-2 visa is issued to diplomats transiting to and from the Headquarters of the United Nations and is limited to the vicinity of New York City. A subtype C-3 visa is issued to diplomats and their dependents transiting to and from their posted country.[140]
D visa[]
is issued to crew members of sea-vessels and international airlines in the United States. This includes commercial airline pilots and flight attendants, captain, engineer, or deckhand of a sea vessel, service staff on a cruise ship and trainees on board a training vessel. Usually a combination of a C-1 visa and D visa is required.[141]
E visa[]
Treaty Trader (E-1 visa) and Treaty Investor (E-2 visa) visas are issued to citizens of countries that have signed treaties of commerce and navigation with the United States.[142] They are issued to individuals working in businesses engaged in substantial international trade or to investors (and their employees) who have made a 'substantial investment' in a business in the United States.[143] The variant visa issued only to citizens of Australia is the E-3 visa (E-3D visa is issued to spouse or child of E-3 visa holder and E-3R to a returning E-3 holder).[144]
F visa[]
These visas are issued for foreign students enrolled at accredited US institutions. F-1 visas are for full-time students, F2 visas are for spouses and children of F-1 visa holders and F-3 visas are for "border commuters" who reside in their country of origin while attending school in the United States.[145] They are managed through SEVIS.[146]
G visa[]
G visas are issued to diplomats, government officials, and employees who will work for international organizations in the United States. The international organization must be officially designated as such.[147] The G-1 visa is issued to permanent mission members; the G-2 visa is issued to representatives of a recognized government traveling temporarily to attend meetings of a designated international organization; the G-3 visa is issued to persons who represent a non-recognized government; the G-4 visa is for those who are taking up an appointment; and the G-5 visa is issued to personal employees or domestic workers of G1–G4 visa holders.[148] G1–G4 visas are also issued to immediate family members of the principal visa holder, if they meet certain criteria.[148]
NATO visa[]
Officials who work for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization require a NATO visa. The NATO-1 visa is issued to permanent representatives of NATO and their staff members, NATO-2 visa is issued to a representative of member state to NATO or its subsidiary bodies, advisor or technical expert of the NATO delegation visiting the United States, a member of the NATO military forces component or a staff member of the NATO representative, NATO-3 visa is issued to official clerical staff accompanying the representative of a NATO member state, NATO-4 visa is issued to foreign national recognized as a NATO official, NATO-5 visa is issued to a foreign national recognized as a NATO expert and NATO-6 visa is issued to a member of the civilian component of the NATO. All NATO visas are issued to immediate family members as well. NATO-7 visas are issued to personal employees or domestic workers of a NATO-1 – NATO-6 visa holders.[148]
H visa[]
H visas are issued to temporary workers in the United States.
- Specialty occupations, DOD Cooperative Research and Development Project Workers, and fashion models
The discontinued H-1A and H-1C visas existed during periods when the US experienced a shortage of nurses from 1989. The H-1A classification was created by the Nursing Relief Act of 1989 and ended in 1995. The H-1C visa was created by the Nursing Relief for Disadvantaged Area Act of 1999 and expired in 2005. Currently nurses must apply for H-1B visas.[149]
The H-1B classification is for professional-level jobs that require a minimum of a bachelor's degree in a specific academic field. In addition, the employee must have the degree or the equivalence of such a degree through education and experience. There is a required wage, which is at least equal to the wage paid by the employer to similarly qualified workers or a prevailing wage for such positions in the geographic regions where the jobs are located. This visa also covers fashion models of distinguished merit and ability.[150][151] The H-1B1 visa is the variant issued to citizens of Singapore and Chile.
- Temporary agricultural workers
The H-2A visa allows a foreign national entry into the US for temporary or seasonal agricultural work for eligible employers under certain conditions (seasonal job, no available US workers).[152]
- Temporary nonagricultural workers
The H-2B visa allows a foreign national entry into the US for temporary or seasonal non-agricultural work for eligible employers under certain conditions (seasonal job, no available US workers).[153]
- Nonimmigrant trainee or special education exchange Visitor
The H-3 visa is available to those foreign nationals looking to "receive training in any field of endeavor, other than graduate medical education or training, that is not available in the foreign national's home country" or " participate in a special education exchange visitor training program that provides for practical training and experience in the education of children with physical, mental, or emotional disabilities".[154]
- Family members
H-4 visa is issued to immediate family members of H visa holders. In some cases, they are eligible for employment.[155]
I visa[]
The I-1 visa is issued to representatives of the foreign media, including members of the press, radio, film, and print industries travelling to temporarily work in the United States in the profession.[156]
J visa[]
The J-1 visa is issued to participants of work-and study-based exchange visitor programs.[157] The Exchange Visitor Program is carried out under the provisions of the Fulbright-Hays Act of 1961, officially known as the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (Pub.L. 87–256, 75 Stat. 527). The purpose of the act is to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries by means of educational and cultural exchanges. The Exchange Visitor Program is administered by the Office of Exchange Coordination and Designation in the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. In carrying out the responsibilities of the Exchange Visitor Program, the Department designates public and private entities to act as exchange sponsors. Spouses and dependents of J-1 exchange visitors are issued a J-2 visa.[158]
Exchange visa categories are:
- Au pair and EduCare[159]
- Camp counselor[160]
- College and university student[161]
- Government visitor[162]
- Intern[163]
- International visitor[164]
- Physician[165]
- Professor and research scholar[166]
- Secondary school student[167]
- Short-term scholar[168]
- Specialist[169]
- Summer Work Travel Program participant[170]
- Teacher[171]
- Trainee[172]
Exchange Visitor Pilot Programs exist for citizens of Australia,[173] Ireland,[174] New Zealand[175] and South Korea.[176]
K visa[]
A K-1 visa is a visa issued to the fiancé or fiancée of a United States citizen to enter the United States. A K-1 visa requires a foreigner to marry his or her U.S. citizen petitioner within 90 days of entry, or depart the United States. Once the couple marries, the foreign citizen can adjust status to become a lawful permanent resident of the United States (Green Card holder).[177] A K-2 visa is issued to unmarried children under the age of 21. Foreign same-sex partners of United States citizens are currently recognized by United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and accordingly can be sponsored for K-1 visas and for permanent resident status.[178]
K-3/K-4 visas are issued to foreign spouses and children of US citizens.[179]
L visa[]
The L-1 classification is for international transferees who have worked for a related organization abroad for at least one continuous year in the past three years and who will be coming to the United States to work in an executive or managerial (L-1A) or specialized knowledge capacity (L-1B).[180][181][182] The L-2 visa is issued to dependent spouse and unmarried children under 21 years of age of qualified L-1 visa holders.
M visa[]
The M-1 visa is a type of student visa reserved for vocational and technical schools. Students in M-1 status may not work on or off campus while studying, and they may not change their status to F-1. The M-2 visa permits the spouse and minor children of an M-1 vocational student to accompany him or her to the United States.[145]
O visa[]
The O visa is a classification of non-immigrant temporary worker visa granted to an alien "who possesses extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics (O-1A visa), or who has a demonstrated record of extraordinary achievement in the motion picture or television industry and has been recognized nationally or internationally for those achievements," (O-1B visa) and to certain assistants (O-2 visa) and immediate family members of such aliens (O-3 visa).[183]
P visa[]
P visas are issued to individuals or team athletes, or member of an entertainment group including persons providing essential support services (P-1 visa), artists or entertainers (individual or group) under a reciprocal exchange program (P-2 visa) and artists or entertainers (individual or group) visiting to perform, teach or coach under a program that is culturally unique (P-3 Visa).[184] P-4 visas are issued to spouses, or children under the age of 21, of a P-1, P-2, or P-3 alien and who is accompanying, or following to join.
Q visa[]
The is issued to participants in an international cultural exchange program.[184]
R visa[]
The R-1 visa is issued to temporary religious workers. They must have been a member of a religious denomination having a bona fide non-profit religious organization in the United States for at least 2 years.[185] R-2 visa is issued to dependent family members.[186]
S visa[]
are nonimmigrant visas issued to individuals who have assisted law enforcement as a witness or informant. There is a limit of 200 S visas a year.[187] A law enforcement agency can then submit an application for resident alien status, i.e. a green card on behalf of the witness or informant once the individual has completed the terms and conditions of his or her S visa.[188]
TN visa[]
NAFTA Professional (TN) visa allows citizens of Canada and Mexico whose profession is on the NAFTA list[189] and who must hold a bachelor's degree to work in the United States on a prearranged job. Canadian citizens usually do not need a visa to work under the TN status (unless they live outside Canada with non-Canadian family members) while Mexican citizens require a TN visa. Spouse and dependent children of a TN professional can be admitted into the United States in the TD status.[190]
U and T visas[]
The U-1 visa is a nonimmigrant visa which is set aside for victims of crimes (and their immediate family members) who have suffered substantial mental or physical abuse and are willing to assist law enforcement and government officials in the investigation or prosecution of the criminal activity.[191] Subtypes of this visa are U-2 issued to spouses of U-1, U-3 issued to children of U-1, U-4 issued to parents of U-1 under the age of 21 and U-5 issued to unmarried siblings under the age of 18 of U-1 who is under 21.
The T-1 visa is issued to victims of severe forms of human trafficking. Holders may adjust their status to permanent resident status.[192] Subtypes of this visa are T-2 (issued to spouses of T-1), T-3 (issued to children of T-1), T-4 (issued to parents of T-1 under the age of 21), and T-5 (issued to unmarried siblings under the age of 18 of T-1 who is under 21).
V visa[]
The V visa is a temporary visa available to spouses and minor children (unmarried, under 21) of U.S. lawful permanent residents (LPR, also known as green card holders). It allows permanent residents to achieve family unity with their spouses and children while the immigration process takes its course. It was created by the Legal Immigration Family Equity Act of 2000.[193] The Act is to relieve those who applied for immigrant visas on or before December 21, 2000. Practically, the V visa is currently not available to spouses and minor children of LPRs who have applied after December 21, 2000.[194]
List of US visa types[]
All US visa types and subtypes are listed below:[195][196]
Immigrant visas[]
The Trump administration issued new rules on August 12, 2019, that will reject applicants for temporary or permanent visas for failing to meet income standards or for receiving public assistance such as welfare, food stamps, public housing or Medicaid.[197] Critics[who?] feared the new law, which was set to go into effect in October 2019, could negatively impact the lives of children who are U.S. citizens.[198]
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Nonimmigrant visas[]
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Dual-intent visas[]
The concept of the dual intent visa is to grant legal status to certain types of visa applicants when they are in the process of applying for a visa with the intent to obtain a permanent residency/green card. There are a certain number of U.S. visa categories that grant permission for dual intent, or to get a temporary visa status while having an intention to get a green card and stay permanently in the United States of America.[citation needed]
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Most visas are named after the paragraph of the Code of Federal Regulations that established the visa.[203]
Visa denial[]
Section 221(g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act defined several classes of aliens ineligible to receive visas.
Grounds for denial may include, but are not limited to:
- Health grounds
- Criminal history
- Security fears
- Public charge (charge means burden in this context)
- Illegal entrants or immigration violators
- Failure to produce requested documents
- Ineligible for citizenship
- Previously removed from the U.S.
- The spouse of a U.S. Citizen is almost always denied a visitor's (B1/B2) visa on the grounds that the spouse might want to stay in the United States.[citation needed]
Section 214(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (also cited as 8 United States Code § 1184(b))[204] states that most aliens must be presumed to be intending to remain in the U.S., until and unless they are able to show that they are entitled to non-immigrant status. This means there are two sides to a 214(b) denial. Either
- The applicant did not convince the consular officer that he / she did not intend to stay in the U.S. permanently, or
- The applicant did not convince the consular officer that he / she was qualified for the visa for which he / she had applied.
An example of a denial based upon the first ground would be an applicant for an F-1 student visa who the consular officer felt was secretly intending to remain in the U.S. permanently.
An example of a denial based upon the second ground would be an H-1B applicant who couldn't prove he possessed the equivalent of a U.S. bachelor's degree in a specialty field—such an equivalency being a requirement for obtaining an H-1B visa.
In order to thereafter obtain a visa applicants are recommended to objectively evaluate their situation, see in what way they fell short of the visa requirements, and then reapply.[205]
In rare cases, Section 212(d)(3) of the Immigration and Nationality Act allows for the temporary entry of certain aliens who would otherwise be prohibited from entering the United States. The person applies for a Hranka waiver and pays the filing fee. When deciding whether to approve the waiver, the Board of Immigration Appeals considers whether there would be harm to society if the applicant were admitted to the United States, the seriousness of the applicant's prior violations, and the nature of the applicant's reasons for wishing to enter the United States. If approved for a Hranka waiver, the applicant would need to have this documentation when requesting entry to the United States.[206]
Exceptions[]
There are cases when a U.S. visa has been granted to aliens who were technically ineligible. Japanese mafia (yakuza) leader Tadamasa Goto and three others were issued visas for travel between 2000 and 2004 to undergo liver transplant surgery at UCLA Medical Center.[207] The FBI had aided the men in the visa application process hoping that they would provide information regarding yakuza activities in the U.S.[207]
In 2005, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi (then Chief Minister of Gujarat) was denied a diplomatic visa to the United States. The B-1/B-2 visa that had previously been granted to him was also revoked, under a section of the Immigration and Nationality Act which makes any foreign government official who was responsible or "directly carried out, at any time, particularly severe violations of religious freedom" ineligible for the visa.[208] Modi is the only person ever denied a visa to the U.S. under this provision.[209] In 2014, after Modi's BJP political party won the 2014 Indian general election, U.S. President Barack Obama ended the visa issue by calling Modi to congratulate him on his victory, and invited him to the White House. On June 8, 2016 Modi addressed a joint meeting of the U.S. Congress.[210]
See also[]
- Electronic System for Travel Authorization
- European Union visa lists
- Security Advisory Opinion
- Department of Homeland Security
- U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
- U.S. Customs and Border Protection
- U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
- Visa Waiver Program
- Visa requirements for United States citizens
Notes[]
- ^ Only holders of passports with a national identification number.
- ^ Only British citizens are eligible to participate in the VWP.[21]
- ^ Up to 14 days, for the Northern Mariana Islands only, under a separate parole policy.[40]
- ^ Must travel on a nonstop flight from Taiwan and hold a valid Taiwanese passport and national identification card.
- ^ For holders of British citizen passports only.
- ^ The American Samoa Visitors Bureau does not list Poland,[52] while the Department of Legal Affairs of American Samoa does not list Ireland or Poland.[54]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Only holders of passports containing a national identification number.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Must also hold a national identification card or ESTA.
- ^ British citizens only.
- ^ Except Poland.
- ^ Jump up to: a b According to the American Samoa Visitors Bureau, but not listed by the Department of Legal Affairs of American Samoa.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak May also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
- ^ May also enter without a visa if traveling directly from the country through airport preclearance and holding a police certificate showing no criminal record.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d May also enter without a visa.
- ^ Electronic Visa Update System registration is required.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c For B-1 only.
- ^ Jump up to: a b For B-2 only.
- ^ For B-1 or B-1/B-2.
- ^ For holders of diplomatic or official passports, visa validity is 1 year.
- ^ For nationals of France in New Caledonia and Wallis and Futuna, issuance fee is 100 USD. All nationals of France may also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
- ^ For B-1/B-2 for a religious event, 1 entry and validity of 3 months. For B-1/B-2 for volunteer work, multiple entries and validity of 5 years.
- ^ For holders of a travel permit instead of a passport, visa validity is 5 years.
- ^ Jump up to: a b For B-2 or B-1/B-2.
- ^ For British Overseas Territories citizens (BOTCs) of Saint Helena, multiple entries and validity of 5 years. For BOTCs of the Pitcairn Islands, 2 entries and validity of 3 months. BOTCs of Bermuda may also enter without a visa. BOTCs of the British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands may also enter without a visa if traveling directly from the territory and holding a police certificate showing no criminal record. British citizens may also enter by land without a visa, or by air or sea with ESTA.
- ^ "Non-nationality based issuances" includes individuals presenting travel documents issued by a competent authority other than their country of nationality, including, for example, aliens traveling on a Laissez-Passer issued by the United Nations and refugees residing in another country.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Persons with H-1B visas, H-4 visas (as immediate family members of H-1B visa holders), K visas, L visas, and V visas are permitted to have dual intent under the Immigration and Nationality Act. Federal regulations also appear to recognize dual intent O visas, P visas, and E visas.
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Carrier Information Guide, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, February 2019.
- ^ Federated States of Micronesia, Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Palau, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, August 13, 2020.
- ^ Children - Traveling into the U.S. as Canadian Citizen, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, September 27, 2019.
- ^ 8 CFR §53.2, Exceptions, Electronic Code of Federal Regulations.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f 8 CFR 212.1 Documentary requirements for nonimmigrants, Code of Federal Regulations, January 21, 2021.
- ^ 8 CFR §235.1, Scope of examination, Electronic Code of Federal Regulations.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Grossman, Neil; Golden, Howard; Thurnell, Tracy (April 1, 2009). "GRIST InDepth: Hiring noncitizens - an immigration law primer for US employers" (PDF). Mercer.
- ^ FAQs on the Arrival-Departure Record (I-94 Form) & Crewman Landing Permit (I-95 Form). Archived March 6, 2010, at the Wayback Machine U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Accessed May 1, 2008
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Citizens of Canada and Bermuda". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Visa Exemptions for Bermudians". U.S. Consulate General in Bermuda. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
- ^ "Bahamian citizen document requirements". Retrieved June 13, 2020.
- ^ "BVI & USVI Visa Waiver Scheme - Government of the Virgin Islands".
- ^ "APPLICATION FORM FOR A UNITED STATES VISA WAIVER" (PDF). immigration.gov.ky. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ "Visa Waiver Program - U.S. Embassy in Jamaica".
- ^ "TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS CITIZENS" (PDF). Retrieved July 12, 2016.
- ^ Border Crossing Card, U.S. Department of State.
- ^ Status of Citizens of the Freely Associated States of the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, October 29, 2019.
- ^ Status of Citizens of the Republic of Palau, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, October 29, 2019.
- ^ "Table 1: USA: List of Countries for which the Visa Requirement has been lifted". Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
- ^ "Citizen of Visa Waiver Country, wants to drive into U.S. from Canada or Mexico, or arrive at a port of call in the U.S. by cruise ship". Retrieved June 13, 2020.
- ^ Passports, U.S. Embassy & Consulates in the United Kimgdom.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Adding Slovenia to the List of Countries Authorized To Participate in the Visa Waiver Pilot Program and Designating Ireland as a Permanent Participating Country (Formerly With Probationary Status), Federal Register, September 30, 1997.
- ^ Visa Waiver Pilot Program; Ireland, Federal Register, March 28, 1995.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Adding Portugal, Singapore and Uruguay to the List of Countries Authorized To Participate in the Visa Waiver Pilot Program, Federal Register, August 3, 1999.
- ^ Additional Countries Designated for the Visa Waiver Program, Federal Register, November 17, 2008.
- ^ Designation of Malta for the Visa Waiver Program, Federal Register, December 30, 2008.
- ^ Designation of Greece for the Visa Waiver Program, Federal Register, March 31, 2010.
- ^ Designation of Taiwan for the Visa Waiver Program, Federal Register, October 22, 2012.
- ^ Designation of Chile for the Visa Waiver Program, Federal Register, March 31, 2014.
- ^ Designation of Poland for the Visa Waiver Program, Federal Register, November 11, 2019.
- ^ Termination of the Designation of Argentina as a Participant Under the Visa Waiver Program, Federal Register, February 21, 2002.
- ^ Attorney General's Evaluations of the Designations of Belgium, Italy, Portugal, and Uruguay as Participants Under the Visa Waiver Program, March 7, 2003.
- ^ "Visa Waiver Program, I-94 form, Visa-free travel, Online travel authorization, ESTA". www.usvisalawyers.co.uk. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- ^ Apply or change information in the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA), U.S. Customs and Border Protection, December 2, 2019.
- ^ Planet, Lonely. "Travelling to the USA? The ESTA service has one important change". Lonely Planet News. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- ^ Visa Waiver Program, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, January 13, 2021.
- ^ United States Begins Implementation of Changes to the Visa Waiver Program, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, January 21, 2016.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Trump ends Hong Kong tourism to Guam & CNMI; MSN saves the rest from cuts; casino may be affected, Kandit News Group, July 29, 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b President Trump Issues Executive Order on US-Hong Kong Relations, Mayer Brown, July 27, 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "CBP Publication Number 0966-1019: Limit of Parole of Nationals of the People's Republic of China into the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands". U.S. Customs and Border Protection. October 2, 2019.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Guam Visa Waiver Program; Taiwan, Federal Register, July 13, 1994.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Clarification of Countries and Geographic Areas Eligible for Participation in the Guam-Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Visa Waiver Program, Federal Register, March 23, 2011.
- ^ Removing Burma From the Guam Visa Waiver Program, Federal Register, January 3, 2001.
- ^ Establishing U.S. Ports of Entry in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) and Implementing the Guam-CNMI Visa Waiver Program, Federal Register, January 16, 2009.
- ^ Establishing U.S. Ports of Entry in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) and Implementing the Guam-CNMI Visa Waiver Program; Change of Implementation Date, Federal Register, May 28, 2009.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Russian Citizens Now Eligible to Travel to Guam Visa-Free, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, January 26, 2012.
- ^ Rescission of Discretionary Parole Policies Relating to Nationals of the Russian Federation Seeking Entry Into Guam and/or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands for a Temporary Visit for Business or Pleasure, Federal Register, September 3, 2019.
- ^ "Official Site for Travelers Visiting Guam or CNMI". i736.cbp.dhs.gov. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
- ^ Variety, Marianas. "Guam-CNMI Visa Waiver Program goes electronic". Marianas Variety. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
- ^ "Guam-CNMI Visa Waiver Program". Department of Homeland Security. July 6, 2009. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
- ^ Immigration Office, Department of Legal Affairs of American Samoa.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c General Information, American Samoa Visitors Bureau.
- ^ OK board - U.S. citizen or U.S. national, Department of Legal Affairs of American Samoa.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Entry Permit Waiver Program, Department of Legal Affairs of American Samoa.
- ^ Jump up to: a b 30-day permit, Department of Legal Affairs of American Samoa.
- ^ Multiple-entry permit, Department of Legal Affairs of American Samoa.
- ^ 7-day permit, Department of Legal Affairs of American Samoa.
- ^ 14-day permit, Department of Legal Affairs of American Samoa.
- ^ OK board - Transit, Department of Legal Affairs of American Samoa.
- ^ "Bering Strait Visa-Free Travel Program". 2009-2017.state.gov. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
- ^ "Russia's Chukotka and America's Alaska are an era apart". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Boos, Greg; McLawsen, Greg (October 1, 2013). "American Indians Born in Canada and the Right of Free Access to the United States". Bender's Immigration Bulletin. 18 (18). via Social Science Research Network.
- ^ "8 U.S. Code § 1359 - Application to American Indians born in Canada". via Legal Information Institute, Cornell University Law School.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "Adjudicator's Field Manual". United States Citizenship and Immigration Services. United States Department of Homeland Security. Section 23.8(a): Section 289 Cases. 2013.
- ^ "8 CFR 292.1 - Representation of others". via Legal Information Institute, Cornell University Law School.
- ^ "Green Card for an American Indian Born in Canada". United States Citizenship and Immigration Services. United States Department of Homeland Security. February 28, 2011.
- ^ "Visa Bulletin". Volume X. Number 13. Bureau of Consular Affairs. United States Department of State. January 2018.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Proclamation on the Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Non-Immigrants of Certain Additional Persons Who Pose a Risk of Transmitting Coronavirus Disease, White House, January 25, 2021.
- ^ Proclamation 9984 of January 31, 2020, Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Persons Who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus and Other Appropriate Measures To Address This Risk, Federal Register, February 5, 2020.
- ^ Proclamation 9992 of February 29, 2020, Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Certain Additional Persons Who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus, Federal Register, March 4, 2020.
- ^ Proclamation 9993 of March 11, 2020, Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Certain Additional Persons Who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus, Federal Register, March 16, 2020.
- ^ Proclamation 9996 of March 14, 2020, Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Certain Additional Persons Who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus, Federal Register, March 18, 2020.
- ^ Proclamation 10041 of May 24, 2020, Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Certain Additional Persons Who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus, Federal Register, May 28, 2020.
- ^ A Proclamation on the Suspension of Entry as Nonimmigrants of Certain Additional Persons Who Pose a Risk of Transmitting Coronavirus Disease 2019, White House, April 30, 2021.
- ^ Requirement for Negative Pre-Departure COVID-19 Test Result for All Airline Passengers Arriving Into the United States From the United Kingdom, Federal Register, December 31, 2020.
- ^ Requirement for negative pre-departure COVID-19 test result or documentation of recovery from COVID-19 for all airline and other aircraft passengers arriving into the United States from any foreign country, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, January 25, 2021.
- ^ Suspension of Routine Visa Services, U.S. Department of State, July 22, 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Immigration: "Recalcitrant" Countries and the Use of Visa Sanctions to Encourage Cooperation with Alien Removals, Congressional Research Service, July 10, 2020.
- ^ No US visa sanctions on Pakistan: FM, The Nation, May 15, 2019.
- ^ Visas, U.S. Embassy in Burundi.
- ^ Apply for a U.S. visa in Cambodia, CGI Federal.
- ^ Visas, U.S. Embassy in Eritrea.
- ^ Important information regarding discontinuation of issuance of nonimmigrant visas, U.S. Embassy in Laos.
- ^ DHS Announces Implementation of Visa Sanctions on Burma and Laos, U.S. Embassy in Burma, July 11, 2018.
- ^ Nonimmigrant Visas, U.S. Embassy in Sierra Leone.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Frequently Asked Questions, U.S. Embassy in Cuba.
- ^ End of Ordered Departure at U.S. Embassy Havana, U.S. Embassy in Cuba, March 2, 2018.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Visas, U.S. Embassy in Venezuela.
- ^ Get involved, Baker Island, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, June 9, 2015.
- ^ Get involved, Howland Island, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, June 9, 2015.
- ^ Get involved, Jarvis Island, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, June 9, 2015.
- ^ Get involved, Johnston Atoll, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, February 27, 2020.
- ^ Get involved, Kingman Reef, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, June 9, 2015.
- ^ Virtual visitation, Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge and Battle of Midway National Memorial, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, November 23, 2016.
- ^ Plan your visit, Palmyra Atoll, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, November 27, 2017.
- ^ Get involved, Wake Atoll, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, June 9, 2015.
- ^ Plan your visit, Navassa Island, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, September 7, 2017.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Nonimmigrant Visas Issued, Fiscal Year 2017. United States Department of State.
- ^ https://travel.state.gov/content/dam/visas/Statistics/AnnualReports/FY2016AnnualReport/FY16AnnualReport-TableXVII.pdf
- ^ https://travel.state.gov/content/dam/visas/Statistics/AnnualReports/FY2015AnnualReport/FY15AnnualReport-TableXVII.pdf
- ^ Including Border Crossing Cards
- ^ "Immigrant and Nonimmigrant Visa Ineligibilities (by Grounds for Refusal Under the Immigration and Nationality Act)" (PDF). Department of State. 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
- ^ "2014 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics". DHS.gov. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ "Table 28 - Homeland Security".
- ^ "Table 28. Nonimmigrant Admissions (I-94 Only) By Selected Category Of Admission And Region And Country Of Citizenship: Fiscal Year 2016". Department of Homeland Security. May 16, 2017. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- ^ "Table 28. Nonimmigrant Admissions (I-94 Only) by Selected Category of Admission and Region and Country of Citizenship: Fiscal Year 2017". Department of Homeland Security. August 14, 2018. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- ^ United Kingdom includes the United Kingdom, Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Jersey, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, and Turks and Caicos Islands.
- ^ China includes the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, and Macau.
- ^ France includes France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Reunion, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and Wallis and Futuna.
- ^ Australia includes Australia, Norfolk Island, Christmas Island, and Cocos (Keeling) Islands.
- ^ Netherlands includes the Netherlands, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten.
- ^ "Statistical Yearbook - Department of Commerce".
- ^ "Visitor Arrival Statistics - Research - Research and Reports".
- ^ "Central Statistics Division (CSD) - CNMI Department of Commerce".
- ^ Embassy of the United States: Diplomatic Visas (A-1 & A-2) | Embassy of the United States Archived June 7, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, accessed June 6, 2015
- ^ "Visitor Visa". travel.state.gov. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- ^ "Border Crossing Card". travel.state.gov. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- ^ "CBP Announces the Electronic Visa Update System". USCBP. Archived from the original on August 7, 2016. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
- ^ "Electronic Visa Update System (EVUS) Frequently Asked Questions". USCBP. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Visas: Temporary Visitors for Business or Pleasure". Federal Register. National Archives and Records Administration. January 24, 2020.
- ^ U.S. visa: reciprocity and civil documents by country, United States Department of State.
- ^ Temporary reciprocity schedule, United States Department of State.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "Shortcuts to Immigration". Center for Immigration Studies. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "No Coyote Needed" (PDF). Center for Immigration Studies. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
- ^ Visa Waiver Program. Alison Siskin. January 15, 2013, Congressional Research Service
- ^ "Adjusted Refusal Rate, B Visas Only, By Nationality, Fiscal Year 2008". United States Department of State.
- ^ "Adjusted Refusal Rate, B Visas Only, By Nationality, Fiscal Year 2014". United States Department of State.
- ^ "Adjusted Refusal Rate, B Visas Only, By Nationality, Fiscal Year 2015". United States Department of State.
- ^ "Adjusted Refusal Rate, B Visas Only, By Nationality, Fiscal Year 2016". United States Department of State.
- ^ "Adjusted Refusal Rate, B Visas Only, By Nationality, Fiscal Year 2017". United States Department of State.
- ^ "Adjusted Refusal Rate, B Visas Only, By Nationality, Fiscal Year 2018". United States Department of State.
- ^ "Adjusted Refusal Rate, B Visas Only, By Nationality, Fiscal Year 2019". United States Department of State.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Entry/Exit Overstay Report, Fiscal Year 2016" (PDF). Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Entry/Exit Overstay Report, Fiscal Year 2017" (PDF). Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
- ^ Countries and regions that require a visa to travel to Mexico, Instituto Nacional de Migración, September 27, 2013.
- ^ "Country information (visa section)". Timatic. International Air Transport Association (IATA) through Gulf Air. Retrieved April 1, 2017.
- ^ "Oman to grant visa on arrival to Indian travellers, but there is a twist". Times of India. June 13, 2018.
- ^ https://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=IN&PASSTYPES=PASS&AR=00&DE=PE&selDest=Kenya&selTrans=Use+ctrl-key+to+select+or+deselect+transit+point%28s%29+above&user=PYB2C&subuser=PYB2C
- ^ "Non-US Citizens". United Arab Embassy Washington D.C. Retrieved February 10, 2019.
- ^ "Transit Visa". travel.state.gov. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- ^ "Crewmember Visa". travel.state.gov. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- ^ Jump up to: a b [1]
- ^ "Treaty Traders (E-1) and Treaty Investors (E-2)". . Retrieved May 20, 2016.
- ^ Embassy of the United States Canberra, Australia: E-3 Visa | Embassy of the United States Canberra, Australia Archived May 27, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, accessed June 6, 2015
- ^ Jump up to: a b [2]
- ^ "Student and Exchange Visitor Program". www.ICE.gov. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ "9 FAM 102.3 (U) DEFINITIONS".
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "Visas for Employees of International Organizations and NATO". travel.state.gov. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- ^ Monica, Edna. "USA Work Visa for Nurses". Iowa State University.
- ^ "H-1B Program - Wage and Hour Division (WHD) - U.S. Department of Labor". www.DOL.gov. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ "H-1B Specialty Occupations, DOD Cooperative Research and Development Project Workers, and Fashion Models". USCIS. March 19, 2019. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ "H-2A Temporary Agricultural Workers". USCIS. January 24, 2019. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ "H-2B Temporary Non-Agricultural Workers". Uscis.gov. Retrieved May 26, 2019.
- ^ "H-3 Nonimmigrant Trainee or Special Education Exchange Visitor". USCIS. July 20, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ "DHS Extends Eligibility for Employment Authorization to Certain H-4 Dependent Spouses of H-1B Nonimmigrants Seeking Employment-Based Lawful Permanent Residence". USCIS. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
- ^ [3]
- ^ "J-1 Visa Basics - J-1 Visa". j1visa.State.gov. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ "About the J-2 Visa - J-1 Visa Basics - J-1 Visa". j1visa.State.gov. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ State, Department of. "Au Pair Program". J-1 Visa. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ State, Department of. "Camp Counselor Program". J-1 Visa. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ State, Department of. "College and University Student Program". J-1 Visa. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ State, Department of. "Government Visitor Program". J-1 Visa. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ State, Department of. "Intern Program". J-1 Visa. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ State, Department of. "International Visitor Program". J-1 Visa. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ State, Department of. "Physician Program". J-1 Visa. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ http://j1visa.state.gov/programs/professor-and-research-scholar/
- ^ State, Department of. "Secondary School Student Program". J-1 Visa. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ State, Department of. "Short-Term Scholar Program". J-1 Visa. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ State, Department of. "Specialist Program". J-1 Visa. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ State, Department of. "Summer Work Travel Program". J-1 Visa. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ State, Department of. "Teacher Program". J-1 Visa. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ State, Department of. "Trainee Program". J-1 Visa. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ Embassy of the United States Canberra, Australia: Student Work and Travel Pilot Program | Embassy of the United States Canberra, Australia, accessed June 6, 2015
- ^ "Guidelines for Administration of the Intern Work and Travel Pilot Program with Ireland" (PDF). State.gov. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ Embassy of the United States: New Zealand and Australia Twelve-Month Student Work and Recent Graduate Travel Programs | Embassy of the United States, accessed June 6, 2015
- ^ http://j1visa.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/pilot-program-west.pdf
- ^ "Fiancé(e) Visas". USCIS. March 23, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ 'Same-Sex Marriage and Spousal Visas,' http://www.usvisalawyers.co.uk/article23.html, accessed October 1, 2013.
- ^ "K-3/K-4 Nonimmigrant Visas". USCIS. February 13, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ "Working in the U.S." USCIS. June 14, 2017. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ "L-1A Intracompany Transferee Executive or Manager". USCIS. October 31, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ "L-1B Intracompany Transferee Specialized Knowledge". USCIS. October 31, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ "O-1 Visa: Individuals with Extraordinary Ability or Achievement". Retrieved September 16, 2012.
- ^ Jump up to: a b [4]
- ^ USCIS: R-1 Temporary Nonimmigrant Religious Workers | USCIS, accessed June 6, 2015
- ^ state.gov: Religious Worker Visa, accessed June 6, 2015
- ^ USDOJ: S Visa Program -- Eligibility, accessdate: December 31, 2015
- ^ USCIS: Green Card for an Informant (S Nonimmigrant), access date: December 31, 2015
- ^ NAFSA: 8 CFR § 214.6, accessdate: June 6, 2015
- ^ state.gov: Visas for Canadian and Mexican NAFTA Professional Workers Archived September 5, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, accessdate: June 6, 2015
- ^ state.gov: Victims of Human Trafficking, accessed June 6, 2015
- ^ USCIS: Green Card for a Victim of Trafficking (T Nonimmigrant) | USCIS, accessed June 6, 2015
- ^ "Immigration through Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE) of 2000". US Citizenship and Immigration Services. Archived from the original on December 21, 2005. Retrieved May 1, 2007.
- ^ USCIS: V Nonimmigrant Visas | USCIS, accessdate: June 6, 2015
- ^ state.gov: Directory of Visa Categories, accessdate: June 1, 2019
- ^ Embassy of the United States Dublin, Ireland: Nonimmigrant Visa Classification Symbols | Embassy of the United States Dublin, Ireland, accessdate: June 6, 2015
- ^ Andrew Buncombe (August 12, 2019), "Trump administration announces new immigration rules to deny people visas for being poor", Independent.com.uk, retrieved August 12, 2019
- ^ Joseph Zeballos-Roig (August 12, 2019), "The Trump administration rolled out a new rule to reject green cards for immigrants on food stamps and other public aid", Business Insider, retrieved August 12, 2019
- ^ "Students and Exchange Visitors". Retrieved September 11, 2011.
- ^ "Immigration Classifications and Visa Categories - ARCHIVE as of 2010-Jan-28. Page no longer available". United States Citizenship and Immigration Services. Archived from the original on February 28, 2008. Retrieved January 28, 2010.
- ^ "Types of Visas for Temporary Visitors". Retrieved September 11, 2011.
- ^ "Types of Visas for Temporary Visitors". Retrieved September 11, 2011.
- ^ "8 CFR 214.2 - Special requirements for admission, extension, and maintenance of status". Legal Information Institute. Cornell University Legal Law School. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
- ^ "Immigration and Nationality Act, 8 USC Sec. 1158". House.gov. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ "A 214(b) Denial: What It Means, What You Can Do". Usvisalawyers.co.uk.
- ^ "Matter of Hranka". 16 I&N Dec. 491. Board of Immigration Appeals. April 6, 1973.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Charles Ornstein and John M. Glionna, Los Angeles Times After livers, cash to UCLA May 31, 2008
- ^ "No entry for Modi into US: visa denied". The Times of India. March 18, 2005. Archived from the original on July 13, 2011. Retrieved February 3, 2012.
- ^ Mann, James (May 2, 2014). "Why Narendra Modi Was Banned From the U.S." Retrieved June 3, 2014.
- ^ Gowen, Annie (June 6, 2016). "Once banned from the U.S., India’s Modi set for historic address to Congress". The Washington Post.
External links[]
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide for United States. |
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide for U.S. Virgin Islands. |
- U.S. Visas, Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State
- List of diplomatic missions of the U.S.
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security
- U.S. Customs and Border Protection
- Visa policy of the United States
- Tourism in the United States
- United States Department of State
- United States federal policy
- Visa policy by country